Genesis is the book of beginnings—of the universe and of humanity, of sin and its catastrophic effects, and of God’s plan to restore blessing to the world through his chosen people. God began his plan when he called Abraham and made a covenant with him. Genesis traces God’s promised blessings from generation to generation, to the time of bondage and the need for redemption from Egypt. It lays t…
1Estas son las generaciones de los hijos de Noé: Sem, Cam y Jafet, a quienes nacieron hijos después del diluvio.
2Los hijos de Jafet: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javán, Tubal, Mesec y Tiras.
3Los hijos de Gomer: Askenaz, Rifat y Togarma.
4Los hijos de Javán: Elisa, Tarsis, Quitim y Dodanim.
5De estos se poblaron las costas, cada cual según su lengua, conforme a sus familias en sus naciones.
6Los hijos de Cam: Cus, Mizraim, Fut y Canaán.
7Y los hijos de Cus: Seba, Havila, Sabta, Raama y Sabteca. Y los hijos de Raama: Seba y Dedán.
8Y Cus engendró a Nimrod, quien llegó a ser el primer poderoso en la tierra.
9Este fue vigoroso cazador delante de Jehová; por lo cual se dice: Así como Nimrod, vigoroso cazador delante de Jehová.
10Y fue el comienzo de su reino Babel, Erec, Acad y Calne, en la tierra de Sinar.
11De esta tierra salió para Asiria, y edificó Nínive, Rehobot, Cala,
12y Resén entre Nínive y Cala, la cual es ciudad grande.
13Mizraim engendró a Ludim, a Anamim, a Lehabim, a Naftuhim,
14a Patrusim, a Casluhim, de donde salieron los filisteos, y a Caftorim.
15Y Canaán engendró a Sidón su primogénito, a Het,
16al jebuseo, al amorreo, al gergeseo,
17al heveo, al araceo, al sineo,
18al arvadeo, al zemareo y al hamateo; y después se dispersaron las familias de los cananeos.
19Y fue el territorio de los cananeos desde Sidón, en dirección a Gerar, hasta Gaza; y en dirección de Sodoma, Gomorra, Adma y Zeboim, hasta Lasa.
20Estos son los hijos de Cam por sus familias, por sus lenguas, en sus tierras, en sus naciones.
21También le nacieron hijos a Sem, padre de todos los hijos de Heber, y hermano mayor de Jafet.
22Los hijos de Sem fueron Elam, Asur, Arfaxad, Lud y Aram.
23Y los hijos de Aram: Uz, Hul, Geter y Mas.
24Arfaxad engendró a Sala, y Sala engendró a Heber.
25Y a Heber nacieron dos hijos: el nombre del uno fue Peleg, porque en sus días fue repartida la tierra; y el nombre de su hermano, Joctán.
26Y Joctán engendró a Almodad, Selef, Hazar-mavet, Jera,
27Adoram, Uzal, Dicla,
28Obal, Abimael, Seba,
29Ofir, Havila y Jobab; todos estos fueron hijos de Joctán.
30Y la tierra en que habitaron fue desde Mesa en dirección de Sefar, hasta la región montañosa del oriente.
31Estos fueron los hijos de Sem por sus familias, por sus lenguas, en sus tierras, en sus naciones.
32Estas son las familias de los hijos de Noé por sus descendencias, en sus naciones; y de estos se esparcieron las naciones en la tierra después del diluvio.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
I
Versículo 1
I. 10:1–11:9 The fifth account (10:1) in Genesis (see study note on 2:4) unites the Table of Nations…
10:1–11:9 The fifth account (10:1) in Genesis (see study note on 2:4) unites the Table of Nations (10:2-32) and the Babel story (11:1-9) around the theme of scattering the nations (10:5, 18; 11:4, 8-9). The Table of Nations precedes the Babel story even though the Babel incident caused the geopolitical situation reflected in the Table of Nations. By reversing the order, Genesis links the repopulation of the earth with the blessing conferred upon Noah and his sons (see 9:1 and study note) and shows that Abram’s call (12:1-3) was God’s solution to the problem of human estrangement from God as reflected in the Babel story (11:1-9).
