John wrote his Gospel to inspire faith. John knew Jesus intimately, and John’s Gospel provides an intimate portrait of the Lord. John referred to himself as “the disciple Jesus loved.” His Gospel has become the “beloved Gospel” of the church. Here we meet Nicodemus, the Samaritan woman at the well, Lazarus, and doubting Thomas. John records for us many of Jesus’ most memorable sayings, longest …
1De cierto, de cierto os digo: El que no entra por la puerta en el redil de las ovejas, sino que sube por otra parte, ese es ladrón y salteador.
2Mas el que entra por la puerta, el pastor de las ovejas es.
3A este abre el portero, y las ovejas oyen su voz; y a sus ovejas llama por nombre, y las saca.
4Y cuando ha sacado fuera todas las propias, va delante de ellas; y las ovejas le siguen, porque conocen su voz.
5Mas al extraño no seguirán, sino huirán de él, porque no conocen la voz de los extraños.
6Esta alegoría les dijo Jesús; pero ellos no entendieron qué era lo que les decía.
7Volvió, pues, Jesús a decirles: De cierto, de cierto os digo: Yo soy la puerta de las ovejas.
8Todos los que antes de mí vinieron, ladrones son y salteadores; pero no los oyeron las ovejas.
9Yo soy la puerta; el que por mí entrare, será salvo; y entrará, y saldrá, y hallará pastos.
10El ladrón no viene sino para hurtar y matar y destruir; yo he venido para que tengan vida, y para que la tengan en abundancia.
11Yo soy el buen pastor; el buen pastor su vida da por las ovejas.
12Mas el asalariado, y que no es el pastor, de quien no son propias las ovejas, ve venir al lobo y deja las ovejas y huye, y el lobo arrebata las ovejas y las dispersa.
13Así que el asalariado huye, porque es asalariado, y no le importan las ovejas.
14Yo soy el buen pastor; y conozco mis ovejas, y las mías me conocen,
15así como el Padre me conoce, y yo conozco al Padre; y pongo mi vida por las ovejas.
16También tengo otras ovejas que no son de este redil; aquellas también debo traer, y oirán mi voz; y habrá un rebaño, y un pastor.
17Por eso me ama el Padre, porque yo pongo mi vida, para volverla a tomar.
18Nadie me la quita, sino que yo de mí mismo la pongo. Tengo poder para ponerla, y tengo poder para volverla a tomar. Este mandamiento recibí de mi Padre.
19Volvió a haber disensión entre los judíos por estas palabras.
20Muchos de ellos decían: Demonio tiene, y está fuera de sí; ¿por qué le oís?
21Decían otros: Estas palabras no son de endemoniado. ¿Puede acaso el demonio abrir los ojos de los ciegos?
22Celebrábase en Jerusalén la fiesta de la dedicación. Era invierno,
23y Jesús andaba en el templo por el pórtico de Salomón.
24Y le rodearon los judíos y le dijeron: ¿Hasta cuándo nos turbarás el alma? Si tú eres el Cristo, dínoslo abiertamente.
25Jesús les respondió: Os lo he dicho, y no creéis; las obras que yo hago en nombre de mi Padre, ellas dan testimonio de mí;
26pero vosotros no creéis, porque no sois de mis ovejas, como os he dicho.
27Mis ovejas oyen mi voz, y yo las conozco, y me siguen,
28y yo les doy vida eterna; y no perecerán jamás, ni nadie las arrebatará de mi mano.
29Mi Padre que me las dio, es mayor que todos, y nadie las puede arrebatar de la mano de mi Padre.
30Yo y el Padre uno somos.
31Entonces los judíos volvieron a tomar piedras para apedrearle.
32Jesús les respondió: Muchas buenas obras os he mostrado de mi Padre; ¿por cuál de ellas me apedreáis?
33Le respondieron los judíos, diciendo: Por buena obra no te apedreamos, sino por la blasfemia; porque tú, siendo hombre, te haces Dios.
