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Luke — Capítulo 3

Luke describes the coming of Jesus as good news for the entire world—for people of every race, age, gender, ethnic group, and social position. With John the Baptist as his prophetic forerunner, Jesus came as the Son of God and as the Messiah, the King descended from David who defeats Satan and brings salvation and healing. As Jesus served and taught the people and proclaimed good news, the reli…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1En el año decimoquinto del imperio de Tiberio César, siendo gobernador de Judea Poncio Pilato, y Herodes tetrarca de Galilea, y su hermano Felipe tetrarca de Iturea y de la provincia de Traconite, y Lisanias tetrarca de Abilinia,

2y siendo sumos sacerdotes Anás y Caifás, vino palabra de Dios a Juan, hijo de Zacarías, en el desierto.

3Y él fue por toda la región contigua al Jordán, predicando el bautismo del arrepentimiento para perdón de pecados,

4como está escrito en el libro de las palabras del profeta Isaías, que dice: Voz del que clama en el desierto: Preparad el camino del Señor; Enderezad sus sendas.

5Todo valle se rellenará, Y se bajará todo monte y collado; Los caminos torcidos serán enderezados, Y los caminos ásperos allanados;

6Y verá toda carne la salvación de Dios.

7Y decía a las multitudes que salían para ser bautizadas por él: ¡Oh generación de víboras! ¿Quién os enseñó a huir de la ira venidera?

8Haced, pues, frutos dignos de arrepentimiento, y no comencéis a decir dentro de vosotros mismos: Tenemos a Abraham por padre; porque os digo que Dios puede levantar hijos a Abraham aun de estas piedras.

9Y ya también el hacha está puesta a la raíz de los árboles; por tanto, todo árbol que no da buen fruto se corta y se echa en el fuego.

10Y la gente le preguntaba, diciendo: Entonces, ¿qué haremos?

11Y respondiendo, les dijo: El que tiene dos túnicas, dé al que no tiene; y el que tiene qué comer, haga lo mismo.

12Vinieron también unos publicanos para ser bautizados, y le dijeron: Maestro, ¿qué haremos?

13Él les dijo: No exijáis más de lo que os está ordenado.

14También le preguntaron unos soldados, diciendo: Y nosotros, ¿qué haremos? Y les dijo: No hagáis extorsión a nadie, ni calumniéis; y contentaos con vuestro salario.

15Como el pueblo estaba en expectativa, preguntándose todos en sus corazones si acaso Juan sería el Cristo,

16respondió Juan, diciendo a todos: Yo a la verdad os bautizo en agua; pero viene uno más poderoso que yo, de quien no soy digno de desatar la correa de su calzado; él os bautizará en Espíritu Santo y fuego.

17Su aventador está en su mano, y limpiará su era, y recogerá el trigo en su granero, y quemará la paja en fuego que nunca se apagará.

18Con estas y otras muchas exhortaciones anunciaba las buenas nuevas al pueblo.

19Entonces Herodes el tetrarca, siendo reprendido por Juan a causa de Herodías, mujer de Felipe su hermano, y de todas las maldades que Herodes había hecho,

20sobre todas ellas, añadió además esta: encerró a Juan en la cárcel.

21Aconteció que cuando todo el pueblo se bautizaba, también Jesús fue bautizado; y orando, el cielo se abrió,

22y descendió el Espíritu Santo sobre él en forma corporal, como paloma, y vino una voz del cielo que decía: Tú eres mi Hijo amado; en ti tengo complacencia.

