Antiguo Testamento

Exodus — Capítulo 15

What does it mean to be in a relationship with God, the ultimate being in the universe? How does one establish that relationship? What is that relationship like, and what does it take to stay in it? These are questions that people around the world have been asking since the beginning of time. The book of Exodus provided the ancient Israelites with answers to such questions, revealing not only w…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Entonces cantó Moisés y los hijos de Israel este cántico a Jehová, y dijeron: Cantaré yo a Jehová, porque se ha magnificado grandemente; Ha echado en el mar al caballo y al jinete.

2Jehová es mi fortaleza y mi cántico, Y ha sido mi salvación. Este es mi Dios, y lo alabaré; Dios de mi padre, y lo enalteceré.

3Jehová es varón de guerra; Jehová es su nombre.

4Echó en el mar los carros de Faraón y su ejército; Y sus capitanes escogidos fueron hundidos en el Mar Rojo.

5Los abismos los cubrieron; Descendieron a las profundidades como piedra.

6Tu diestra, oh Jehová, ha sido magnificada en poder; Tu diestra, oh Jehová, ha quebrantado al enemigo.

7Y con la grandeza de tu poder has derribado a los que se levantaron contra ti. Enviaste tu ira; los consumió como a hojarasca.

8Al soplo de tu aliento se amontonaron las aguas; Se juntaron las corrientes como en un montón; Los abismos se cuajaron en medio del mar.

9El enemigo dijo: Perseguiré, apresaré, repartiré despojos; Mi alma se saciará de ellos; Sacaré mi espada, los destruirá mi mano.

10Soplaste con tu viento; los cubrió el mar; Se hundieron como plomo en las impetuosas aguas.

11¿Quién como tú, oh Jehová, entre los dioses? ¿Quién como tú, magnífico en santidad, Terrible en maravillosas hazañas, hacedor de prodigios?

12Extendiste tu diestra; La tierra los tragó.

13Condujiste en tu misericordia a este pueblo que redimiste; Lo llevaste con tu poder a tu santa morada.

14Lo oirán los pueblos, y temblarán; Se apoderará dolor de la tierra de los filisteos.

15Entonces los caudillos de Edom se turbarán; A los valientes de Moab les sobrecogerá temblor; Se acobardarán todos los moradores de Canaán.

16Caiga sobre ellos temblor y espanto; A la grandeza de tu brazo enmudezcan como una piedra; Hasta que haya pasado tu pueblo, oh Jehová, Hasta que haya pasado este pueblo que tú rescataste.

17Tú los introducirás y los plantarás en el monte de tu heredad, En el lugar de tu morada, que tú has preparado, oh Jehová, En el santuario que tus manos, oh Jehová, han afirmado.

18Jehová reinará eternamente y para siempre.

19Porque Faraón entró cabalgando con sus carros y su gente de a caballo en el mar, y Jehová hizo volver las aguas del mar sobre ellos; mas los hijos de Israel pasaron en seco por en medio del mar.

20Y María la profetisa, hermana de Aarón, tomó un pandero en su mano, y todas las mujeres salieron en pos de ella con panderos y danzas.

21Y María les respondía: Cantad a Jehová, porque en extremo se ha engrandecido; Ha echado en el mar al caballo y al jinete.

22E hizo Moisés que partiese Israel del Mar Rojo, y salieron al desierto de Shur; y anduvieron tres días por el desierto sin hallar agua.

23Y llegaron a Mara, y no pudieron beber las aguas de Mara, porque eran amargas; por eso le pusieron el nombre de Mara.

24Entonces el pueblo murmuró contra Moisés, y dijo: ¿Qué hemos de beber?

25Y Moisés clamó a Jehová, y Jehová le mostró un árbol; y lo echó en las aguas, y las aguas se endulzaron. Allí les dio estatutos y ordenanzas, y allí los probó;

26y dijo: Si oyeres atentamente la voz de Jehová tu Dios, e hicieres lo recto delante de sus ojos, y dieres oído a sus mandamientos, y guardares todos sus estatutos, ninguna enfermedad de las que envié a los egipcios te enviaré a ti; porque yo soy Jehová tu sanador.

27Y llegaron a Elim, donde había doce fuentes de aguas, y setenta palmeras; y acamparon allí junto a las aguas.

TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES

Versículo 1

I. 15:1-18 Scholars believe this song of rescue to be one of the oldest preserved examples of the He…

15:1-18 Scholars believe this song of rescue to be one of the oldest preserved examples of the Hebrew language, attesting to its importance in Israel’s thought and faith. It is divided into three stanzas: 15:1-5, 6-12, 13-18. The first stanza rejoices in the Lord’s personal rescue of Moses and his people (note the recurrence of the first-person pronouns). The second exults in the great contrast between the Lord and the Egyptians. The third stanza reflects on what these events would mean for the future. 15:1-5 God’s salvation and rescue had implications for personal faith. 15:1 Moses and the people: In this triumphant moment there was no division between them; they sang as one. • I will sing: The highly personal declarations of the first two verses emphasize the personal nature of God’s relation to humans. He is not an impersonal force, but relates to us as one person relates to another. The songs of thanks and hymns of praise in the Bible characteristically give the reason for the thanks or praise early in the piece (see Ps 95:1-3; 96:1-4). The reason for the song is that the Lord . . . has triumphed gloriously. The community’s faith in God through the dark night had been dramatically vindicated.

