Romans has been called the greatest theological document ever written. In this letter, the apostle Paul explains the Good News—the climactic revelation of God to the world through his Son, the Lord Jesus Christ. Paul reflects on the human condition, on the meaning of our lives on earth, and on our hope for the world to come. He constantly moves us back to the fundamentals of God’s truth reveale…
1Verdad digo en Cristo, no miento, y mi conciencia me da testimonio en el Espíritu Santo,
2que tengo gran tristeza y continuo dolor en mi corazón.
3Porque deseara yo mismo ser anatema, separado de Cristo, por amor a mis hermanos, los que son mis parientes según la carne;
4que son israelitas, de los cuales son la adopción, la gloria, el pacto, la promulgación de la ley, el culto y las promesas;
5de quienes son los patriarcas, y de los cuales, según la carne, vino Cristo, el cual es Dios sobre todas las cosas, bendito por los siglos. Amén.
6No que la palabra de Dios haya fallado; porque no todos los que descienden de Israel son israelitas,
7ni por ser descendientes de Abraham, son todos hijos; sino: En Isaac te será llamada descendencia.
8Esto es: No los que son hijos según la carne son los hijos de Dios, sino que los que son hijos según la promesa son contados como descendientes.
9Porque la palabra de la promesa es esta: Por este tiempo vendré, y Sara tendrá un hijo.
10Y no solo esto, sino también cuando Rebeca concibió de uno, de Isaac nuestro padre
11(pues no habían aún nacido, ni habían hecho aún ni bien ni mal, para que el propósito de Dios conforme a la elección permaneciese, no por las obras sino por el que llama),
12se le dijo: El mayor servirá al menor.
13Como está escrito: A Jacob amé, mas a Esaú aborrecí.
14¿Qué, pues, diremos? ¿Que hay injusticia en Dios? En ninguna manera.
15Pues a Moisés dice: Tendré misericordia del que yo tenga misericordia, y me compadeceré del que yo me compadezca.
16Así que no depende del que quiere, ni del que corre, sino de Dios que tiene misericordia.
17Porque la Escritura dice a Faraón: Para esto mismo te he levantado, para mostrar en ti mi poder, y para que mi nombre sea anunciado por toda la tierra.
18De manera que de quien quiere, tiene misericordia, y al que quiere endurecer, endurece.
19Pero me dirás: ¿Por qué, pues, inculpa? porque ¿quién ha resistido a su voluntad?
20Mas antes, oh hombre, ¿quién eres tú, para que alterques con Dios? ¿Dirá el vaso de barro al que lo formó: Por qué me has hecho así?
21¿O no tiene potestad el alfarero sobre el barro, para hacer de la misma masa un vaso para honra y otro para deshonra?
22¿Y qué, si Dios, queriendo mostrar su ira y hacer notorio su poder, soportó con mucha paciencia los vasos de ira preparados para destrucción,
23y para hacer notorias las riquezas de su gloria, las mostró para con los vasos de misericordia que él preparó de antemano para gloria,
24a los cuales también ha llamado, esto es, a nosotros, no solo de los judíos, sino también de los gentiles?
25Como también en Oseas dice: Llamaré pueblo mío al que no era mi pueblo, Y a la no amada, amada.
26Y en el lugar donde se les dijo: Vosotros no sois pueblo mío, Allí serán llamados hijos del Dios viviente.
27También Isaías clama tocante a Israel: Si fuere el número de los hijos de Israel como la arena del mar, tan solo el remanente será salvo;
28porque el Señor ejecutará su sentencia sobre la tierra en justicia y con prontitud.
29Y como antes dijo Isaías: Si el Señor de los ejércitos no nos hubiera dejado descendencia, Como Sodoma habríamos venido a ser, y a Gomorra seríamos semejantes.
30¿Qué, pues, diremos? Que los gentiles, que no iban tras la justicia, han alcanzado la justicia, es decir, la justicia que es por fe;
31mas Israel, que iba tras una ley de justicia, no la alcanzó.