23Jesús mismo al comenzar su ministerio era como de treinta años, hijo, según se creía, de José, hijo de Elí,

24hijo de Matat, hijo de Leví, hijo de Melqui, hijo de Jana, hijo de José,

25hijo de Matatías, hijo de Amós, hijo de Nahum, hijo de Esli, hijo de Nagai,

26hijo de Maat, hijo de Matatías, hijo de Semei, hijo de José, hijo de Judá,

27hijo de Joana, hijo de Resa, hijo de Zorobabel, hijo de Salatiel, hijo de Neri,

28hijo de Melqui, hijo de Adi, hijo de Cosam, hijo de Elmodam, hijo de Er,

29hijo de Josué, hijo de Eliezer, hijo de Jorim, hijo de Matat,

30hijo de Leví, hijo de Simeón, hijo de Judá, hijo de José, hijo de Jonán, hijo de Eliaquim,

31hijo de Melea, hijo de Mainán, hijo de Matata, hijo de Natán,

32hijo de David, hijo de Isaí, hijo de Obed, hijo de Booz, hijo de Salmón, hijo de Naasón,

33hijo de Aminadab, hijo de Aram, hijo de Esrom, hijo de Fares, hijo de Judá,

34hijo de Jacob, hijo de Isaac, hijo de Abraham, hijo de Taré, hijo de Nacor,

35hijo de Serug, hijo de Ragau, hijo de Peleg, hijo de Heber, hijo de Sala,

36hijo de Cainán, hijo de Arfaxad, hijo de Sem, hijo de Noé, hijo de Lamec,

37hijo de Matusalén, hijo de Enoc, hijo de Jared, hijo de Mahalaleel, hijo de Cainán,

38hijo de Enós, hijo de Set, hijo de Adán, hijo de Dios.

TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES

Versículo 1

I. 3:1–4:13 After the birth narrative, Luke sets the stage for Jesus’ public ministry. He tells abou…

3:1–4:13 After the birth narrative, Luke sets the stage for Jesus’ public ministry. He tells about the ministry of John the Baptist as forerunner of the Messiah and Jesus’ baptism, genealogy, and temptation. 3:1 the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius: Tiberius Caesar became co-emperor with his stepfather Caesar Augustus in AD 11 and full emperor in AD 14, reigning until AD 37. Depending on which date Luke is referring to, John’s public ministry began around AD 26/27 or AD 29/30; Jesus began his own ministry shortly thereafter. • Pilate: Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea from AD 26–36 (see “Pontius Pilate” Profile). • Herod Antipas: See “Herod Antipas” Profile. • Antipas’s half brother Philip, another son of Herod the Great, was ruler (literally tetrarch) of the region northeast of Galilee from 4 BC until his death in AD 34. Tetrarch means “the ruler of a fourth of a kingdom”; the term came to mean any minor ruler. Philip the Tetrarch was a half brother of both Antipas and Herod Philip (Matt 14:3; Mark 6:17).

Versículo 2

II. 3:2 Annas and Caiaphas were the high priests: Annas was high priest AD 6–15 and was deposed by th…

3:2 Annas and Caiaphas were the high priests: Annas was high priest AD 6–15 and was deposed by the Romans; his son-in-law Caiaphas was the current high priest (AD 18–36). Luke lists both names because Annas still wielded significant power behind the scenes (see John 18:13-14, 24; Acts 4:6). • a message from God came to John: John’s calling as a prophet was similar to that of the Old Testament prophets (see, e.g., Isa 6; Jer 1).

Versículo 3

III. 3:3 people should be baptized to show that they had repented of their sins and turned to God: Joh…

3:3 people should be baptized to show that they had repented of their sins and turned to God: John seems to have adapted the practice of baptism from Jewish rites using water to cleanse, or set apart, people and objects for God’s service (cp. Lev 8:6). John called people to repent of their sins and prepare spiritually for the Messiah’s coming. Their baptism publicly demonstrated their repentance and spiritual cleansing.

