David’s ascension to power over all the tribes of Israel was lined with violence, politics, and intrigue. David was far from a perfect king—he committed adultery, then committed murder to cover it up, and chaos ensued in his family and the nation. Yet God was eternally committed to David and his descendants. He protected David during the many challenges to his authority and mercifully forgave a…
1Vinieron todas las tribus de Israel a David en Hebrón y hablaron, diciendo: Henos aquí, hueso tuyo y carne tuya somos.
2Y aun antes de ahora, cuando Saúl reinaba sobre nosotros, eras tú quien sacabas a Israel a la guerra, y lo volvías a traer. Además Jehová te ha dicho: Tú apacentarás a mi pueblo Israel, y tú serás príncipe sobre Israel.
3Vinieron, pues, todos los ancianos de Israel al rey en Hebrón, y el rey David hizo pacto con ellos en Hebrón delante de Jehová; y ungieron a David por rey sobre Israel.
4Era David de treinta años cuando comenzó a reinar, y reinó cuarenta años.
5En Hebrón reinó sobre Judá siete años y seis meses, y en Jerusalén reinó treinta y tres años sobre todo Israel y Judá.
6Entonces marchó el rey con sus hombres a Jerusalén contra los jebuseos que moraban en aquella tierra; los cuales hablaron a David, diciendo: Tú no entrarás acá, pues aun los ciegos y los cojos te echarán (queriendo decir: David no puede entrar acá).
7Pero David tomó la fortaleza de Sion, la cual es la ciudad de David.
8Y dijo David aquel día: Todo el que hiera a los jebuseos, suba por el canal y hiera a los cojos y ciegos aborrecidos del alma de David. Por esto se dijo: Ciego ni cojo no entrará en la casa.
9Y David moró en la fortaleza, y le puso por nombre la Ciudad de David; y edificó alrededor desde Milo hacia adentro.
10Y David iba adelantando y engrandeciéndose, y Jehová Dios de los ejércitos estaba con él.
11También Hiram rey de Tiro envió embajadores a David, y madera de cedro, y carpinteros, y canteros para los muros, los cuales edificaron la casa de David.
12Y entendió David que Jehová le había confirmado por rey sobre Israel, y que había engrandecido su reino por amor de su pueblo Israel.
13Y tomó David más concubinas y mujeres de Jerusalén, después que vino de Hebrón, y le nacieron más hijos e hijas.
14Estos son los nombres de los que le nacieron en Jerusalén: Samúa, Sobab, Natán, Salomón,
15Ibhar, Elisúa, Nefeg, Jafía,
16Elisama, Eliada y Elifelet.
17Oyendo los filisteos que David había sido ungido por rey sobre Israel, subieron todos los filisteos para buscar a David; y cuando David lo oyó, descendió a la fortaleza.
18Y vinieron los filisteos, y se extendieron por el valle de Refaim.
19Entonces consultó David a Jehová, diciendo: ¿Iré contra los filisteos? ¿Los entregarás en mi mano? Y Jehová respondió a David: Ve, porque ciertamente entregaré a los filisteos en tu mano.
20Y vino David a Baal-perazim, y allí los venció David, y dijo: Quebrantó Jehová a mis enemigos delante de mí, como corriente impetuosa. Por esto llamó el nombre de aquel lugar Baal-perazim.
21Y dejaron allí sus ídolos, y David y sus hombres los quemaron.
22Y los filisteos volvieron a venir, y se extendieron en el valle de Refaim.
23Y consultando David a Jehová, él le respondió: No subas, sino rodéalos, y vendrás a ellos enfrente de las balsameras.
24Y cuando oigas ruido como de marcha por las copas de las balsameras, entonces te moverás; porque Jehová saldrá delante de ti a herir el campamento de los filisteos.
25Y David lo hizo así, como Jehová se lo había mandado; e hirió a los filisteos desde Geba hasta llegar a Gezer.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
I
Versículo 1
I. 5:1-25 After the murder of Abner and Ishbosheth, the elders of the northern tribes accepted David…
5:1-25 After the murder of Abner and Ishbosheth, the elders of the northern tribes accepted David as their king. David thus obtained an extended empire (5:1-5), a new capital city (5:6-10), a new palace (5:11), a new family (5:13-16), and renewed confidence (5:17-25).
5:1 your own flesh and blood: Years of civil war had set brother against brother, resulting in much bloodshed (see 3:1).