34Jesús les respondió: ¿No está escrito en vuestra ley: Yo dije, dioses sois?
35Si llamó dioses a aquellos a quienes vino la palabra de Dios (y la Escritura no puede ser quebrantada),
36¿al que el Padre santificó y envió al mundo, vosotros decís: Tú blasfemas, porque dije: Hijo de Dios soy?
37Si no hago las obras de mi Padre, no me creáis.
38Mas si las hago, aunque no me creáis a mí, creed a las obras, para que conozcáis y creáis que el Padre está en mí, y yo en el Padre.
39Procuraron otra vez prenderle, pero él se escapó de sus manos.
40Y se fue de nuevo al otro lado del Jordán, al lugar donde primero había estado bautizando Juan; y se quedó allí.
41Y muchos venían a él, y decían: Juan, a la verdad, ninguna señal hizo; pero todo lo que Juan dijo de este, era verdad.
42Y muchos creyeron en él allí.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
I
Versículo 1
I. 10:1-42 Chapter 10 continues the series of festival sermons (see study note on 5:1–10:42). Here, …
10:1-42 Chapter 10 continues the series of festival sermons (see study note on 5:1–10:42). Here, the setting is Hanukkah (the Festival of Dedication), the timing of which is crucial to understanding the story (see study note on 10:22).
10:1-21 This illustration of a shepherd and his sheep assumes a Middle Eastern understanding of shepherding and draws on Old Testament tradition deeply embedded in first-century Jewish culture. God was the shepherd of Israel (Gen 49:24; Pss 23; 78:52-53; Isa 40:10-11). Spiritual and political leaders of Israel were also shepherds of God’s people, the flock of God (Isa 56:9-12; Jer 23:1-4; Ezek 34). Jesus’ sermon builds on the occasion of Hanukkah (see John 10:22) to address the theme of shepherds, using this festival as an opportunity to reflect on Israel’s leaders (“shepherds”) in light of Ezek 34. Jesus presents himself as the good shepherd (John 10:11-14).
10:1 A wilderness shepherd would build a sheepfold, a pen with low stone walls topped by thorny branches, to hold his sheep at night and protect them from danger. • The pen had one gate (or opening in the wall) that was closed with branches. Any invasion of the pen was a threat to the flock. • A bad shepherd was like a thief and a robber. He exploited the sheep for his own interests and did not care for or nurture them. Bad shepherds took the sheep’s milk and wool for themselves and butchered the sheep without providing for the animal’s safety (Ezek 34:3; see Isa 56:11; Jer 23:1-4). This was Jesus’ most stinging indictment of the Jewish leaders.
II
Versículo 3
II. 10:3 the sheep recognize his voice: The Middle Eastern shepherd is well known for having intimate…
10:3 the sheep recognize his voice: The Middle Eastern shepherd is well known for having intimate knowledge of the sheep. Sheep are led with flute tunes, songs, or verbal commands.
III
Versículo 4
III. 10:4 A good shepherd always leads his sheep; he never drives them. When they recognize his voice,…
10:4 A good shepherd always leads his sheep; he never drives them. When they recognize his voice, they trust his leadership and follow him.
IV
Versículo 7
IV. 10:7 I am: See study note on 6:35. A good shepherd is known for guarding the sheep at the gate as…
10:7 I am: See study note on 6:35. A good shepherd is known for guarding the sheep at the gate as a sentry.
V
Versículo 9
V. 10:9 will be saved (or will find safety): As gatekeeper, Jesus keeps away those who might harm hi…
10:9 will be saved (or will find safety): As gatekeeper, Jesus keeps away those who might harm his sheep, keeping his sheep inside the pen where they are safe.