32¿Por qué? Porque iban tras ella no por fe, sino como por obras de la ley, pues tropezaron en la piedra de tropiezo,
33como está escrito: He aquí pongo en Sion piedra de tropiezo y roca de caída; Y el que creyere en él, no será avergonzado.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
I
Versículo 1
I. 9:1–11:36 In this section, Paul takes up the problem raised by the unbelief of so many Jews. If G…
9:1–11:36 In this section, Paul takes up the problem raised by the unbelief of so many Jews. If God had promised salvation to Israel yet so few Jews were being saved, how could Jesus truly be the fulfillment of God’s plan (9:1-5)? In his response to this objection, Paul cites the Old Testament as evidence that God had always intended to save only a remnant of Israel (9:6-29), and he faults the Jews for refusing to embrace Christ (9:30–10:21). Paul then shows that God has not discarded Israel from his plan of salvation. Many Jews have already believed in Christ (11:1-10), and many more will believe in the future (11:12-26).
II
Versículo 2
II. 9:2-3 Paul does not explicitly say why he has such bitter sorrow for his Jewish brothers and sist…
9:2-3 Paul does not explicitly say why he has such bitter sorrow for his Jewish brothers and sisters. Yet his willingness to become cursed on their behalf if that would save them makes clear that the failure of most Jews to respond to Jesus and be saved stimulated his agony (see also 10:1).
III
Versículo 3
III. 9:3 I would be willing to be forever cursed (Greek anathema): Anathema is used in the Greek Old T…
9:3 I would be willing to be forever cursed (Greek anathema): Anathema is used in the Greek Old Testament to translate a Hebrew expression that means “set apart for God,” which usually has the negative sense of something destined to be destroyed as an offering to God (see Lev 27:28-29; Josh 6:17-18; 7:1, 11-13; 22:20; 1 Sam 15:3; 1 Chr 2:7). Paul knows that he cannot, in fact, be cut off from Christ. Paul is echoing the offer of Moses, who pled with God to kill him but to spare the people (Exod 32:30-32).
IV
Versículo 4
IV. 9:4 Up to this point in Romans, Paul has called the Jewish people Jews. His shift to people of Is…
9:4 Up to this point in Romans, Paul has called the Jewish people Jews. His shift to people of Israel, here and throughout most of chs 9–11, is significant. Jew connotes national identity, but Israel emphasizes the covenant relationship of the people with God. • chosen to be God’s adopted children: The Old Testament called Israel God’s son or child to emphasize that God had selected Israel to be his own people (e.g., Exod 4:22; Jer 3:19; 31:9; Hos 11:1). Israel’s adopted status meant that they received God’s blessing and promises, not that they were necessarily saved. • covenants: The Old Testament includes several covenants between God and the people of Israel: one with Abraham (Gen 17), one with the nation through Moses at Mount Sinai (Exod 19–24), and one with David (2 Sam 7:8-16; 23:5).
V
Versículo 5
V. 9:5 Christ came from the people of Israel, and God first made his promises of salvation to them.
9:5 Christ came from the people of Israel, and God first made his promises of salvation to them.
VI
Versículo 6
VI. 9:6 are truly members of God’s people (literally are Israel): “Israel” can refer to the people of…
9:6 are truly members of God’s people (literally are Israel): “Israel” can refer to the people of Israel in a biological sense, i.e., everyone descended from Jacob. But in the latter part of the Old Testament and in Judaism, the idea of a “righteous remnant” within Israel developed (see Isa 11:10-16). On at least one occasion in the New Testament, Israel refers to everyone, Jew and Gentile, who belongs to God in a spiritual sense (Gal 6:16). Paul is stating that there is now an “Israel within Israel,” a community consisting of both Jews and Gentiles who truly believe (cp. Rom 11:16-17; Gal 6:16).
