Antiguo Testamento

Leviticus — Capítulo 5

Leviticus enabled ancient Israel to live in relationship with a holy God. But now that Christ has come as our High Priest and ultimate sacrifice—thereby fulfilling many of the requirements outlined in Leviticus—what do laws governing ancient Israel’s system of worship, with its priests and animal sacrifices, have to do with us? Leviticus increases our understanding of God’s holiness. And God’s …

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Si alguno pecare por haber sido llamado a testificar, y fuere testigo que vio, o supo, y no lo denunciare, él llevará su pecado.

2Asimismo la persona que hubiere tocado cualquiera cosa inmunda, sea cadáver de bestia inmunda, o cadáver de animal inmundo, o cadáver de reptil inmundo, bien que no lo supiere, será inmunda y habrá delinquido.

3O si tocare inmundicia de hombre, cualquiera inmundicia suya con que fuere inmundo, y no lo echare de ver, si después llegare a saberlo, será culpable.

4O si alguno jurare a la ligera con sus labios hacer mal o hacer bien, en cualquiera cosa que el hombre profiere con juramento, y él no lo entendiere; si después lo entiende, será culpable por cualquiera de estas cosas.

5Cuando pecare en alguna de estas cosas, confesará aquello en que pecó,

6y para su expiación traerá a Jehová por su pecado que cometió, una hembra de los rebaños, una cordera o una cabra como ofrenda de expiación; y el sacerdote le hará expiación por su pecado.

7Y si no tuviere lo suficiente para un cordero, traerá a Jehová en expiación por su pecado que cometió, dos tórtolas o dos palominos, el uno para expiación, y el otro para holocausto.

8Y los traerá al sacerdote, el cual ofrecerá primero el que es para expiación; y le arrancará de su cuello la cabeza, mas no la separará por completo.

9Y rociará de la sangre de la expiación sobre la pared del altar; y lo que sobrare de la sangre lo exprimirá al pie del altar; es expiación.

10Y del otro hará holocausto conforme al rito; así el sacerdote hará expiación por el pecado de aquel que lo cometió, y será perdonado.

11Mas si no tuviere lo suficiente para dos tórtolas, o dos palominos, el que pecó traerá como ofrenda la décima parte de un efa de flor de harina para expiación. No pondrá sobre ella aceite, ni sobre ella pondrá incienso, porque es expiación.

12La traerá, pues, al sacerdote, y el sacerdote tomará de ella su puño lleno, para memoria de él, y la hará arder en el altar sobre las ofrendas encendidas a Jehová; es expiación.

13Y hará el sacerdote expiación por él en cuanto al pecado que cometió en alguna de estas cosas, y será perdonado; y el sobrante será del sacerdote, como la ofrenda de vianda.

14Habló más Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

15Cuando alguna persona cometiere falta, y pecare por yerro en las cosas santas de Jehová, traerá por su culpa a Jehová un carnero sin defecto de los rebaños, conforme a tu estimación en siclos de plata del siclo del santuario, en ofrenda por el pecado.

16Y pagará lo que hubiere defraudado de las cosas santas, y añadirá a ello la quinta parte, y lo dará al sacerdote; y el sacerdote hará expiación por él con el carnero del sacrificio por el pecado, y será perdonado.

17Finalmente, si una persona pecare, o hiciere alguna de todas aquellas cosas que por mandamiento de Jehová no se han de hacer, aun sin hacerlo a sabiendas, es culpable, y llevará su pecado.

18Traerá, pues, al sacerdote para expiación, según tú lo estimes, un carnero sin defecto de los rebaños; y el sacerdote le hará expiación por el yerro que cometió por ignorancia, y será perdonado.

19Es infracción, y ciertamente delinquió contra Jehová.

TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES

Versículo 1

I. 5:1-6 These verses list examples of sins covered by the sin offering (4:2). When a person realize…

5:1-6 These verses list examples of sins covered by the sin offering (4:2). When a person realized he or she had committed an offense, the next step was to make it right by admitting guilt and bringing a sin offering. 5:1 The first infraction was the failure to testify when called as a witness before a court. Failure to testify was not a passive act because it actively aided the criminal. • you will be punished (literally you become guilty or you realize your guilt): Anticipating God’s punishment for the sin, the guilty party offered the sacrifice to remove the guilt and escape the punishment.

Versículo 2

II. 5:2 ceremonially unclean: “Clean” and “unclean” did not pertain to hygiene (see 11:1–15:33) but t…

5:2 ceremonially unclean: “Clean” and “unclean” did not pertain to hygiene (see 11:1–15:33) but to suitability for participating in worship or, in the case of animals, suitability for sacrifice or human consumption. A list of clean and unclean animals is found in 11:1-47. The requirement for becoming clean after touching an unclean animal was merely to wash one’s clothes and remain apart from the community until evening (11:25). Most likely, therefore, the requirement of this sin offering indicates that the person had failed to follow the prescription for cleansing (11:27-28).