VI
Versículo 10
VI. 10:10 Jesus’ followers must be wary of bad shepherds who desire to steal and kill and destroy. As…
10:10 Jesus’ followers must be wary of bad shepherds who desire to steal and kill and destroy. As the Hanukkah story was told to the Jewish people (see study note on 10:22), they were reminded about false religious leaders whose failures had led to the loss of God’s Temple in Jerusalem.
VII
Versículo 11
VII. 10:11-14 I am: See study note on 6:35. The good shepherd leads his sheep, finds food and water, a…
10:11-14 I am: See study note on 6:35. The good shepherd leads his sheep, finds food and water, and locates paths in the wilderness (see Ps 23). The good shepherd stands between his sheep and danger (John 10:11) and fights to protect them. The Old Testament describes God as Israel’s shepherd (Pss 23; 80:1; Isa 40:10-11). The leaders of God’s people should shepherd their flock as God does (Ezek 34:23). However, the leaders of Israel in Jesus’ time were bad shepherds.
10:11-13 Small villages often created communal flocks and employed a hired hand to tend the sheep. However, an employee lacked the commitment of a true shepherd. The wilderness of Judea had many predators. When a wolf or other predators attacked, the hired hand would run rather than defend the sheep. Jesus will never do this; he will always stand between his sheep and danger.
VIII
Versículo 14
VIII. 10:14-17 I sacrifice my life for the sheep: Jesus was alluding to his crucifixion (ch 19).
10:14-17 I sacrifice my life for the sheep: Jesus was alluding to his crucifixion (ch 19).
IX
Versículo 15
IX. 10:15 The Father and the Son share a profound intimacy, which Jesus shares with his sheep through…
10:15 The Father and the Son share a profound intimacy, which Jesus shares with his sheep through the Holy Spirit (14:23-31; 15:1-11).
X
Versículo 16
X. 10:16 other sheep: Believers outside Judaism would one day join Jesus’ sheepfold (see 11:52). In …
10:16 other sheep: Believers outside Judaism would one day join Jesus’ sheepfold (see 11:52). In Jesus’ vision for his people, Jewish and Gentile believers from diverse cultures would become one flock with one shepherd (17:20-23).
XI
Versículo 18
XI. 10:18 No one can take my life from me: The Son’s death was voluntary. Jesus was not a martyr or a…
10:18 No one can take my life from me: The Son’s death was voluntary. Jesus was not a martyr or a victim. His decision to die was freely given in obedience and intimate relationship with his Father (see Acts 2:23-24). • Jesus’ resurrection was not an afterthought in which God rescued his Son from tragedy. God could not be contained by a tomb, and since Jesus and the Father are one, Jesus possessed the authority to rise from death.
XII
Versículo 19
XII. 10:19-21 Jesus divided his audience yet again (see also 6:66-69; 7:43; 9:16), inspiring either op…
10:19-21 Jesus divided his audience yet again (see also 6:66-69; 7:43; 9:16), inspiring either opposition or faith. • He’s demon possessed: Cp. 7:20; 8:48-49, 52.
XIII
Versículo 22
XIII. 10:22 Hanukkah was a winter festival that commemorated the rededication of the Temple after it ha…
10:22 Hanukkah was a winter festival that commemorated the rededication of the Temple after it had been defiled by Antiochus IV (175–163 BC). Two hundred years before Christ, Greek soldiers captured and pillaged the Jerusalem Temple, took its treasures and artifacts, and made it unusable for worship. In the winter of 165–164 BC, a Jewish army led by Judas Maccabeus reclaimed the Temple and rededicated it to the Lord. The Festival of Hanukkah (“dedication”) marked this dedication (see 1 Maccabees 3–4; 2 Maccabees 8:1–10:8). During the festival, priests examined their commitment to service, using Ezek 34 as their principal text for reflection (also Jer 23:1-4; 25:32-38; Zech 11). At this Hanukkah celebration, Jesus used the shepherd theme from Ezek 34 to distinguish between himself as the good shepherd (John 10:11) and Israel’s current religious leaders as bad shepherds (10:10, 12-13).