VII
Versículo 7
VII. 9:7 This quotation is from Gen 21:12, which God spoke to Abraham when he was reluctant to follow …
9:7 This quotation is from Gen 21:12, which God spoke to Abraham when he was reluctant to follow Sarah’s advice to banish his son Ishmael, who was born to the slave woman Hagar. God assured Abraham that Sarah’s child, Isaac, was the son through whom God’s promises would be fulfilled.
VIII
Versículo 10
VIII. 9:10-11 she gave birth to twins: No human circumstances differentiated Isaac’s sons, Jacob and Es…
9:10-11 she gave birth to twins: No human circumstances differentiated Isaac’s sons, Jacob and Esau. Not only were they born to the same mother, but they were also conceived at the same time. Instead, Paul argues, the difference between them was of God’s choosing.
IX
Versículo 12
IX. 9:12 “Your older son will serve your younger son”: God spoke these words to Rebekah before the tw…
9:12 “Your older son will serve your younger son”: God spoke these words to Rebekah before the twins were born (Gen 25:23). As the older of the twins, Esau was Isaac’s natural heir. But Esau sold his birthright to Jacob and ceded his position to his brother in fulfillment of God’s promise.
X
Versículo 13
X. 9:13 “I loved Jacob, but I rejected (literally hated) Esau”: Paul quotes Mal 1:2-3, where Jacob, …
9:13 “I loved Jacob, but I rejected (literally hated) Esau”: Paul quotes Mal 1:2-3, where Jacob, whose other name is Israel (Gen 32:28), stands for the nation of Israel, and Esau stands for Edom. Here, Paul is referring to them as individuals. Just as love can sometimes express a choice, so hate can express rejection. The story of Jacob and Esau illustrates how the sovereign God chooses his own people.
XI
Versículo 14
XI. 9:14-16 God’s choice is not unfair because he owes nothing to his sinful creatures (see study not…
9:14-16 God’s choice is not unfair because he owes nothing to his sinful creatures (see study note on 4:4-5).
XII
Versículo 15
XII. 9:15 This quotation from Exod 33:19 focuses on God’s nature: God is free from obligation or const…
9:15 This quotation from Exod 33:19 focuses on God’s nature: God is free from obligation or constraint in bestowing mercy on people.
XIII
Versículo 17
XIII. 9:17 God told Pharaoh: At God’s direction, Moses had asked Pharaoh to let the people of Israel le…
9:17 God told Pharaoh: At God’s direction, Moses had asked Pharaoh to let the people of Israel leave Egypt for their own land (Exod 9:16). When Pharaoh stubbornly refused, God displayed miracle after miracle to convince Israel, Pharaoh, and the Egyptians of God’s power and authority (see Exod 6:7; 7:5; 9:14-16; 14:31).
XIV
Versículo 18
XIV. 9:18 he chooses to harden the hearts of others so they refuse to listen: Pharaoh refused to let I…
9:18 he chooses to harden the hearts of others so they refuse to listen: Pharaoh refused to let Israel go because his heart was hardened. God hardened Pharaoh’s heart (Exod 9:12), and Pharaoh hardened his own heart (Exod 8:15).
XV
Versículo 20
XV. 9:20-21 See Isa 29:16; 45:9-10.
9:20-21 See Isa 29:16; 45:9-10.
16
Versículo 24
16. 9:24-26 God was free to select people from the Jews who would have a true spiritual relationship …
9:24-26 God was free to select people from the Jews who would have a true spiritual relationship with him; similarly, he was also free to choose some from the Gentiles to be saved as well. Paul uses the prophecy of Hosea to reinforce his point. Hosea predicted that God would renew his mercy to the ten northern tribes that had rebelled against God and were under his judgment. Paul saw a principle that applies to Gentiles as well. • Those who were not my people: See study note on 10:19.
17
Versículo 27
17. 9:27-28 only a remnant will be saved: So many Israelites had turned from God that the Old Testame…
9:27-28 only a remnant will be saved: So many Israelites had turned from God that the Old Testament prophets spoke of a true spiritual Israel within the larger nation of Israel (see Isa 11:10-16). The remnant would receive salvation, while the rest of the Israelites would suffer condemnation.