Versículo 4

IV. 3:4-6 The quotation is from Isa 40:3-5 (Greek version); it speaks of God’s delivering the Jews fr…

3:4-6 The quotation is from Isa 40:3-5 (Greek version); it speaks of God’s delivering the Jews from exile in Babylon. After the Jews had returned from exile (Ezra 1–2), the passage became associated with God’s end-time salvation. John shouted in the wilderness to prepare God’s people for the Lord’s coming. God’s salvation is portrayed as a new exodus, bringing deliverance like the first exodus from Egypt. • Clear the road for him! . . . the rough places made smooth: The image reflects the Middle Eastern practice of preparing a road at the approach of a king, something like “rolling out the red carpet” (cp. Luke 19:36-38).

Versículo 7

V. 3:7 God’s coming wrath is the judgment for all who reject the gospel. Israel as a nation would ex…

3:7 God’s coming wrath is the judgment for all who reject the gospel. Israel as a nation would experience this wrath in the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70 (see 21:20-23).

Versículo 8

VI. 3:8 we are descendants of Abraham: Some Jews believed that their descent from Abraham guaranteed …

3:8 we are descendants of Abraham: Some Jews believed that their descent from Abraham guaranteed their salvation (see John 8:33-39; Acts 7:2; Rom 4:1). • That means nothing: God had selected the Israelites as his people, and he could reject them and create children of Abraham from these very stones if he chose (cp. Hos 1:3-9; Rom 9:6-8, 27-28; 11:17-21).

Versículo 9

VII. 3:9 every tree that does not produce good fruit: Israel would be judged as an unfruitful vineyard…

3:9 every tree that does not produce good fruit: Israel would be judged as an unfruitful vineyard (see Isa 5:1-7; cp. Luke 13:7-9; 20:9-19).

Versículo 11

VIII. 3:11 two shirts: The Greek word refers to a long shirt worn next to the skin. Even the smallest s…

3:11 two shirts: The Greek word refers to a long shirt worn next to the skin. Even the smallest surplus should be shared with others in need.

Versículo 12

IX. 3:12 corrupt tax collectors: The word for “corrupt” is not in the Greek, but it accurately expres…

3:12 corrupt tax collectors: The word for “corrupt” is not in the Greek, but it accurately expresses the connotation that “tax collector” had for first-century readers. They despised tax collectors, who were notoriously corrupt and worked for the hated Roman authorities.

Versículo 14

X. 3:14 These soldiers were probably not Roman, but local Jewish troops under the authority of Herod…

3:14 These soldiers were probably not Roman, but local Jewish troops under the authority of Herod Antipas. They might have been assigned to protect the tax collectors. John does not condemn either tax collectors or soldiers but calls them to honesty and integrity.

Versículo 16

XI. 3:16 I’m not even worthy to be his slave and untie the straps of his sandals: The untying of sand…

3:16 I’m not even worthy to be his slave and untie the straps of his sandals: The untying of sandals was done only by slaves (to make this connection clear, the NLT adds be his slave and). John thus greatly honored the Messiah. • baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire: The Old Testament prophets predicted that in the last days, God would pour out his Spirit on his people (Isa 32:15, Ezek 36:28-29; Joel 2:28). This prophecy was at least partially fulfilled on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2). Fire is an image of judgment (see Luke 3:9); it also has the power to cleanse and refine God’s people (see 1 Cor 3:10-15; cp. Isa 4:4; Mal 3:2).

Versículo 17

XII. 3:17 After being harvested, the kernels of wheat would be beaten off the stalks and then tossed i…

3:17 After being harvested, the kernels of wheat would be beaten off the stalks and then tossed in the air with a winnowing fork to separate them from the chaff. The heavy grain would fall to the ground as the lighter chaff blew away. This is an image of separation for judgment. • never-ending fire: See Isa 66:24.

Versículo 19

XIII. 3:19-20 Herod Antipas, the ruler of Galilee, divorced his first wife and married Herodias, the wi…

3:19-20 Herod Antipas, the ruler of Galilee, divorced his first wife and married Herodias, the wife of his half brother Herod Philip. When John publicly criticized Herod for this sin, Herod imprisoned and later executed him (cp. 9:9; Mark 6:16-29). Herod’s execution of John is also recorded by the Jewish historian Josephus (Antiquities 18.5.2).