II
Versículo 2
II. 5:2 you were the one: In the ancient world, a covenant relationship (a suzerain-vassal treaty) wa…
5:2 you were the one: In the ancient world, a covenant relationship (a suzerain-vassal treaty) was sometimes formed between subjects (the vassals) and a ruler (the suzerain) because of past aid, often rescue from enemies (see Judg 8:22, Gideon; Judg 11:8-11, Jephthah; 1 Sam 11:1-15, Saul). This type of relationship is the background for the covenant concept in Scripture: God was Israel’s covenant Lord because he had freed them from Egypt (cp. Exod 19:4; 20:1-2). • the Lord told you: Israel was already aware of God’s selection of David (cp. 2 Sam 3:9). • shepherd of my people Israel: This phrase is quoted in Matt 2:6 when King Herod asks the leading priests about the prophecies concerning the Messiah.
III
Versículo 3
III. 5:3 King David made a covenant that demanded the people’s loyalty, yet allowed them to maintain a…
5:3 King David made a covenant that demanded the people’s loyalty, yet allowed them to maintain a sense of tribal privilege and individual dignity. It served as a constitution, containing stipulations obligating both the king and the people. • they anointed him king: While David had already been anointed by Samuel (1 Sam 16:13), this public ceremony demonstrated the people’s acceptance of David as king.
IV
Versículo 4
IV. 5:4-5 Hebron: See study note on 2:1.
5:4-5 Hebron: See study note on 2:1.
V
Versículo 6
V. 5:6-10 David acquired a new capital city, Jerusalem, for the newly extended kingdom.
5:6-10 David acquired a new capital city, Jerusalem, for the newly extended kingdom.
5:6 The Jebusites resided in Jerusalem prior to its conquest by David (see Exod 34:11; Deut 7:1-6; 20:17; Josh 15:63; Judg 1:21). Nothing is known of them outside the Bible. In archaeological discoveries from Mari in Syria, a similar name (Yabasi) appears as both a clan name and a geographic location. • Even the blind and lame: The Jebusites had a false notion of invincibility. Another possible translation is you won’t enter here unless you can get rid of the blind and lame, implying that David’s capture of Jerusalem was as likely as achieving a miraculous cure for blindness and lameness.
VI
Versículo 7
VI. 5:7 the fortress of Zion: At this time Jerusalem was probably a small site of nine to twelve squa…
5:7 the fortress of Zion: At this time Jerusalem was probably a small site of nine to twelve square acres. The Jebusites’ arrogance, and the fact that the city had not been conquered previously, suggests that it was well fortified.
VII
Versículo 8
VII. 5:8 How David conquered Jerusalem is debated. Possibly he used a water tunnel as a conduit for hi…
5:8 How David conquered Jerusalem is debated. Possibly he used a water tunnel as a conduit for his troops to enter the city, but not all interpreters agree. Another possibility is that David and his men conquered Jerusalem with the more traditional siege works and by scaling the walls. The term translated water tunnel occurs only here and in Ps 42:7 (“raging seas”); the statement might be metaphorical, referring to the ferocity of the attack. • The blind and the lame may not enter the house: House could refer either to the Temple, which had not yet been built, or to David’s palace. The proverb may explain why Mephibosheth, Saul’s descendant, was barred from the throne (see study note on 2 Sam 4:4). • David also promised that those who undertook the siege of Jerusalem would become the commanders of his army (see 1 Chr 11:6).
VIII
Versículo 9
VIII. 5:9 made the fortress his home: Jerusalem was a practical place from which David could effectivel…
5:9 made the fortress his home: Jerusalem was a practical place from which David could effectively administer the extended kingdom. It was a centrally located neutral city on the border between Judah and the northern territories, and its natural fortifications and water tunnel were useful in case of siege. • the supporting terraces: See study note on 1 Kgs 9:15.
IX
Versículo 10
IX. 5:10 the Lord . . . was with him: While David was a skilled and charismatic leader, his growing s…
5:10 the Lord . . . was with him: While David was a skilled and charismatic leader, his growing success was ultimately due to God’s blessing.
X
Versículo 11
X. 5:11 Hiram of Tyre: Although the meeting of these two neighboring kings is reported just after Je…
5:11 Hiram of Tyre: Although the meeting of these two neighboring kings is reported just after Jerusalem’s conquest, it probably happened much later. Hiram remained on the throne in Tyre at least until Solomon’s twenty-fourth year, and one ancient source notes that he had a reign of thirty-four years. Another tradition implies that Hiram became king of Tyre just eight years before Solomon became king of Israel. The same king performed a similar act for Solomon (1 Kgs 5:1-18). The report of Hiram’s support is perhaps given here because it ties in with the theme of David’s confirmation and establishment as Israel’s king (2 Sam 5:12).