XIV
Versículo 23
XIV. 10:23 Massive covered colonnades surrounded the four sides of the central courtyard of the Temple…
10:23 Massive covered colonnades surrounded the four sides of the central courtyard of the Temple. Solomon’s Colonnade, on the east, provided shelter from winter weather.
XV
Versículo 24
XV. 10:24 The people who surrounded Jesus might have been seeking clarity, or they might have been ho…
10:24 The people who surrounded Jesus might have been seeking clarity, or they might have been hostile. In Luke 21:20 and Heb 11:30, the same word describes how Jerusalem and Jericho were surrounded before being destroyed; in Acts 14:20 it refers to Paul’s disciples rallying around him after he was injured.
16
Versículo 25
16. 10:25-42 In Jesus’ final public presentation of evidence about himself in this Gospel, he gives a…
10:25-42 In Jesus’ final public presentation of evidence about himself in this Gospel, he gives an exhaustive statement of his identity (10:30).
10:25 Jesus had already provided the Jewish people and their religious leaders with sufficient proof that he is the Son of God. The problem was not lack of information, but their unwillingness to believe him.
17
Versículo 27
17. 10:27-29 As the good shepherd, Jesus would die for his sheep and secure them from all predators a…
10:27-29 As the good shepherd, Jesus would die for his sheep and secure them from all predators and thieves (10:1, 8, 11; cp. Ezek 34:22-23). • The power of the Father, appearing in Christ, keeps his sheep safe. Believers cannot be taken from Jesus because no one is more powerful than he is. Their security is not sustained by their own efforts, but by Christ. • The word translated snatch implies violence (as in John 6:15).
18
Versículo 30
18. 10:30 The Father and the Son are two separate persons with one purpose and nature (1:1, 14; 14:9;…
10:30 The Father and the Son are two separate persons with one purpose and nature (1:1, 14; 14:9; 20:28). This is the basis of Jesus’ power to protect God’s flock (10:28-29) and a stunning expression of Jesus’ divinity.
19
Versículo 31
19. 10:31-33 The people realized Jesus’ meaning (see 10:33) and wanted to kill him. The problem was n…
10:31-33 The people realized Jesus’ meaning (see 10:33) and wanted to kill him. The problem was not Jesus’ good works, but his claim to divinity (see 6:42, 60; 7:29-30). Committing blasphemy was punishable by stoning (Lev 24:23; see John 8:59).
20
Versículo 34
20. 10:34-36 I say, you are gods! If the word god could be applied to people other than the Lord, the…
10:34-36 I say, you are gods! If the word god could be applied to people other than the Lord, then Jesus was not breaking the law by referring to himself in this way. Yet Jesus is not just any son of God; he is the Son of God who was sent . . . into the world.
21
Versículo 38
21. 10:38 Jesus’ miraculous works should help true believers know and understand that the full realit…
10:38 Jesus’ miraculous works should help true believers know and understand that the full reality of God dwells in Jesus.
22
Versículo 40
22. 10:40 His revelation to the Jewish leaders now complete, Jesus retired to the region beyond the J…
10:40 His revelation to the Jewish leaders now complete, Jesus retired to the region beyond the Jordan River where John the Baptist had once worked and where Jesus was baptized.
23
Versículo 41
23. 10:41 everything he said about this man has come true: See 1:19-51; 3:22-36. The fulfillment of J…
10:41 everything he said about this man has come true: See 1:19-51; 3:22-36. The fulfillment of John the Baptist’s predictions confirms both that he was a prophet and that what he said about Jesus was true.
24
Versículo 42
24. 10:42 This is a note of irony. While Jesus found little faith among the religious leaders in the …
10:42 This is a note of irony. While Jesus found little faith among the religious leaders in the holy city of Jerusalem, in the desert he found many who . . . believed.
