Antiguo Testamento

Exodus — Capítulo 1

What does it mean to be in a relationship with God, the ultimate being in the universe? How does one establish that relationship? What is that relationship like, and what does it take to stay in it? These are questions that people around the world have been asking since the beginning of time. The book of Exodus provided the ancient Israelites with answers to such questions, revealing not only w…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Estos son los nombres de los hijos de Israel que entraron en Egipto con Jacob; cada uno entró con su familia:

2Rubén, Simeón, Leví, Judá,

3Isacar, Zabulón, Benjamín,

4Dan, Neftalí, Gad y Aser.

5Todas las personas que le nacieron a Jacob fueron setenta. Y José estaba en Egipto.

6Y murió José, y todos sus hermanos, y toda aquella generación.

7Y los hijos de Israel fructificaron y se multiplicaron, y fueron aumentados y fortalecidos en extremo, y se llenó de ellos la tierra.

8Entretanto, se levantó sobre Egipto un nuevo rey que no conocía a José; y dijo a su pueblo:

9He aquí, el pueblo de los hijos de Israel es mayor y más fuerte que nosotros.

10Ahora, pues, seamos sabios para con él, para que no se multiplique, y acontezca que viniendo guerra, él también se una a nuestros enemigos y pelee contra nosotros, y se vaya de la tierra.

11Entonces pusieron sobre ellos comisarios de tributos que los molestasen con sus cargas; y edificaron para Faraón las ciudades de almacenaje, Pitón y Ramesés.

12Pero cuanto más los oprimían, tanto más se multiplicaban y crecían, de manera que los egipcios temían a los hijos de Israel.

13Y los egipcios hicieron servir a los hijos de Israel con dureza,

14y amargaron su vida con dura servidumbre, en hacer barro y ladrillo, y en toda labor del campo y en todo su servicio, al cual los obligaban con rigor.

15Y habló el rey de Egipto a las parteras de las hebreas, una de las cuales se llamaba Sifra, y otra Fúa, y les dijo:

16Cuando asistáis a las hebreas en sus partos, y veáis el sexo, si es hijo, matadlo; y si es hija, entonces viva.

17Pero las parteras temieron a Dios, y no hicieron como les mandó el rey de Egipto, sino que preservaron la vida a los niños.

18Y el rey de Egipto hizo llamar a las parteras y les dijo: ¿Por qué habéis hecho esto, que habéis preservado la vida a los niños?

19Y las parteras respondieron a Faraón: Porque las mujeres hebreas no son como las egipcias; pues son robustas, y dan a luz antes que la partera venga a ellas.

20Y Dios hizo bien a las parteras; y el pueblo se multiplicó y se fortaleció en gran manera.

21Y por haber las parteras temido a Dios, él prosperó sus familias.

22Entonces Faraón mandó a todo su pueblo, diciendo: Echad al río a todo hijo que nazca, y a toda hija preservad la vida.

TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES

Versículo 1

I. 1:1-22 The need for deliverance was obviously related to the Israelites’ condition (the Egyptians…

1:1-22 The need for deliverance was obviously related to the Israelites’ condition (the Egyptians worked the people of Israel without mercy, 1:13); it also was related to promises God had made to the patriarchs years earlier. The Lord had promised Abraham that his descendants would be a great nation, living in freedom in the land of Canaan. At this point, Abraham’s descendants were slaves in Egypt under a pharaoh determined to decimate them as a people. God would have to rescue the people if his promises were to be kept. 1:1 Israel is the name God had given to Jacob, son of Isaac and grandson of Abraham (Gen 32:28). • Many years earlier, Jacob and his family had moved to Egypt, seeking refuge from severe drought (see Gen 46:1-7). Thanks to Joseph’s wisdom and leadership (see Gen 41:25-49), a steady grain supply had been stored (see Gen 42:1-2; 45:5-7).

Versículo 2

II. 1:2-4 For the births of Jacob’s sons, see Gen 29:31–30:24; 35:16-18.

1:2-4 For the births of Jacob’s sons, see Gen 29:31–30:24; 35:16-18.

Versículo 5

III. 1:5 seventy descendants: The number 75 in the Greek version and the Dead Sea Scrolls might includ…

1:5 seventy descendants: The number 75 in the Greek version and the Dead Sea Scrolls might include the five sons of Ephraim and Manasseh (Num 26:29, 35). • Jacob’s eleventh son, Joseph, had been sold into Egyptian slavery by his jealous brothers (Gen 37:18-28). God accomplished good for his people in spite of the brothers’ sin. With Joseph present in Egypt, God could use him to save the lives of the chosen people from the famine that would have destroyed them (Gen 42:1-2; 50:19-20).