XI
Versículo 12
XI. 5:12 David realized that his reign as king over Israel was for the sake of God’s people Israel, n…
5:12 David realized that his reign as king over Israel was for the sake of God’s people Israel, not just for his personal benefit or enrichment.
XII
Versículo 13
XII. 5:13-16 The expansion of David’s family reflected his growing success and power as Israel’s king.…
5:13-16 The expansion of David’s family reflected his growing success and power as Israel’s king. Solomon was David’s most important Jerusalem-born son (see 12:24-25).
XIII
Versículo 17
XIII. 5:17-25 For the first time as king, David engaged the Philistines in battle. • David’s life has b…
5:17-25 For the first time as king, David engaged the Philistines in battle. • David’s life has been portrayed thus far in 2 Samuel with a repeated pattern: He was crowned king in Hebron (2:4), won a battle (2:12-17), became stronger (3:1), and started a large family (3:2-5). Now he was crowned in Jerusalem (5:3), became stronger (5:10), expanded his family (5:13-14), and won a battle (5:17-25). This parallel structure draws attention to both of David’s coronations with signs of divine blessing and prosperity.
XIV
Versículo 18
XIV. 5:18 The valley of Rephaim is located between Bethlehem and Jerusalem (cp. 23:13-14).
5:18 The valley of Rephaim is located between Bethlehem and Jerusalem (cp. 23:13-14).
XV
Versículo 20
XV. 5:20 Baal-perazim: David used the term Baal to honor the Lord for the victory he gave Israel. The…
5:20 Baal-perazim: David used the term Baal to honor the Lord for the victory he gave Israel. The title means “the lord of earthquakes/openings,” and was evidently an acceptable title for Yahweh until the Canaanite worship of Baal became an overwhelming problem in Israel. Every time David engaged in combat with the Philistines in 2 Samuel (5:17-25; 8:1; 21:15-22; 23:13-17), he won without losing a single soldier. How different from Saul, for whom victory over the Philistines was impossible!
16
Versículo 21
16. 5:21 David . . . confiscated them: David’s confiscation of the Philistines’ idols was payback for…
5:21 David . . . confiscated them: David’s confiscation of the Philistines’ idols was payback for their capture of the Ark during Eli’s time (1 Sam 4:1b-11). David burned the idols rather than carrying them off as trophies (1 Chr 14:12).
17
Versículo 23
17. 5:23 David again asked the Lord (5:19), but this time God gave a much more detailed answer. Unlik…
5:23 David again asked the Lord (5:19), but this time God gave a much more detailed answer. Unlike the frontal assault of 5:20, God instructed David to circle around behind the enemy.
18
Versículo 25
18. 5:25 Gibeon: David cleared the Philistines from the central hill country of Israel between Gibeon…
5:25 Gibeon: David cleared the Philistines from the central hill country of Israel between Gibeon in the east (in Benjamin, north of Jerusalem) to Gezer in the west.
Antiguo Testamento
2 Samuel — Capítulo 5
David’s ascension to power over all the tribes of Israel was lined with violence, politics, and intrigue. David was far from a perfect king—he committed adultery, then committed murder to cover it up, and chaos ensued in his family and the nation. Yet God was eternally committed to David and his descendants. He protected David during the many challenges to his authority and mercifully forgave a…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Vinieron todas las tribus de Israel a David en Hebrón y hablaron, diciendo: Henos aquí, hueso tuyo y carne tuya somos.
2Y aun antes de ahora, cuando Saúl reinaba sobre nosotros, eras tú quien sacabas a Israel a la guerra, y lo volvías a traer. Además Jehová te ha dicho: Tú apacentarás a mi pueblo Israel, y tú serás príncipe sobre Israel.
3Vinieron, pues, todos los ancianos de Israel al rey en Hebrón, y el rey David hizo pacto con ellos en Hebrón delante de Jehová; y ungieron a David por rey sobre Israel.
4Era David de treinta años cuando comenzó a reinar, y reinó cuarenta años.
5En Hebrón reinó sobre Judá siete años y seis meses, y en Jerusalén reinó treinta y tres años sobre todo Israel y Judá.
6Entonces marchó el rey con sus hombres a Jerusalén contra los jebuseos que moraban en aquella tierra; los cuales hablaron a David, diciendo: Tú no entrarás acá, pues aun los ciegos y los cojos te echarán (queriendo decir: David no puede entrar acá).
7Pero David tomó la fortaleza de Sion, la cual es la ciudad de David.