Versículo 21

XIV. 3:21-22 Jesus’ baptism marked the beginning of his public ministry and his anointing as the Messi…

3:21-22 Jesus’ baptism marked the beginning of his public ministry and his anointing as the Messiah (the “Anointed One”). The voice of God from heaven confirmed Jesus’ identity and mission. 3:21 As he was praying: Luke emphasizes Jesus’ trust and reliance on God in prayer (5:16; 6:12; 9:18, 28; 11:1; 22:32, 41, 44; 23:34, 46). • the heavens opened: This image was a sign of God’s presence (Isa 64:1), divine revelation (Ezek 1:1; John 1:51), and the end of an age (Rev 4:1; 15:5; 19:11).

Versículo 22

XV. 3:22 The Spirit might have looked like a dove, or perhaps it descended in a dove-like manner. • Y…

3:22 The Spirit might have looked like a dove, or perhaps it descended in a dove-like manner. • You are my dearly loved Son, and you bring me great joy: This statement resonates with Ps 2:7 and Isa 42:1. The former identifies Jesus as the Messiah from David’s line; the latter indicates his role as servant of the Lord. Jesus’ identity was again declared from heaven at his transfiguration (Luke 9:35).

Versículo 23

16. 3:23-38 This genealogy reverses Matthew’s order (Matt 1:1-17). Luke lists Jesus’ lineage back to …

3:23-38 This genealogy reverses Matthew’s order (Matt 1:1-17). Luke lists Jesus’ lineage back to Adam, possibly to show Jesus’ connection with all humanity as the Son of God (Luke 3:38). Matthew’s genealogy descends from Abraham to Joseph, highlighting Jesus’ status as the rightful heir of David’s throne and the recipient of God’s promises to Abraham. The great differences between the two genealogies have led some to propose that Luke’s genealogy is that of Mary (see study note on 3:23), who was probably among Luke’s primary sources. 3:23 Jesus was about thirty years old: This is the only reference in the New Testament to Jesus’ age during his public ministry, and it is an approximation. Jesus was born 6~4 BC (see study note on 2:2) and began his ministry AD 27~29 (see study note on 3:1), so Jesus was evidently 31~35 years old when he began his public ministry. • known as the son of Joseph: Jesus was the legal but not the biological son of Joseph. • Joseph was the son of Heli: If this is actually Mary’s genealogy (see study note on 3:23-38), then Joseph was Heli’s son-in-law, a possible understanding of the Greek sentence.

Versículo 27

17. 3:27 Zerubbabel was the governor of Judea appointed by the Persians when the Jews returned from B…

3:27 Zerubbabel was the governor of Judea appointed by the Persians when the Jews returned from Babylonian exile. He supervised the rebuilding of the Temple (Ezra 3:2, 8).

Versículo 31

18. 3:31 Nathan was David’s third son, born to him in Jerusalem (2 Sam 5:14); he is not to be confuse…

3:31 Nathan was David’s third son, born to him in Jerusalem (2 Sam 5:14); he is not to be confused with Nathan the prophet (2 Sam 7:2).

Versículo 32

19. 3:32 Boaz was the husband of Ruth the Moabite (see Ruth 2–4).

3:32 Boaz was the husband of Ruth the Moabite (see Ruth 2–4).

Versículo 38

20. 3:38 Seth was the third son of Adam and Eve, born after Cain murdered Abel and God banished him (…

3:38 Seth was the third son of Adam and Eve, born after Cain murdered Abel and God banished him (Gen 4:25-26). • Adam was the son of God: Adam had no earthly father since God created him. In the temptation that follows, Satan repeatedly says to Jesus, “If you are the Son of God. . . .” Adam, the first son of God, failed when tested, but Jesus, the Son of God in the fullest sense, successfully resisted temptation.

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Luke — Capítulo 3