Antiguo Testamento

2 Samuel — Capítulo 1

David’s ascension to power over all the tribes of Israel was lined with violence, politics, and intrigue. David was far from a perfect king—he committed adultery, then committed murder to cover it up, and chaos ensued in his family and the nation. Yet God was eternally committed to David and his descendants. He protected David during the many challenges to his authority and mercifully forgave a…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Aconteció después de la muerte de Saúl, que vuelto David de la derrota de los amalecitas, estuvo dos días en Siclag.

2Al tercer día, sucedió que vino uno del campamento de Saúl, rotos sus vestidos, y tierra sobre su cabeza; y llegando a David, se postró en tierra e hizo reverencia.

3Y le preguntó David: ¿De dónde vienes? Y él respondió: Me he escapado del campamento de Israel.

4David le dijo: ¿Qué ha acontecido? Te ruego que me lo digas. Y él respondió: El pueblo huyó de la batalla, y también muchos del pueblo cayeron y son muertos; también Saúl y Jonatán su hijo murieron.

5Dijo David a aquel joven que le daba las nuevas: ¿Cómo sabes que han muerto Saúl y Jonatán su hijo?

6El joven que le daba las nuevas respondió: Casualmente vine al monte de Gilboa, y hallé a Saúl que se apoyaba sobre su lanza, y venían tras él carros y gente de a caballo.

7Y mirando él hacia atrás, me vio y me llamó; y yo dije: Heme aquí.

8Y me preguntó: ¿Quién eres tú? Y yo le respondí: Soy amalecita.

9Él me volvió a decir: Te ruego que te pongas sobre mí y me mates, porque se ha apoderado de mí la angustia; pues mi vida está aún toda en mí.

10Yo entonces me puse sobre él y le maté, porque sabía que no podía vivir después de su caída; y tomé la corona que tenía en su cabeza, y la argolla que traía en su brazo, y las he traído acá a mi señor.

11Entonces David, asiendo de sus vestidos, los rasgó; y lo mismo hicieron los hombres que estaban con él.

12Y lloraron y lamentaron y ayunaron hasta la noche, por Saúl y por Jonatán su hijo, por el pueblo de Jehová y por la casa de Israel, porque habían caído a filo de espada.

13Y David dijo a aquel joven que le había traído las nuevas: ¿De dónde eres tú? Y él respondió: Yo soy hijo de un extranjero, amalecita.

14Y le dijo David: ¿Cómo no tuviste temor de extender tu mano para matar al ungido de Jehová?

15Entonces llamó David a uno de sus hombres, y le dijo: Ve y mátalo. Y él lo hirió, y murió.

16Y David le dijo: Tu sangre sea sobre tu cabeza, pues tu misma boca atestiguó contra ti, diciendo: Yo maté al ungido de Jehová.

17Y endechó David a Saúl y a Jonatán su hijo con esta endecha,

18y dijo que debía enseñarse a los hijos de Judá. He aquí que está escrito en el libro de Jaser.

19¡Ha perecido la gloria de Israel sobre tus alturas! ¡Cómo han caído los valientes!

20No lo anunciéis en Gat, Ni deis las nuevas en las plazas de Ascalón; Para que no se alegren las hijas de los filisteos, Para que no salten de gozo las hijas de los incircuncisos.

21Montes de Gilboa, Ni rocío ni lluvia caiga sobre vosotros, ni seáis tierras de ofrendas; Porque allí fue desechado el escudo de los valientes, El escudo de Saúl, como si no hubiera sido ungido con aceite.

22Sin sangre de los muertos, sin grosura de los valientes, El arco de Jonatán no volvía atrás, Ni la espada de Saúl volvió vacía.

23Saúl y Jonatán, amados y queridos; Inseparables en su vida, tampoco en su muerte fueron separados; Más ligeros eran que águilas, Más fuertes que leones.

24Hijas de Israel, llorad por Saúl, Quien os vestía de escarlata con deleites, Quien adornaba vuestras ropas con ornamentos de oro.

25¡Cómo han caído los valientes en medio de la batalla! ¡Jonatán, muerto en tus alturas!

26Angustia tengo por ti, hermano mío Jonatán, Que me fuiste muy dulce. Más maravilloso me fue tu amor Que el amor de las mujeres.

27¡Cómo han caído los valientes, Han perecido las armas de guerra!

TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES

Versículo 1

I. 1:1-27 The forty years of Saul’s reign came to a painful end. The Philistines inflicted a crushin…

1:1-27 The forty years of Saul’s reign came to a painful end. The Philistines inflicted a crushing blow on Saul’s people, killing his sons and dismembering Saul’s body after his suicide (1 Sam 31). On the heels of these tragedies, David’s career as leader came into focus. 1:1-16 An unnamed Amalekite sought out David, claiming to have killed Saul. This was a lie, as Saul had committed suicide (1 Sam 31:4-6). The Amalekite might have hoped that David would reward him for making it possible for David to assume the throne. Instead, David ordered him killed for harming the Lord’s anointed. 1:1 David returned from his victory: Just prior to this encounter, David and his men had killed many Amalekites because of what they had done to David’s city and family (see 1 Sam 30).