10:1 Many children were born . . . after the great flood: This fulfilled the renewed creation mandate (9:1, 9; cp. 1:28).
II
Versículo 2
II. 10:2-32 This section describes the ancestral origin of the nations of the ancient Near East. Ham …
10:2-32 This section describes the ancestral origin of the nations of the ancient Near East. Ham was at the center (10:6-20), while the descendants of Japheth and Shem spread out to the surrounding regions of Greece, Crete, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Madai, the Arabian peninsula, and northeast Africa. The list selectively highlights nations relevant to Israel. The total of seventy (seven times ten) names indicates completeness (see 46:27; Deut 32:8) and symbolizes the totality of the world, which would later be blessed by the descendants of Abraham (Gen 18:18). • Although Shem is mentioned first in 10:1, he is addressed last in the Table because of his connection to Abram (10:21-31; 11:10-32; 12:1). Although God established the boundaries of all nations (see Deut 32:8; Amos 9:7; Acts 17:26), Israel was his special creation—a microcosm of seventy people (Gen 46:27) called to be a blessing to a world of seventy nations (see 12:3).
10:2 The seven sons of Japheth settled in the region of Anatolia (the western plateau lands of Turkey) and spoke Indo-European languages. • Gomer was the ancestor of the later Cimmerians who lived north of the Black Sea. • Magog was probably the ancestor of those who settled in the region of Lydia (see Ezek 38:2). • The descendants of Madai were the later Medes of northwest Iran (see 2 Kgs 17:6; Jer 51:11; Dan 5:28). • The descendants of Javan were the later Ionian Greeks. • The descendants of Tubal and Meshech were sometimes allies in battle (Ezek 38:2). Both were possibly from the coastal regions of Anatolia (see Ezek 27:13). • The descendants of Tiras possibly became the Thracians that lived near the Aegean Sea.
III
Versículo 3
III. 10:3 The descendants of Gomer came from near the Upper Euphrates region north of the Black Sea (c…
10:3 The descendants of Gomer came from near the Upper Euphrates region north of the Black Sea (cp. Ezek 38:1-9). • The descendants of Ashkenaz were the later Scythians who inhabited the region between the Black and Caspian Seas. • Riphath is near Carchemish. • The descendants of Togarmah are associated with Til-garimmu, the capital of Kammanu in modern Armenia (see Ezek 38:6).
IV
Versículo 4
IV. 10:4 Elishah is probably Cyprus. • Tarshish is possibly southwest Spain (see study note on Jon 1:…
10:4 Elishah is probably Cyprus. • Tarshish is possibly southwest Spain (see study note on Jon 1:3). • The Kittim were inhabitants of southern Cyprus. • The Rodanim were inhabitants of the island of Rhodes, later a territory of Greece.
V
Versículo 5
V. 10:5 seafaring peoples . . . various lands: They settled around the Mediterranean and on various …
10:5 seafaring peoples . . . various lands: They settled around the Mediterranean and on various islands. • language: This occurred after the Tower of Babel episode (11:1-9; see study note on 10:1–11:9).
VI
Versículo 6
VI. 10:6 The peoples descended from Ham’s four sons (Egyptians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Canaanites) w…
10:6 The peoples descended from Ham’s four sons (Egyptians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Canaanites) were Israel’s most hostile neighbors. • Cush was possibly in Ethiopia or ancient Nubia (northern Sudan). • Mizraim was the ancient name for Egypt (50:11). • Put was in Libya. • Canaan encompassed southern Syria, Phoenicia, and Palestine west of the Jordan River. In Moses’ time, Egypt and Canaan were provinces of the same empire. Ham’s descendants were excluded from the blessing of Shem’s line (9:20-28).
