Antiguo Testamento

Deuteronomy — Capítulo 15

God first revealed Israel’s national “constitution” to Moses at Sinai (Exod 20–23). The great leader Moses was now about to die. God had appointed a younger man, Joshua, to replace Moses, but he was not yet fully tested. Israel had been rescued from slavery in Egypt and miraculously preserved through forty years of wandering in the wilderness. The Israelites now stood on the verge of entering t…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Cada siete años harás remisión.

2Y esta es la manera de la remisión: perdonará a su deudor todo aquel que hizo empréstito de su mano, con el cual obligó a su prójimo; no lo demandará más a su prójimo, o a su hermano, porque es pregonada la remisión de Jehová.

3Del extranjero demandarás el reintegro; pero lo que tu hermano tuviere tuyo, lo perdonará tu mano,

4para que así no haya en medio de ti mendigo; porque Jehová te bendecirá con abundancia en la tierra que Jehová tu Dios te da por heredad para que la tomes en posesión,

5si escuchares fielmente la voz de Jehová tu Dios, para guardar y cumplir todos estos mandamientos que yo te ordeno hoy.

6Ya que Jehová tu Dios te habrá bendecido, como te ha dicho, prestarás entonces a muchas naciones, mas tú no tomarás prestado; tendrás dominio sobre muchas naciones, pero sobre ti no tendrán dominio.

7Cuando haya en medio de ti menesteroso de alguno de tus hermanos en alguna de tus ciudades, en la tierra que Jehová tu Dios te da, no endurecerás tu corazón, ni cerrarás tu mano contra tu hermano pobre,

8sino abrirás a él tu mano liberalmente, y en efecto le prestarás lo que necesite.

9Guárdate de tener en tu corazón pensamiento perverso, diciendo: Cerca está el año séptimo, el de la remisión, y mires con malos ojos a tu hermano menesteroso para no darle; porque él podrá clamar contra ti a Jehová, y se te contará por pecado.

10Sin falta le darás, y no serás de mezquino corazón cuando le des; porque por ello te bendecirá Jehová tu Dios en todos tus hechos, y en todo lo que emprendas.

11Porque no faltarán menesterosos en medio de la tierra; por eso yo te mando, diciendo: Abrirás tu mano a tu hermano, al pobre y al menesteroso en tu tierra.

12Si se vendiere a ti tu hermano hebreo o hebrea, y te hubiere servido seis años, al séptimo le despedirás libre.

13Y cuando lo despidieres libre, no le enviarás con las manos vacías.

14Le abastecerás liberalmente de tus ovejas, de tu era y de tu lagar; le darás de aquello en que Jehová te hubiere bendecido.

15Y te acordarás de que fuiste siervo en la tierra de Egipto, y que Jehová tu Dios te rescató; por tanto yo te mando esto hoy.

16Si él te dijere: No te dejaré; porque te ama a ti y a tu casa, y porque le va bien contigo;

17entonces tomarás una lesna, y horadarás su oreja contra la puerta, y será tu siervo para siempre; así también harás a tu criada.

18No te parezca duro cuando le enviares libre, pues por la mitad del costo de un jornalero te sirvió seis años; y Jehová tu Dios te bendecirá en todo cuanto hicieres.

19Consagrarás a Jehová tu Dios todo primogénito macho de tus vacas y de tus ovejas; no te servirás del primogénito de tus vacas, ni trasquilarás el primogénito de tus ovejas.

20Delante de Jehová tu Dios los comerás cada año, tú y tu familia, en el lugar que Jehová escogiere.

21Y si hubiere en él defecto, si fuere ciego, o cojo, o hubiere en él cualquier falta, no lo sacrificarás a Jehová tu Dios.

22En tus poblaciones lo comerás; el inmundo lo mismo que el limpio comerán de él, como de una gacela o de un ciervo.

23Solamente que no comas su sangre; sobre la tierra la derramarás como agua.

TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES

Versículo 1

I. 15:1-23 The Law included the regulation of borrowing and lending so that the poor could survive d…

15:1-23 The Law included the regulation of borrowing and lending so that the poor could survive deprivation. It provided restrictions to allow the rich to minister to the needs of the poor without exploiting them. 15:1 cancel the debts: This technical term refers to releasing people in financial bondage from their creditors and from any penalty for their default.

Versículo 2

II. 15:2 The time of release was to occur every seventh year across the nation (the Sabbath year, Lev…

15:2 The time of release was to occur every seventh year across the nation (the Sabbath year, Lev 25:1-7). The time frame followed the calendar rather than the length of the loan arrangement. This meant that the year of release could fall as soon as a year after a loan was made.

Versículo 4

III. 15:4 If Israel lived in perfect obedience to the covenant, there would be no poor in the nation. …

15:4 If Israel lived in perfect obedience to the covenant, there would be no poor in the nation. However, this ideal was never realized in ancient Israel, and poverty was very much an issue.

Versículo 6

IV. 15:6 You will lend money to many nations: An obedient Israel would become an affluent nation able…

15:6 You will lend money to many nations: An obedient Israel would become an affluent nation able to provide international aid. This bounty would bear testimony to God’s promise to Abraham that his seed would be a blessing to all nations (Gen 12:2-3; 17:4-6; 26:3-4).

Versículo 11

V. 15:11 The reality that there will always be some . . . who are poor in a fallen world is no excus…

15:11 The reality that there will always be some . . . who are poor in a fallen world is no excuse for indifference to their plight. Instead, it should emphasize the need for the rich to contribute to the well-being of the poor (Matt 26:6-13).

Versículo 12

VI. 15:12 If a fellow Hebrew sells himself or herself to be your servant: This arrangement allowed a …

15:12 If a fellow Hebrew sells himself or herself to be your servant: This arrangement allowed a debtor to work off financial obligations to a creditor. The limit of this arrangement was seven years (but see 15:16-17).

Versículo 16

VII. 15:16 he loves you: In the context of a covenant, this phrase speaks of a binding relationship wi…

15:16 he loves you: In the context of a covenant, this phrase speaks of a binding relationship with both legal and emotional overtones.

Versículo 17

VIII. 15:17 push it through his earlobe: This disfigurement publicly indicated that a bondservant had v…

15:17 push it through his earlobe: This disfigurement publicly indicated that a bondservant had voluntarily indentured himself to his master for life. This might be what Paul meant when he said “I bear on my body the scars that show I belong to Jesus” (Gal 6:17).

Versículo 18

IX. 15:18 worth double the wages: Because a bondservant worked all day, every day, his output was mor…

15:18 worth double the wages: Because a bondservant worked all day, every day, his output was more than that of a day laborer, who merely put in his shift.

Versículo 19

X. 15:19 The firstborn males of livestock represented the firstborn sons of Israel who had been spar…

15:19 The firstborn males of livestock represented the firstborn sons of Israel who had been spared from death in the tenth plague (Exod 12:12, 29; 13:2, 12; 22:29).

Versículo 21

XI. 15:21 A defect was any imperfection that devalued an animal; it was no sacrifice to give up somet…

15:21 A defect was any imperfection that devalued an animal; it was no sacrifice to give up something that was of little or no worth to begin with (2 Sam 24:24).

Versículo 23

XII. 15:23 The blood of an animal was seen as synonymous with its life, the most sacred of God’s creat…

15:23 The blood of an animal was seen as synonymous with its life, the most sacred of God’s creations, so it was sacrilegious to consume it (see 12:16).

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Deuteronomy — Capítulo 15