Versículo 4

II. 1:4 What happened? David was not aware of what had happened to Saul—he had no part in Saul’s deat…

1:4 What happened? David was not aware of what had happened to Saul—he had no part in Saul’s death. • Saul and . . . Jonathan are also dead: Two other sons of Saul, Abinadab and Malkishua, were killed as well (1 Sam 31:2). The Amalekite was either unaware of their deaths or he mentioned only the son who would stand in the way of David’s uncontested path to Israel’s throne.

Versículo 6

III. 1:6 The Amalekite man’s second lie is, I happened to be on Mount Gilboa. Instead, he had probably…

1:6 The Amalekite man’s second lie is, I happened to be on Mount Gilboa. Instead, he had probably scoured the area after the battle, looking for victims whose valuables he could take.

Versículo 9

IV. 1:9 Then he begged me: This is the Amalekite’s third lie; instead, Saul was probably already dead…

1:9 Then he begged me: This is the Amalekite’s third lie; instead, Saul was probably already dead (cp. 1 Sam 31:4-6).

Versículo 10

V. 1:10 The Amalekite apparently got to Saul’s corpse before the Philistines did, for they would not…

1:10 The Amalekite apparently got to Saul’s corpse before the Philistines did, for they would not have left royal items such as his crown and his armband on his body. • Israel’s king wore a crown (Hebrew nezer, “consecration”) as a sign of his consecration to God and status as the Lord’s anointed (1:14).

Versículo 13

VI. 1:13 Where are you from? David’s asking again (1:8) likely reflects the depth of his grief.

1:13 Where are you from? David’s asking again (1:8) likely reflects the depth of his grief.

Versículo 15

VII. 1:15-16 The Amalekite expected a reward for killing David’s rival but was instead condemned for k…

1:15-16 The Amalekite expected a reward for killing David’s rival but was instead condemned for killing the Lord’s anointed. David himself had twice refused the opportunity to kill Saul (see 1 Sam 24:5-7; 26:9-11).

Versículo 18

VIII. 1:18 The extrabiblical Book of Jashar is no longer available. It was probably an Israelite epic p…

1:18 The extrabiblical Book of Jashar is no longer available. It was probably an Israelite epic poem or an anthology of poetry that covered, at minimum, Joshua’s conquest of Canaan (see Josh 10:13) and the ascension of David.

Versículo 19

IX. 1:19 Your pride and joy: David’s description focused more on Saul’s royal position than on his pe…

1:19 Your pride and joy: David’s description focused more on Saul’s royal position than on his personal characteristics.

Versículo 20

X. 1:20 Gath and Ashkelon were major Philistine cities. Announcing the news of Saul’s death to the P…

1:20 Gath and Ashkelon were major Philistine cities. Announcing the news of Saul’s death to the Philistines would give this hated foe the opportunity to gloat and glorify their false god, Dagon, while mocking Israel’s God, Yahweh. • daughters of the Philistines: In ancient war culture, young women sometimes celebrated victories in song (cp. Exod 15:20-21; 1 Sam 18:7).

Versículo 21

XI. 1:21 Saul and Jonathan died in the mountains of Gilboa (1 Sam 31:1). • let there be no dew or rai…

1:21 Saul and Jonathan died in the mountains of Gilboa (1 Sam 31:1). • let there be no dew or rain: David was invoking a curse on the place of their death. In a Canaanite text from the 1300s BC, a father invokes a very similar curse on the place of his son’s death. • The shield of Saul symbolizes his military exploits as king. It would no longer be anointed with oil for the same reason that Saul was no longer the anointed king, because of his death.

Versículo 22

XII. 1:22 the blood of their enemies: Saul and Jonathan were known as military heroes (see 1 Sam 11:1-…

1:22 the blood of their enemies: Saul and Jonathan were known as military heroes (see 1 Sam 11:1-11; 14:1-23, 47-48), though neither to the degree that David was (1 Sam 18:7; 21:11).

Versículo 23

XIII. 1:23 beloved and gracious . . . together in life and in death: Although the relationship between …

1:23 beloved and gracious . . . together in life and in death: Although the relationship between Saul and Jonathan was strained, especially due to Saul’s treatment of David (see 1 Sam 20:30-33), Jonathan nevertheless fought and died alongside his father while defending Israel against the Philistine menace.

Versículo 26

XIV. 1:26 deeper than the love of women: Jonathan’s loyalty and friendship to David involved personal …

1:26 deeper than the love of women: Jonathan’s loyalty and friendship to David involved personal risk and sacrifice. This commitment was unmatched in David’s experience, including the love of his wives. The phrase in no way implies a homosexual relationship. Jonathan’s love for David is highlighted three times in 1 Samuel (1 Sam 18:1, 3; 20:17).

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2 Samuel — Capítulo 1