VII
Versículo 7
VII. 10:7 The sons of Cush and Raamah together total seven. • Seba was in northern Africa (see Isa 43:…
10:7 The sons of Cush and Raamah together total seven. • Seba was in northern Africa (see Isa 43:3; 45:14). • Havilah was in southwest Arabia. • Sabtah was in southern Arabia, in ancient Hadramaut, near the Persian Gulf. • Raamah was in southwest Arabia near Najran. • Sabteca was in ancient Samudake near the Persian Gulf. • Sheba was a kingdom in southwest Arabia with commercial colonies (see 1 Kgs 10:1-29). • Dedan was in northern Arabia.
VIII
Versículo 8
VIII. 10:8-12 Special attention is given to the early history of Babylonia and Assyria, the Mesopotamia…
10:8-12 Special attention is given to the early history of Babylonia and Assyria, the Mesopotamian empires that would conquer and exile Israel and Judah.
IX
Versículo 9
IX. 10:9 Nimrod attained great fame by conquest and terror; his empire extended from Babylonia in the…
10:9 Nimrod attained great fame by conquest and terror; his empire extended from Babylonia in the south to Assyria in the north (10:10-12). • the greatest hunter in the world: Assyrian monarchs glorified their own power, often depicting themselves as valiant hunter-conquerors.
X
Versículo 10
X. 10:10-12 Babylonia is the area surrounding the Tigris and Euphrates in southern Mesopotamia. This…
10:10-12 Babylonia is the area surrounding the Tigris and Euphrates in southern Mesopotamia. This kingdom eventually reached into northern Mesopotamia (Assyria). • Of the cities mentioned, Babylon is most important because of its role in building the Tower of Babel (see 11:4 and study note). • Erech was ancient Uruk and is now Warka in southern Iraq (see Ezra 4:9-10). • Akkad was the ancient Agade north of Babylon, home of the famous ruler Sargon (2370–2295 BC). • The location of Calneh is uncertain, though it is presumably one of Nimrod’s cities located north of Aram-naharaim in southern Mesopotamia (cp. Amos 6:2). • building . . . Nineveh: Like Cain, Nimrod built cities (see Gen 4:17 and comments). Nineveh was an ancient Assyrian city on the east bank of the Tigris River in northern Iraq. • Rehoboth-ir was a daughter-city of Nineveh or was located nearby. • Calah is modern Tell Nimrud, south of Nineveh. • Resen is possibly modern Selamiyeh, northwest of Tell Nimrud.
XI
Versículo 13
XI. 10:13-14 The Ludites were Lydian tribes west of the Nile delta. • The identity of the Anamites is…
10:13-14 The Ludites were Lydian tribes west of the Nile delta. • The identity of the Anamites is uncertain. They were possibly Egyptians near Cyrene, west of Egypt. • The Lehabites were possibly a Libyan tribe. • The Naphtuhites inhabited northern Egypt. • The Pathrusites inhabited southern Egypt. • The Casluhites possibly inhabited an Egyptian district also known as Cyrenaica. • The Caphtorites were Cretans (see Jer 47:4; Amos 9:7). • The Philistines from Crete were sea people who lived intermittently in southwest Canaan during the period of the Exodus and later (Exod 13:17; Amos 9:7). They were among Israel’s most troublesome enemies during the early monarchy (see 1–2 Samuel).