Nuevo Testamento
John — Capítulo 10
John wrote his Gospel to inspire faith. John knew Jesus intimately, and John’s Gospel provides an intimate portrait of the Lord. John referred to himself as “the disciple Jesus loved.” His Gospel has become the “beloved Gospel” of the church. Here we meet Nicodemus, the Samaritan woman at the well, Lazarus, and doubting Thomas. John records for us many of Jesus’ most memorable sayings, longest …
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1De cierto, de cierto os digo: El que no entra por la puerta en el redil de las ovejas, sino que sube por otra parte, ese es ladrón y salteador.
2Mas el que entra por la puerta, el pastor de las ovejas es.
3A este abre el portero, y las ovejas oyen su voz; y a sus ovejas llama por nombre, y las saca.
4Y cuando ha sacado fuera todas las propias, va delante de ellas; y las ovejas le siguen, porque conocen su voz.
5Mas al extraño no seguirán, sino huirán de él, porque no conocen la voz de los extraños.
6Esta alegoría les dijo Jesús; pero ellos no entendieron qué era lo que les decía.
7Volvió, pues, Jesús a decirles: De cierto, de cierto os digo: Yo soy la puerta de las ovejas.
8Todos los que antes de mí vinieron, ladrones son y salteadores; pero no los oyeron las ovejas.
9Yo soy la puerta; el que por mí entrare, será salvo; y entrará, y saldrá, y hallará pastos.
10El ladrón no viene sino para hurtar y matar y destruir; yo he venido para que tengan vida, y para que la tengan en abundancia.
11Yo soy el buen pastor; el buen pastor su vida da por las ovejas.
12Mas el asalariado, y que no es el pastor, de quien no son propias las ovejas, ve venir al lobo y deja las ovejas y huye, y el lobo arrebata las ovejas y las dispersa.
13Así que el asalariado huye, porque es asalariado, y no le importan las ovejas.
14Yo soy el buen pastor; y conozco mis ovejas, y las mías me conocen,
15así como el Padre me conoce, y yo conozco al Padre; y pongo mi vida por las ovejas.
16También tengo otras ovejas que no son de este redil; aquellas también debo traer, y oirán mi voz; y habrá un rebaño, y un pastor.
17Por eso me ama el Padre, porque yo pongo mi vida, para volverla a tomar.
18Nadie me la quita, sino que yo de mí mismo la pongo. Tengo poder para ponerla, y tengo poder para volverla a tomar. Este mandamiento recibí de mi Padre.
19Volvió a haber disensión entre los judíos por estas palabras.
20Muchos de ellos decían: Demonio tiene, y está fuera de sí; ¿por qué le oís?
21Decían otros: Estas palabras no son de endemoniado. ¿Puede acaso el demonio abrir los ojos de los ciegos?
22Celebrábase en Jerusalén la fiesta de la dedicación. Era invierno,
23y Jesús andaba en el templo por el pórtico de Salomón.
24Y le rodearon los judíos y le dijeron: ¿Hasta cuándo nos turbarás el alma? Si tú eres el Cristo, dínoslo abiertamente.
25Jesús les respondió: Os lo he dicho, y no creéis; las obras que yo hago en nombre de mi Padre, ellas dan testimonio de mí;
26pero vosotros no creéis, porque no sois de mis ovejas, como os he dicho.
27Mis ovejas oyen mi voz, y yo las conozco, y me siguen,
28y yo les doy vida eterna; y no perecerán jamás, ni nadie las arrebatará de mi mano.
29Mi Padre que me las dio, es mayor que todos, y nadie las puede arrebatar de la mano de mi Padre.
30Yo y el Padre uno somos.
31Entonces los judíos volvieron a tomar piedras para apedrearle.
32Jesús les respondió: Muchas buenas obras os he mostrado de mi Padre; ¿por cuál de ellas me apedreáis?
33Le respondieron los judíos, diciendo: Por buena obra no te apedreamos, sino por la blasfemia; porque tú, siendo hombre, te haces Dios.
