Antiguo Testamento

1 Samuel — Capítulo 31

The right leadership can give people a sense of safety when neighboring nations are hostile. In Samuel’s time, Israel faced external threats and internal discord, and the judges only provided a fleeting sense of security. Israel wanted a king. The book of 1 Samuel records Israel’s transition from a federation of tribes to a centralized kingdom. Saul, Israel’s first king, did not remain faithful…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Los filisteos, pues, pelearon contra Israel, y los de Israel huyeron delante de los filisteos, y cayeron muertos en el monte de Gilboa.

2Y siguiendo los filisteos a Saúl y a sus hijos, mataron a Jonatán, a Abinadab y a Malquisúa, hijos de Saúl.

3Y arreció la batalla contra Saúl, y le alcanzaron los flecheros, y tuvo gran temor de ellos.

4Entonces dijo Saúl a su escudero: Saca tu espada, y traspásame con ella, para que no vengan estos incircuncisos y me traspasen, y me escarnezcan. Mas su escudero no quería, porque tenía gran temor. Entonces tomó Saúl su propia espada y se echó sobre ella.

5Y viendo su escudero a Saúl muerto, él también se echó sobre su espada, y murió con él.

6Así murió Saúl en aquel día, juntamente con sus tres hijos, y su escudero, y todos sus varones.

7Y los de Israel que eran del otro lado del valle, y del otro lado del Jordán, viendo que Israel había huido y que Saúl y sus hijos habían sido muertos, dejaron las ciudades y huyeron; y los filisteos vinieron y habitaron en ellas.

8Aconteció al siguiente día, que viniendo los filisteos a despojar a los muertos, hallaron a Saúl y a sus tres hijos tendidos en el monte de Gilboa.

9Y le cortaron la cabeza, y le despojaron de las armas; y enviaron mensajeros por toda la tierra de los filisteos, para que llevaran las buenas nuevas al templo de sus ídolos y al pueblo.

10Y pusieron sus armas en el templo de Astarot, y colgaron su cuerpo en el muro de Bet-sán.

11Mas oyendo los de Jabes de Galaad esto que los filisteos hicieron a Saúl,

12todos los hombres valientes se levantaron, y anduvieron toda aquella noche, y quitaron el cuerpo de Saúl y los cuerpos de sus hijos del muro de Bet-sán; y viniendo a Jabes, los quemaron allí.

13Y tomando sus huesos, los sepultaron debajo de un árbol en Jabes, y ayunaron siete días.

TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES

Versículo 1

I. 31:1-13 While David was in the south successfully fighting the Amalekites (ch 30), Saul was in th…

31:1-13 While David was in the south successfully fighting the Amalekites (ch 30), Saul was in the north unsuccessfully fighting the Philistines. 31:1 The Israelites fled southeast from the Jezreel Valley (29:1) to higher and hillier ground. With their chariots, the Philistines had the advantage in the more level valley. • Mount Gilboa is southwest of the Sea of Galilee, far from the territory of the Philistines.

Versículo 2

II. 31:2 Jonathan . . . Malkishua: See 14:49. This is the first mention of Saul’s son Abinadab (cp. 1…

31:2 Jonathan . . . Malkishua: See 14:49. This is the first mention of Saul’s son Abinadab (cp. 1 Chr 8:33; 9:39).

Versículo 4

III. 31:4 David had once held the position of armor bearer (16:21). • kill me: This is one of many par…

31:4 David had once held the position of armor bearer (16:21). • kill me: This is one of many parallels between the death of Abimelech in the time of the judges (Judg 9) and Saul, Israel’s first national king (cp. Judg 9:54).

Versículo 8

IV. 31:8 The victorious army would strip the dead to search for anything valuable (such as clothing, …

31:8 The victorious army would strip the dead to search for anything valuable (such as clothing, weapons, or jewelry) on the corpses.

Versículo 9

V. 31:9 In the ancient world, the death of an enemy king was good news, for it meant that the enemy’…

31:9 In the ancient world, the death of an enemy king was good news, for it meant that the enemy’s god had been defeated. However, little did the Philistines know that their victory would be short-lived and hollow. David, the Lord’s true anointed king, would soon come to power and pay back the Philistines mightily. Far from defeating Israel’s God, the Philistines were simply fulfilling his purpose.

Versículo 10

VI. 31:10 the Ashtoreths: See 7:3. • fastened his body: This practice further degraded the executed p…

31:10 the Ashtoreths: See 7:3. • fastened his body: This practice further degraded the executed person by depriving him of proper burial. It also served as a deterrent to other potential enemies (see also Gen 40:19; Deut 21:21-22; Josh 10:26; Esth 9:6-14). • Beth-shan was a short distance east of Mount Gilboa.

Versículo 11

VII. 31:11 The people of Jabesh-gilead were returning the favor Saul had done for them when he saved t…

31:11 The people of Jabesh-gilead were returning the favor Saul had done for them when he saved them from the Ammonites and their king Nahash (11:1-13). Jabesh-gilead was about twelve miles southeast of Beth-shan and across the Jordan River.

Versículo 12

VIII. 31:12 burned the bodies: Cremation was rare. It is possible the bodies were burned because decomp…

31:12 burned the bodies: Cremation was rare. It is possible the bodies were burned because decomposition had already set in.

Versículo 13

IX. 31:13 bones . . . Jabesh: This was not the final resting place of Saul’s remains (see 2 Sam 21:12…

31:13 bones . . . Jabesh: This was not the final resting place of Saul’s remains (see 2 Sam 21:12-14). • The ending of 1 Samuel brings Israel’s history back to the situation at the end of Judges, when “Israel had no king.” Once again, the Philistines were in control. David had God’s anointing but no crown. He had wives but no sons. His affiliation with the hated Philistines might jeopardize his standing among his own people. David’s future path would be challenging, but God was clearly with him.

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1 Samuel — Capítulo 31