XII
Versículo 15
XII. 10:15-18 Sidon settled in Phoenicia, north of Canaan. • Hittites: The Hittites in Genesis were a …
10:15-18 Sidon settled in Phoenicia, north of Canaan. • Hittites: The Hittites in Genesis were a coalition of cities within Canaan (see 26:34-35; 27:46; Ezek 16:3). They were probably not the same as the Hittites of Anatolia (Asia Minor), whose empire was one of the great empires of antiquity during the patriarchal period. • The Jebusites were ancient inhabitants of Jerusalem (Josh 15:63; Judg 19:10-11; 2 Sam 5:6-9). • The Amorites lived throughout the mountains of Palestine in Canaan (see Gen 15:16; 48:22; Num 13:29; Deut 3:8; Josh 10:5; Judg 1:35; 10:8; Ezek 16:3). • Little is known of the Girgashites, a Canaanite tribe (Gen 15:21; Deut 7:1; Josh 3:10). • The Hivites were an uncircumcised Canaanite tribe (Gen 34:2, 13-24; Josh 9:1, 7; 11:3; Judg 3:3; 2 Sam 24:7). • The Arkites resided in Tell ’Arqa in Lebanon. • The Sinites formed a city-state and inhabited Phoenicia. • The Arvadites inhabited Ruad in northern Phoenicia, near the El Kebir River. They were known for shipping (cp. Ezek 27:8). • The Zemarites inhabited Sumur (modern Sumra), north of Arka on the Phoenician coast. • The Hamathites founded what is now Hama on the Orontes River, the northern boundary of Canaan (see Num 34:8; Josh 13:5; 2 Sam 8:9-10; 1 Kgs 8:65; 2 Kgs 14:25-28).
XIII
Versículo 19
XIII. 10:19 The territory of Canaan is specifically marked off because it would be taken from its inhab…
10:19 The territory of Canaan is specifically marked off because it would be taken from its inhabitants and given to Israel (see 15:18; Num 34:2-12; Ezek 47:15-20; 48:1-28). • An ancient north-south seacoast highway (the Via Maris) extended from Sidon . . . to Gerar, connecting Egypt to Mesopotamia. • Modern Gaza is 11 miles northwest of Gerar. • Sodom and Gomorrah were cities on the border of the land southeast of the Dead Sea. • Admah and Zeboiim are mentioned 15 times in connection with Sodom and Gomorrah (14:2, 8; Deut 29:23; see Hos 11:8). All four cities were destroyed by God to cleanse the land (see Gen 19). • Lasha was possibly in the northern region of the Dead Sea.
XIV
Versículo 21
XIV. 10:21 Shem, the older brother of Japheth, was the father of the Semitic peoples. The descendants …
10:21 Shem, the older brother of Japheth, was the father of the Semitic peoples. The descendants listed represent countries east of Israel (modern Iraq, Iran, and Syria). The narrator lists these locations within Mesopotamia since Abram, the father of Israel, originated from this area (see 11:27-32). • Eber receives special attention because of his connection with Abram (see study note on 10:24).
XV
Versículo 22
XV. 10:22 The descendants of Elam lived in the region of modern southwestern Iran (see 14:1, 9; Ezra …
10:22 The descendants of Elam lived in the region of modern southwestern Iran (see 14:1, 9; Ezra 4:9; Isa 11:11). • The descendants of Asshur were later Assyrians who lived under Nimrod’s jurisdiction (see Gen 10:11). Sumerians descended from Ham were ousted by Mesopotamian Semites. • Arphaxad possibly settled northeast of Nineveh; his descendants are further described in 11:12-26. • Lud was near the Tigris River; its people were related to the Lydians (see 10:13). • Aram was a kingdom of tribes that lived in the Mesopotamian plains.
16
Versículo 23
16. 10:23 The patriarchs later interacted with the descendants of Aram (see 25:20; 31:20; Deut 26:5).…
10:23 The patriarchs later interacted with the descendants of Aram (see 25:20; 31:20; Deut 26:5). • Uz was the chief Aramean tribe, possibly located northeast of the Jordan; it was Job’s home (see Job 1:1; see also Lam 4:21). • Hul is unknown. He possibly founded Armenia. • Gether is unknown; he was possibly the founder of the Syrians. • Mash might be associated with Mount Masus in northern Mesopotamia or with a part of the Lebanon Mountains.
17
Versículo 24
17. 10:24 Shelah is unknown, but may be short for Methushelah (cp. 38:5, 11). • Eber was the ancestor…
10:24 Shelah is unknown, but may be short for Methushelah (cp. 38:5, 11). • Eber was the ancestor of Abram the Hebrew (11:10-26); his name is at the root of the term “Hebrew” (see 14:13; 39:14; 40:15; 41:12; Exod 2:11; 3:18).