18
Versículo 29
18. 9:29 The destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen 19) is a poignant illustration of t…
9:29 The destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen 19) is a poignant illustration of the reality and severity of God’s judgment.
19
Versículo 31
19. 9:31 who tried so hard to get right with God by keeping the law (literally who pursued the law of…
9:31 who tried so hard to get right with God by keeping the law (literally who pursued the law of righteousness): Law of righteousness is an idiom that means “righteousness through the law.”
20
Versículo 32
20. 9:32-33 The great rock in their path is Christ. People either build on him by putting their faith…
9:32-33 The great rock in their path is Christ. People either build on him by putting their faith in him, or they stumble over his message that faith, and not human works, is the key to getting right with God.
21
Versículo 33
21. 9:33 This quotation is from Isa 8:14; 28:16. These two texts, along with Ps 118:22, are also quot…
9:33 This quotation is from Isa 8:14; 28:16. These two texts, along with Ps 118:22, are also quoted together in 1 Pet 2:6-8. The early church likely had a collection of messianic “stone” quotations from the Old Testament that they used to illuminate the significance of Christ (see also Matt 21:42).
Nuevo Testamento
Romans — Capítulo 9
Romans has been called the greatest theological document ever written. In this letter, the apostle Paul explains the Good News—the climactic revelation of God to the world through his Son, the Lord Jesus Christ. Paul reflects on the human condition, on the meaning of our lives on earth, and on our hope for the world to come. He constantly moves us back to the fundamentals of God’s truth reveale…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Verdad digo en Cristo, no miento, y mi conciencia me da testimonio en el Espíritu Santo,
2que tengo gran tristeza y continuo dolor en mi corazón.
3Porque deseara yo mismo ser anatema, separado de Cristo, por amor a mis hermanos, los que son mis parientes según la carne;
4que son israelitas, de los cuales son la adopción, la gloria, el pacto, la promulgación de la ley, el culto y las promesas;
5de quienes son los patriarcas, y de los cuales, según la carne, vino Cristo, el cual es Dios sobre todas las cosas, bendito por los siglos. Amén.
6No que la palabra de Dios haya fallado; porque no todos los que descienden de Israel son israelitas,
7ni por ser descendientes de Abraham, son todos hijos; sino: En Isaac te será llamada descendencia.
8Esto es: No los que son hijos según la carne son los hijos de Dios, sino que los que son hijos según la promesa son contados como descendientes.
9Porque la palabra de la promesa es esta: Por este tiempo vendré, y Sara tendrá un hijo.
10Y no solo esto, sino también cuando Rebeca concibió de uno, de Isaac nuestro padre
11(pues no habían aún nacido, ni habían hecho aún ni bien ni mal, para que el propósito de Dios conforme a la elección permaneciese, no por las obras sino por el que llama),
12se le dijo: El mayor servirá al menor.
13Como está escrito: A Jacob amé, mas a Esaú aborrecí.
14¿Qué, pues, diremos? ¿Que hay injusticia en Dios? En ninguna manera.
15Pues a Moisés dice: Tendré misericordia del que yo tenga misericordia, y me compadeceré del que yo me compadezca.
16Así que no depende del que quiere, ni del que corre, sino de Dios que tiene misericordia.
17Porque la Escritura dice a Faraón: Para esto mismo te he levantado, para mostrar en ti mi poder, y para que mi nombre sea anunciado por toda la tierra.
18De manera que de quien quiere, tiene misericordia, y al que quiere endurecer, endurece.
19Pero me dirás: ¿Por qué, pues, inculpa? porque ¿quién ha resistido a su voluntad?
20Mas antes, oh hombre, ¿quién eres tú, para que alterques con Dios? ¿Dirá el vaso de barro al que lo formó: Por qué me has hecho así?
21¿O no tiene potestad el alfarero sobre el barro, para hacer de la misma masa un vaso para honra y otro para deshonra?