Versículo 3

III. 5:3 Any bodily discharge, even blood, would render a person temporarily unclean (chs 11–15). The …

5:3 Any bodily discharge, even blood, would render a person temporarily unclean (chs 11–15). The uncleanness itself was not sin, but it was a sin to neglect the uncleanness, allowing it to spread. Once people became aware of their unclean state, they were guilty if they neglected it.

Versículo 4

IV. 5:4 Oaths could be taken in the name of the Lord. However, a foolish vow, one thoughtlessly made,…

5:4 Oaths could be taken in the name of the Lord. However, a foolish vow, one thoughtlessly made, was a blasphemous misuse of the Lord’s name (Exod 20:7). Accordingly, vows must be fulfilled (see Num 30:2; Deut 23:21-23; Eccl 5:4-6).

Versículo 5

V. 5:5 When you become aware of your guilt: All the situations that required a sin offering assumed …

5:5 When you become aware of your guilt: All the situations that required a sin offering assumed guilt by accident or ignorance. As soon as a person became aware of having done something improper, he or she became guilty and was required to attend to it. Known sins were to be dealt with; it was a sin in itself to know what was right and not do it (see 5:17; Jas 4:17). • confess: Sacrifice for sin without admission of guilt would be a meaningless ritual. When the sacrificial animal was presented to the priest, the worshiper likely told the priest why it was being offered.

Versículo 6

VI. 5:6 The penalty was apparently fulfilled by the required sacrifice (see study note on 4:1–5:13). …

5:6 The penalty was apparently fulfilled by the required sacrifice (see study note on 4:1–5:13). • The actions described in 5:1-5 best fit those of a layperson, so a female offering was permitted, in keeping with the principle demonstrated in 4:28, 32.

Versículo 7

VII. 5:7-13 The poor also needed to secure atonement and reconciliation. Birds (5:7) were permitted fo…

5:7-13 The poor also needed to secure atonement and reconciliation. Birds (5:7) were permitted for those too poor to afford a lamb (cp. 1:14-17). Although an animal offering was typically required for atonement (17:11), God in his grace allowed the bloodless offering of flour if the worshiper could not even afford two birds (5:11). 5:7 The sin offerings included both a portion as a burnt offering and a portion that was first offered, then given to the priests (cp. 4:22-35; 6:24-30). Because of their small size, two birds were required—one for each type of offering.

Versículo 11

VIII. 5:11 The sin offering was not to be adorned with olive oil or . . . frankincense. These were requ…

5:11 The sin offering was not to be adorned with olive oil or . . . frankincense. These were required for the grain offering, which was the individual’s gift to the Lord (see 2:1), given to express worship. The sin offering made atonement; its purpose was to obtain forgiveness, requiring that the offering be completely unadorned.

Versículo 13

IX. 5:13 making them right: See study notes on 1:4; 4:20. • rest of the flour: See study note on 2:3.

5:13 making them right: See study notes on 1:4; 4:20. • rest of the flour: See study note on 2:3.

Versículo 14

X. 5:14–6:7 The guilt offering (Hebrew ’asham, “guilt”) dealt with property loss and damages, whethe…

5:14–6:7 The guilt offering (Hebrew ’asham, “guilt”) dealt with property loss and damages, whether sacred (5:14-16) or secular (6:1-7). It involved restitution as well as compensation for the loss (5:16; 6:5). It could be called a “penalty offering,” because the ram was a penalty, or perhaps a “restitution offering,” because of the need to make restitution for the loss before the ram was offered. In the guilt offering (5:14–6:7), the loss involved was not only a failure in God’s sight, as with the sin offering, but also a loss of property to another person or to the sanctuary. Cp. Matt 5:23-24.

Versículo 15

XI. 5:15 unintentionally defiling: Damage to sacred property was distinguished from damage to secular…

5:15 unintentionally defiling: Damage to sacred property was distinguished from damage to secular property. The sacrifice was effective only if the damage to sacred property had been committed accidentally. Deliberate damage, such as vandalism, to something sacred was blasphemous. As with other deliberate sins (Num 15:30-31), no means was specified for its atonement. No devout believer would defiantly continue in sin (see 1 Jn 3:9). • The sanctuary shekel was not a coin but a standardized unit for measuring weight. It was used to evaluate the ram being offered. Some scholars suggest that this text permits the substitution of the appropriate amount of silver for the ram.

Versículo 16

XII. 5:16 The surcharge of an additional 20 percent provided compensation to the owner for loss or dam…

5:16 The surcharge of an additional 20 percent provided compensation to the owner for loss or damage to property. The surcharge for sacred property was paid directly to the priests. Accidental damage to sacred property occurred when a person unintentionally ate the sacred offerings (22:14) or omitted the tithe (27:31). A similar surcharge was involved in redeeming an animal (27:13, 27).

Versículo 17

XIII. 5:17-19 This paragraph provides general principles for the guilt offering. Even if unaware of the…

5:17-19 This paragraph provides general principles for the guilt offering. Even if unaware of the infraction, an individual was guilty and had to provide the appropriate guilt offering. This applied to both sacred and secular property (5:14-16; 6:1-7).

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Leviticus — Capítulo 5