18
Versículo 25
18. 10:25 Peleg means division, anticipating the separation of people into language groups after Babe…
10:25 Peleg means division, anticipating the separation of people into language groups after Babel (11:1-9). Peleg’s line led to Abram (see 11:16-26). • Joktan was the ancestor of the southern Arabian tribes. The Ishmaelite tribes were in northern Arabia (see 25:13-16).
19
Versículo 26
19. 10:26-32 There were fourteen sons of Shem by Eber through Joktan. The placement of the Babel stor…
10:26-32 There were fourteen sons of Shem by Eber through Joktan. The placement of the Babel story between the lines of Joktan and Peleg ties Joktan to the judgment of the Babel story (11:1-9) and ties Peleg to Abram (11:27–12:1).
10:26-29 Almodad was an ancestor, region, or tribe in modern Yemen. • Sheleph was a tribe of Yemen. • Hazarmaveth was related to Hadramaut in southern Arabia. • Jerah is unknown, but was possibly associated with Mount Barach. • Hadoram was an Arabian tribe. • Uzal was Sana’a, an old capital of Yemen in pre-Islamic times. • Diklah was a southern Arabian oasis in Mina. • Obal was between Hodeida and Sana’a in southwest Arabia. • Abimael was a Sabaean. • Sheba was in southern Arabia (see 10:7). • Ophir was a region of southern Arabia between Sheba and Havilah; it was a source of gold (Isa 13:12). • Havilah: See 10:7. • Jobab was possibly Jobebitai in southern Arabia.
20
Versículo 30
20. 10:30 Mesha was a region in northern Arabia, south of Hadramaut. • Sephar is identified with Isfa…
10:30 Mesha was a region in northern Arabia, south of Hadramaut. • Sephar is identified with Isfar, south of Hadramaut in Yemen.
Antiguo Testamento
Genesis — Capítulo 10
Genesis is the book of beginnings—of the universe and of humanity, of sin and its catastrophic effects, and of God’s plan to restore blessing to the world through his chosen people. God began his plan when he called Abraham and made a covenant with him. Genesis traces God’s promised blessings from generation to generation, to the time of bondage and the need for redemption from Egypt. It lays t…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Estas son las generaciones de los hijos de Noé: Sem, Cam y Jafet, a quienes nacieron hijos después del diluvio.
2Los hijos de Jafet: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javán, Tubal, Mesec y Tiras.
3Los hijos de Gomer: Askenaz, Rifat y Togarma.
4Los hijos de Javán: Elisa, Tarsis, Quitim y Dodanim.
5De estos se poblaron las costas, cada cual según su lengua, conforme a sus familias en sus naciones.
6Los hijos de Cam: Cus, Mizraim, Fut y Canaán.
7Y los hijos de Cus: Seba, Havila, Sabta, Raama y Sabteca. Y los hijos de Raama: Seba y Dedán.
8Y Cus engendró a Nimrod, quien llegó a ser el primer poderoso en la tierra.
9Este fue vigoroso cazador delante de Jehová; por lo cual se dice: Así como Nimrod, vigoroso cazador delante de Jehová.
10Y fue el comienzo de su reino Babel, Erec, Acad y Calne, en la tierra de Sinar.
11De esta tierra salió para Asiria, y edificó Nínive, Rehobot, Cala,
12y Resén entre Nínive y Cala, la cual es ciudad grande.
13Mizraim engendró a Ludim, a Anamim, a Lehabim, a Naftuhim,
14a Patrusim, a Casluhim, de donde salieron los filisteos, y a Caftorim.
15Y Canaán engendró a Sidón su primogénito, a Het,
16al jebuseo, al amorreo, al gergeseo,
17al heveo, al araceo, al sineo,
18al arvadeo, al zemareo y al hamateo; y después se dispersaron las familias de los cananeos.