Versículo 2

II. 15:2 This statement is quoted in two other places, Ps 118:14 and Isa 12:2, which shows its import…

15:2 This statement is quoted in two other places, Ps 118:14 and Isa 12:2, which shows its importance. The “God of your father” (Exod 3:6) had become my God. The Israelites now knew God for themselves and not just as a historical memory.

Versículo 3

III. 15:3 The Lord is a warrior: He will aggressively defend his own. He is not an oppressor, nor does…

15:3 The Lord is a warrior: He will aggressively defend his own. He is not an oppressor, nor does he fight for the love of violence. But when his people are helpless before the enemy, whether external or internal, they can know that Yahweh, “He Who Is,” is their defender (Isa 59:15-19; 63:1-6; Rev 11:17-18). Regarding the name Yahweh, see study note on Exod 3:15.

Versículo 6

IV. 15:6-12 The personal tone continues as the Lord is referred to as you and is contrasted dramatica…

15:6-12 The personal tone continues as the Lord is referred to as you and is contrasted dramatically with them (15:7). All that the enemy intended (15:9) was brought to nothing (15:10) before the mighty power of God. 15:6 Your right hand: This was typically a warrior’s sword arm.

Versículo 8

V. 15:8 blast (literally nostrils): In other contexts, the same word may be translated “anger.” The …

15:8 blast (literally nostrils): In other contexts, the same word may be translated “anger.” The hot breath from God’s nose is an image of God’s anger. • your breath: The Hebrew word translated as “breath” (ruakh) is the same one translated as “wind” in 14:21 and as “Spirit” in Gen 1:2. Nature is not God, but God is everywhere at work in nature.

Versículo 9

VI. 15:9-10 Compared to the Creator’s plans, all the plans of even the most powerful humans are nothi…

15:9-10 Compared to the Creator’s plans, all the plans of even the most powerful humans are nothing (see Ps 2:2-5). They are like dust that can be blown away with one puff of his breath (see Isa 40:15-17).

Versículo 11

VII. 15:11 The gods of the pagan nations are not in the same category as the Lord. They do not deserve…

15:11 The gods of the pagan nations are not in the same category as the Lord. They do not deserve to be called holy (see study note on 3:5).

Versículo 13

VIII. 15:13-18 The people God has redeemed have confidence for the future. In light of what the Lord ha…

15:13-18 The people God has redeemed have confidence for the future. In light of what the Lord had done in rescuing Israel from his enemies, there was no question that he would be able to carry through on his promise to take them safely into the Promised Land. 15:13 In light of God’s unfailing love and his might, there is no reason to doubt that he will be able to keep his promises. “Unfailing love” is a translation of the Hebrew word khesed, which speaks of the undeserved kindness and loyalty of a superior to an inferior. It is the most frequent descriptor of God’s character in the Old Testament (see Ps 136). If God had such a character but did not have the might to carry out his good intentions toward his people, his character would be of little value to us. The good news is that he has both a loving character and all power. • sacred home: God has chosen his people and gathered them to himself in order to dwell in their midst (see also Exod 15:17).

Versículo 14

IX. 15:14-15 Philistia, Edom, Moab, and Canaan are the four peoples that would most feel the hand of …

15:14-15 Philistia, Edom, Moab, and Canaan are the four peoples that would most feel the hand of God’s judgment as he dispossessed them to give the land to the people of Israel. What God had done to Egypt would have been common news throughout that part of the world (see Rahab’s report in Josh 2:9-11, where the same imagery as in Exod 15:15, to melt away, is used).

Versículo 17

X. 15:17 your own mountain: Deities were believed to have their residence on mountains. Thus Canaan …

15:17 your own mountain: Deities were believed to have their residence on mountains. Thus Canaan is figuratively portrayed as God’s residence.

Versículo 19

XI. 15:19-21 Miriam led the women in praise. In many ancient societies, men and women performed cerem…

15:19-21 Miriam led the women in praise. In many ancient societies, men and women performed ceremonies separately. Women had special roles in ritual praise and lamentation.

Versículo 22

XII. 15:22–18:27 On the journey from the sea to Sinai, God continued his providential care for the peo…

15:22–18:27 On the journey from the sea to Sinai, God continued his providential care for the people’s needs. In the events of rescue, he primarily revealed his power. Here he revealed that he cares about his people’s basic needs. 15:22-27 First at Marah and then at Elim, God provided water for the people. • The precise location of the desert of Shur (15:22) is unknown.

Versículo 23

XIII. 15:23 The water was probably heavily alkaline, as is typical in the Sinai Desert.

15:23 The water was probably heavily alkaline, as is typical in the Sinai Desert.

Versículo 24

XIV. 15:24 Instead of reflecting on the lessons of faith so recently experienced, the people lost hear…

15:24 Instead of reflecting on the lessons of faith so recently experienced, the people lost heart and began to complain, as we often do under adverse circumstances. If this complaining becomes a pattern, disaster can befall us in the ultimate test, as it did the Israelites (see Num 14; Ps 95:7-11; Heb 3:7-11).

Versículo 25

XV. 15:25 See 2 Kgs 2:19-22 for a similar incident.

15:25 See 2 Kgs 2:19-22 for a similar incident.

Versículo 26

16. 15:26 The connection between obedience to God’s commands and health is not arbitrary. God made th…

15:26 The connection between obedience to God’s commands and health is not arbitrary. God made the body, and our bodies will last longer if we follow the Creator’s guidelines. Since this statement was made in the context of a need for water, it might indicate that the Egyptians had been drinking polluted water.

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Exodus — Capítulo 15