22¿Y qué, si Dios, queriendo mostrar su ira y hacer notorio su poder, soportó con mucha paciencia los vasos de ira preparados para destrucción,
23y para hacer notorias las riquezas de su gloria, las mostró para con los vasos de misericordia que él preparó de antemano para gloria,
24a los cuales también ha llamado, esto es, a nosotros, no solo de los judíos, sino también de los gentiles?
25Como también en Oseas dice: Llamaré pueblo mío al que no era mi pueblo, Y a la no amada, amada.
26Y en el lugar donde se les dijo: Vosotros no sois pueblo mío, Allí serán llamados hijos del Dios viviente.
27También Isaías clama tocante a Israel: Si fuere el número de los hijos de Israel como la arena del mar, tan solo el remanente será salvo;
28porque el Señor ejecutará su sentencia sobre la tierra en justicia y con prontitud.
29Y como antes dijo Isaías: Si el Señor de los ejércitos no nos hubiera dejado descendencia, Como Sodoma habríamos venido a ser, y a Gomorra seríamos semejantes.
30¿Qué, pues, diremos? Que los gentiles, que no iban tras la justicia, han alcanzado la justicia, es decir, la justicia que es por fe;
31mas Israel, que iba tras una ley de justicia, no la alcanzó.
32¿Por qué? Porque iban tras ella no por fe, sino como por obras de la ley, pues tropezaron en la piedra de tropiezo,
33como está escrito: He aquí pongo en Sion piedra de tropiezo y roca de caída; Y el que creyere en él, no será avergonzado.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
Versículo 1
I. 9:1–11:36 In this section, Paul takes up the problem raised by the unbelief of so many Jews. If G…
Versículo 2
II. 9:2-3 Paul does not explicitly say why he has such bitter sorrow for his Jewish brothers and sist…
Versículo 3
III. 9:3 I would be willing to be forever cursed (Greek anathema): Anathema is used in the Greek Old T…
Versículo 4
IV. 9:4 Up to this point in Romans, Paul has called the Jewish people Jews. His shift to people of Is…
Versículo 5
V. 9:5 Christ came from the people of Israel, and God first made his promises of salvation to them.
Versículo 6
VI. 9:6 are truly members of God’s people (literally are Israel): “Israel” can refer to the people of…
Versículo 7
VII. 9:7 This quotation is from Gen 21:12, which God spoke to Abraham when he was reluctant to follow …
Versículo 10
VIII. 9:10-11 she gave birth to twins: No human circumstances differentiated Isaac’s sons, Jacob and Es…
Versículo 12
IX. 9:12 “Your older son will serve your younger son”: God spoke these words to Rebekah before the tw…
Versículo 13
X. 9:13 “I loved Jacob, but I rejected (literally hated) Esau”: Paul quotes Mal 1:2-3, where Jacob, …
Versículo 14
XI. 9:14-16 God’s choice is not unfair because he owes nothing to his sinful creatures (see study not…
Versículo 15
XII. 9:15 This quotation from Exod 33:19 focuses on God’s nature: God is free from obligation or const…
Versículo 17
XIII. 9:17 God told Pharaoh: At God’s direction, Moses had asked Pharaoh to let the people of Israel le…
Versículo 18
XIV. 9:18 he chooses to harden the hearts of others so they refuse to listen: Pharaoh refused to let I…
Versículo 20
XV. 9:20-21 See Isa 29:16; 45:9-10.
Versículo 24
16. 9:24-26 God was free to select people from the Jews who would have a true spiritual relationship …
Versículo 27
17. 9:27-28 only a remnant will be saved: So many Israelites had turned from God that the Old Testame…
Versículo 29
18. 9:29 The destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen 19) is a poignant illustration of t…
Versículo 31
19. 9:31 who tried so hard to get right with God by keeping the law (literally who pursued the law of…
Versículo 32
20. 9:32-33 The great rock in their path is Christ. People either build on him by putting their faith…
Versículo 33
21. 9:33 This quotation is from Isa 8:14; 28:16. These two texts, along with Ps 118:22, are also quot…