8Y dijo David aquel día: Todo el que hiera a los jebuseos, suba por el canal y hiera a los cojos y ciegos aborrecidos del alma de David. Por esto se dijo: Ciego ni cojo no entrará en la casa.
9Y David moró en la fortaleza, y le puso por nombre la Ciudad de David; y edificó alrededor desde Milo hacia adentro.
10Y David iba adelantando y engrandeciéndose, y Jehová Dios de los ejércitos estaba con él.
11También Hiram rey de Tiro envió embajadores a David, y madera de cedro, y carpinteros, y canteros para los muros, los cuales edificaron la casa de David.
12Y entendió David que Jehová le había confirmado por rey sobre Israel, y que había engrandecido su reino por amor de su pueblo Israel.
13Y tomó David más concubinas y mujeres de Jerusalén, después que vino de Hebrón, y le nacieron más hijos e hijas.
14Estos son los nombres de los que le nacieron en Jerusalén: Samúa, Sobab, Natán, Salomón,
15Ibhar, Elisúa, Nefeg, Jafía,
16Elisama, Eliada y Elifelet.
17Oyendo los filisteos que David había sido ungido por rey sobre Israel, subieron todos los filisteos para buscar a David; y cuando David lo oyó, descendió a la fortaleza.
18Y vinieron los filisteos, y se extendieron por el valle de Refaim.
19Entonces consultó David a Jehová, diciendo: ¿Iré contra los filisteos? ¿Los entregarás en mi mano? Y Jehová respondió a David: Ve, porque ciertamente entregaré a los filisteos en tu mano.
20Y vino David a Baal-perazim, y allí los venció David, y dijo: Quebrantó Jehová a mis enemigos delante de mí, como corriente impetuosa. Por esto llamó el nombre de aquel lugar Baal-perazim.
21Y dejaron allí sus ídolos, y David y sus hombres los quemaron.
22Y los filisteos volvieron a venir, y se extendieron en el valle de Refaim.
23Y consultando David a Jehová, él le respondió: No subas, sino rodéalos, y vendrás a ellos enfrente de las balsameras.
24Y cuando oigas ruido como de marcha por las copas de las balsameras, entonces te moverás; porque Jehová saldrá delante de ti a herir el campamento de los filisteos.
25Y David lo hizo así, como Jehová se lo había mandado; e hirió a los filisteos desde Geba hasta llegar a Gezer.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
Versículo 1
I. 5:1-25 After the murder of Abner and Ishbosheth, the elders of the northern tribes accepted David…
Versículo 2
II. 5:2 you were the one: In the ancient world, a covenant relationship (a suzerain-vassal treaty) wa…
Versículo 3
III. 5:3 King David made a covenant that demanded the people’s loyalty, yet allowed them to maintain a…
Versículo 4
IV. 5:4-5 Hebron: See study note on 2:1.
Versículo 6
V. 5:6-10 David acquired a new capital city, Jerusalem, for the newly extended kingdom.
Versículo 7
VI. 5:7 the fortress of Zion: At this time Jerusalem was probably a small site of nine to twelve squa…
Versículo 8
VII. 5:8 How David conquered Jerusalem is debated. Possibly he used a water tunnel as a conduit for hi…
Versículo 9
VIII. 5:9 made the fortress his home: Jerusalem was a practical place from which David could effectivel…
Versículo 10
IX. 5:10 the Lord . . . was with him: While David was a skilled and charismatic leader, his growing s…
Versículo 11
X. 5:11 Hiram of Tyre: Although the meeting of these two neighboring kings is reported just after Je…
Versículo 12
XI. 5:12 David realized that his reign as king over Israel was for the sake of God’s people Israel, n…
Versículo 13
XII. 5:13-16 The expansion of David’s family reflected his growing success and power as Israel’s king.…
Versículo 17
XIII. 5:17-25 For the first time as king, David engaged the Philistines in battle. • David’s life has b…
Versículo 18
XIV. 5:18 The valley of Rephaim is located between Bethlehem and Jerusalem (cp. 23:13-14).
Versículo 20
XV. 5:20 Baal-perazim: David used the term Baal to honor the Lord for the victory he gave Israel. The…
Versículo 21
16. 5:21 David . . . confiscated them: David’s confiscation of the Philistines’ idols was payback for…
Versículo 23
17. 5:23 David again asked the Lord (5:19), but this time God gave a much more detailed answer. Unlik…
Versículo 25
18. 5:25 Gibeon: David cleared the Philistines from the central hill country of Israel between Gibeon…