19Y fue el territorio de los cananeos desde Sidón, en dirección a Gerar, hasta Gaza; y en dirección de Sodoma, Gomorra, Adma y Zeboim, hasta Lasa.
20Estos son los hijos de Cam por sus familias, por sus lenguas, en sus tierras, en sus naciones.
21También le nacieron hijos a Sem, padre de todos los hijos de Heber, y hermano mayor de Jafet.
22Los hijos de Sem fueron Elam, Asur, Arfaxad, Lud y Aram.
23Y los hijos de Aram: Uz, Hul, Geter y Mas.
24Arfaxad engendró a Sala, y Sala engendró a Heber.
25Y a Heber nacieron dos hijos: el nombre del uno fue Peleg, porque en sus días fue repartida la tierra; y el nombre de su hermano, Joctán.
26Y Joctán engendró a Almodad, Selef, Hazar-mavet, Jera,
27Adoram, Uzal, Dicla,
28Obal, Abimael, Seba,
29Ofir, Havila y Jobab; todos estos fueron hijos de Joctán.
30Y la tierra en que habitaron fue desde Mesa en dirección de Sefar, hasta la región montañosa del oriente.
31Estos fueron los hijos de Sem por sus familias, por sus lenguas, en sus tierras, en sus naciones.
32Estas son las familias de los hijos de Noé por sus descendencias, en sus naciones; y de estos se esparcieron las naciones en la tierra después del diluvio.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
Versículo 1
I. 10:1–11:9 The fifth account (10:1) in Genesis (see study note on 2:4) unites the Table of Nations…
Versículo 2
II. 10:2-32 This section describes the ancestral origin of the nations of the ancient Near East. Ham …
Versículo 3
III. 10:3 The descendants of Gomer came from near the Upper Euphrates region north of the Black Sea (c…
Versículo 4
IV. 10:4 Elishah is probably Cyprus. • Tarshish is possibly southwest Spain (see study note on Jon 1:…
Versículo 5
V. 10:5 seafaring peoples . . . various lands: They settled around the Mediterranean and on various …
Versículo 6
VI. 10:6 The peoples descended from Ham’s four sons (Egyptians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Canaanites) w…
Versículo 7
VII. 10:7 The sons of Cush and Raamah together total seven. • Seba was in northern Africa (see Isa 43:…
Versículo 8
VIII. 10:8-12 Special attention is given to the early history of Babylonia and Assyria, the Mesopotamia…
Versículo 9
IX. 10:9 Nimrod attained great fame by conquest and terror; his empire extended from Babylonia in the…
Versículo 10
X. 10:10-12 Babylonia is the area surrounding the Tigris and Euphrates in southern Mesopotamia. This…
Versículo 13
XI. 10:13-14 The Ludites were Lydian tribes west of the Nile delta. • The identity of the Anamites is…
Versículo 15
XII. 10:15-18 Sidon settled in Phoenicia, north of Canaan. • Hittites: The Hittites in Genesis were a …
Versículo 19
XIII. 10:19 The territory of Canaan is specifically marked off because it would be taken from its inhab…
Versículo 21
XIV. 10:21 Shem, the older brother of Japheth, was the father of the Semitic peoples. The descendants …
Versículo 22
XV. 10:22 The descendants of Elam lived in the region of modern southwestern Iran (see 14:1, 9; Ezra …
Versículo 23
16. 10:23 The patriarchs later interacted with the descendants of Aram (see 25:20; 31:20; Deut 26:5).…
Versículo 24
17. 10:24 Shelah is unknown, but may be short for Methushelah (cp. 38:5, 11). • Eber was the ancestor…
Versículo 25
18. 10:25 Peleg means division, anticipating the separation of people into language groups after Babe…
Versículo 26
19. 10:26-32 There were fourteen sons of Shem by Eber through Joktan. The placement of the Babel stor…
Versículo 30
20. 10:30 Mesha was a region in northern Arabia, south of Hadramaut. • Sephar is identified with Isfa…