34Jesús les respondió: ¿No está escrito en vuestra ley: Yo dije, dioses sois?
35Si llamó dioses a aquellos a quienes vino la palabra de Dios (y la Escritura no puede ser quebrantada),
36¿al que el Padre santificó y envió al mundo, vosotros decís: Tú blasfemas, porque dije: Hijo de Dios soy?
37Si no hago las obras de mi Padre, no me creáis.
38Mas si las hago, aunque no me creáis a mí, creed a las obras, para que conozcáis y creáis que el Padre está en mí, y yo en el Padre.
39Procuraron otra vez prenderle, pero él se escapó de sus manos.
40Y se fue de nuevo al otro lado del Jordán, al lugar donde primero había estado bautizando Juan; y se quedó allí.
41Y muchos venían a él, y decían: Juan, a la verdad, ninguna señal hizo; pero todo lo que Juan dijo de este, era verdad.
42Y muchos creyeron en él allí.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
Versículo 1
I. 10:1-42 Chapter 10 continues the series of festival sermons (see study note on 5:1–10:42). Here, …
Versículo 3
II. 10:3 the sheep recognize his voice: The Middle Eastern shepherd is well known for having intimate…
Versículo 4
III. 10:4 A good shepherd always leads his sheep; he never drives them. When they recognize his voice,…
Versículo 7
IV. 10:7 I am: See study note on 6:35. A good shepherd is known for guarding the sheep at the gate as…
Versículo 9
V. 10:9 will be saved (or will find safety): As gatekeeper, Jesus keeps away those who might harm hi…
Versículo 10
VI. 10:10 Jesus’ followers must be wary of bad shepherds who desire to steal and kill and destroy. As…
Versículo 11
VII. 10:11-14 I am: See study note on 6:35. The good shepherd leads his sheep, finds food and water, a…
Versículo 14
VIII. 10:14-17 I sacrifice my life for the sheep: Jesus was alluding to his crucifixion (ch 19).
Versículo 15
IX. 10:15 The Father and the Son share a profound intimacy, which Jesus shares with his sheep through…
Versículo 16
X. 10:16 other sheep: Believers outside Judaism would one day join Jesus’ sheepfold (see 11:52). In …
Versículo 18
XI. 10:18 No one can take my life from me: The Son’s death was voluntary. Jesus was not a martyr or a…
Versículo 19
XII. 10:19-21 Jesus divided his audience yet again (see also 6:66-69; 7:43; 9:16), inspiring either op…
Versículo 22
XIII. 10:22 Hanukkah was a winter festival that commemorated the rededication of the Temple after it ha…
Versículo 23
XIV. 10:23 Massive covered colonnades surrounded the four sides of the central courtyard of the Temple…
Versículo 24
XV. 10:24 The people who surrounded Jesus might have been seeking clarity, or they might have been ho…
Versículo 25
16. 10:25-42 In Jesus’ final public presentation of evidence about himself in this Gospel, he gives a…
Versículo 27
17. 10:27-29 As the good shepherd, Jesus would die for his sheep and secure them from all predators a…
Versículo 30
18. 10:30 The Father and the Son are two separate persons with one purpose and nature (1:1, 14; 14:9;…
Versículo 31
19. 10:31-33 The people realized Jesus’ meaning (see 10:33) and wanted to kill him. The problem was n…
Versículo 34
20. 10:34-36 I say, you are gods! If the word god could be applied to people other than the Lord, the…
Versículo 38
21. 10:38 Jesus’ miraculous works should help true believers know and understand that the full realit…
Versículo 40
22. 10:40 His revelation to the Jewish leaders now complete, Jesus retired to the region beyond the J…
Versículo 41
23. 10:41 everything he said about this man has come true: See 1:19-51; 3:22-36. The fulfillment of J…
Versículo 42
24. 10:42 This is a note of irony. While Jesus found little faith among the religious leaders in the …