Versículo 6

IV. 1:6-7 The long sojourn of Jacob’s family in Egypt was part of a divine design. God had told Abrah…

1:6-7 The long sojourn of Jacob’s family in Egypt was part of a divine design. God had told Abraham that his descendants could not receive the land of Canaan for 400 years—until the sin of the Canaanites had come to its full fruition (Gen 15:13-16). Even in Egypt, God’s promises were at work, and the descendants of aged Abraham and barren Sarah multiplied . . . greatly as God had said (Gen 15:5), because God blessed them (Ps 105:24).

Versículo 8

V. 1:8-10 From about 1650 until about 1550 BC, the northern part of Egypt, where the Israelites live…

1:8-10 From about 1650 until about 1550 BC, the northern part of Egypt, where the Israelites lived, was ruled by Semitic invaders that the Egyptians called “shepherd kings,” or Hyksos. Many scholars believe that these kings were sympathetic to the Israelites and that the Israelites may even have been allied with them. It is easy to imagine that, when these invaders were finally expelled about 1540 BC, the new rulers (Egypt’s 18th Dynasty) were very suspicious of any Semites, including the Israelites, who remained in the country.

Versículo 10

VI. 1:10 The people whom Pharaoh referred to as our enemies would almost certainly have been the remn…

1:10 The people whom Pharaoh referred to as our enemies would almost certainly have been the remnants of the Hyksos (see study note on 1:8-10).

Versículo 11

VII. 1:11 Pithom and Rameses have been identified with the modern cities of Tell el-Maskhutah and Qant…

1:11 Pithom and Rameses have been identified with the modern cities of Tell el-Maskhutah and Qantir, which archaeology shows to have been built during the Late Bronze period (1550–1250 BC), the same period in which the Israelites were present.

Versículo 12

VIII. 1:12 In spite of the concerted Egyptian oppression, the Israelites multiplied and spread; God was…

1:12 In spite of the concerted Egyptian oppression, the Israelites multiplied and spread; God was keeping his promise about giving Abraham many descendants (Gen 15:5).

Versículo 14

IX. 1:14 The only stone that the Egyptians could obtain for building purposes came from the far south…

1:14 The only stone that the Egyptians could obtain for building purposes came from the far south of the country. Therefore, in the north where the Hebrews were settled, only the most important state and religious buildings were made of stone. The rest were constructed with mortar and bricks made of durable clay with a binder such as seashells or straw mixed in. After being sun-dried in a form, these materials were surprisingly durable—especially in a land such as Egypt, where there was little rainfall or humidity.

Versículo 15

X. 1:15 Pharaoh is a title for the Egyptian ruler, not a personal name. • The origins of the word He…

1:15 Pharaoh is a title for the Egyptian ruler, not a personal name. • The origins of the word Hebrew are unclear. As used by the Egyptians and Philistines in reference to the Israelites, it was apparently a derogatory term for a despised underclass. • Whatever the number of Hebrew people (see study note on 12:37), there were clearly more than two midwives for the whole nation. Probably the two named here, Shiphrah and Puah, are representatives of the whole group. The differences between Pharaoh and the midwives are dramatic. He had great political and military power; they had none. He had great official prestige; they had very little. He was a man; they were women. He was of the ruling people; they were slaves. He was rich; they were poor. They could easily have been cowed into obedience, but they were not.

Versículo 16

XI. 1:16 watch as they deliver (literally look upon the two stones): The Hebrew might refer to a birt…

1:16 watch as they deliver (literally look upon the two stones): The Hebrew might refer to a birthstool or genitalia. • If the baby is a boy, kill him; if it is a girl, let her live: Such selective genocide would not completely deprive the Egyptians of a free labor source. When grown, the girls would be married to slaves from other people groups, effectively destroying Hebrew cohesion while keeping the supply of slaves as high as possible.

Versículo 17

XII. 1:17 The midwives . . . refused to obey the mighty Egyptian king because they feared God more tha…

1:17 The midwives . . . refused to obey the mighty Egyptian king because they feared God more than they feared Pharaoh (1:21). Fear of the Lord (reverent awe of him as the almighty Creator and Judge) is the foundation of true knowledge and of wisdom (Prov 1:7; 9:10). The Lord is a friend to those who fear him (Ps 25:14). The midwives understood that the Lord has more power than any human being.

Versículo 19

XIII. 1:19 It might trouble us that the midwives were not candid in giving their main reason for keepin…

1:19 It might trouble us that the midwives were not candid in giving their main reason for keeping the boy babies alive. Comprehensive honesty is less important to God than absolute faithfulness to him and to his believing community.

Versículo 20

XIV. 1:20-21 he gave them families: For most of history, children have had the worthy goal of growing …

1:20-21 he gave them families: For most of history, children have had the worthy goal of growing up to raise a family. God graciously granted the universal wish of these women who served him courageously and faithfully.

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Exodus — Capítulo 1