Many worldviews, religious perspectives, and cultural values clamor for attention. Second Peter urges growth in Christ’s grace and warns against compromising the Christian faith by mixing it with ideas that are foreign to Christianity. Setting Second Peter was probably written to the same group of Christians as 1 Peter (1 Pet 1:1; see 2 Pet 3:1). We do not know if Peter ever visited Asia Minor—…
1Pero hubo también falsos profetas entre el pueblo, como habrá entre vosotros falsos maestros, que introducirán encubiertamente herejías destructoras, y aun negarán al Señor que los rescató, atrayendo sobre sí mismos destrucción repentina.
2Y muchos seguirán sus disoluciones, por causa de los cuales el camino de la verdad será blasfemado,
3y por avaricia harán mercadería de vosotros con palabras fingidas. Sobre los tales ya de largo tiempo la condenación no se tarda, y su perdición no se duerme.
4Porque si Dios no perdonó a los ángeles que pecaron, sino que arrojándolos al infierno los entregó a prisiones de oscuridad, para ser reservados al juicio;
5y si no perdonó al mundo antiguo, sino que guardó a Noé, pregonero de justicia, con otras siete personas, trayendo el diluvio sobre el mundo de los impíos;
6y si condenó por destrucción a las ciudades de Sodoma y de Gomorra, reduciéndolas a ceniza y poniéndolas de ejemplo a los que habían de vivir impíamente,
7y libró al justo Lot, abrumado por la nefanda conducta de los malvados
8(porque este justo, que moraba entre ellos, afligía cada día su alma justa, viendo y oyendo los hechos inicuos de ellos),
9sabe el Señor librar de tentación a los piadosos, y reservar a los injustos para ser castigados en el día del juicio;
10y mayormente a aquellos que, siguiendo la carne, andan en concupiscencia e inmundicia, y desprecian el señorío. Atrevidos y contumaces, no temen decir mal de las potestades superiores,
11mientras que los ángeles, que son mayores en fuerza y en potencia, no pronuncian juicio de maldición contra ellas delante del Señor.
12Pero estos, hablando mal de cosas que no entienden, como animales irracionales, nacidos para presa y destrucción, perecerán en su propia perdición,
13recibiendo el galardón de su injusticia, ya que tienen por delicia el gozar de deleites cada día. Estos son inmundicias y manchas, quienes aun mientras comen con vosotros, se recrean en sus errores.
14Tienen los ojos llenos de adulterio, no se sacian de pecar, seducen a las almas inconstantes, tienen el corazón habituado a la codicia, y son hijos de maldición.
15Han dejado el camino recto, y se han extraviado siguiendo el camino de Balaam hijo de Beor, el cual amó el premio de la maldad,
16y fue reprendido por su iniquidad; pues una muda bestia de carga, hablando con voz de hombre, refrenó la locura del profeta.
17Estos son fuentes sin agua, y nubes empujadas por la tormenta; para los cuales la más densa oscuridad está reservada para siempre.
18Pues hablando palabras infladas y vanas, seducen con concupiscencias de la carne y disoluciones a los que verdaderamente habían huido de los que viven en error.
19Les prometen libertad, y son ellos mismos esclavos de corrupción. Porque el que es vencido por alguno es hecho esclavo del que lo venció.
20Ciertamente, si habiéndose ellos escapado de las contaminaciones del mundo, por el conocimiento del Señor y Salvador Jesucristo, enredándose otra vez en ellas son vencidos, su postrer estado viene a ser peor que el primero.
21Porque mejor les hubiera sido no haber conocido el camino de la justicia, que después de haberlo conocido, volverse atrás del santo mandamiento que les fue dado.
22Pero les ha acontecido lo del verdadero proverbio: El perro vuelve a su vómito, y la puerca lavada a revolcarse en el cieno.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
I
Versículo 1
I. 2:1-3 Alongside authentic prophets (1:20-21), there have always been false prophets who receive G…
2:1-3 Alongside authentic prophets (1:20-21), there have always been false prophets who receive God’s judgment.
2:1 They will: Peter’s use of the future tense in 2:1-3 does not imply that false prophets had not yet come, but it alludes to Jesus’ prediction that false teachers would arise (Matt 24:11, 24; Mark 13:22; cp. Acts 20:29-31; 2 Tim 3:1-6). The false teachers who had arisen fulfilled that prediction. • deny the Master who bought them: The false teachers might have been overtly renouncing Christ, but it is more likely that their immoral conduct constituted a denial of Christ (cp. Titus 1:16).
II
Versículo 2
II. 2:2 One of the saddest effects of false teaching is that the way of truth will be slandered by a …
2:2 One of the saddest effects of false teaching is that the way of truth will be slandered by a watching world. By their immoral and greedy conduct, false teachers bring shame on Christ.
III
Versículo 4
III. 2:4-10 Three Old Testament examples of judgment show that God will vindicate those who remain fai…
2:4-10 Three Old Testament examples of judgment show that God will vindicate those who remain faithful to him and will condemn those who deny him, including the false teachers (see 2:3).
2:4 The first example of judgment is the angels who sinned: The widespread Jewish tradition was that “the sons of God” in Gen 6:1-5 (understood as angels) had intercourse with women and were therefore judged by God at that time (see 1 Enoch 6–10; cp. 1 Pet 3:19-20; Jude 1:6). • in gloomy pits of darkness: This description of the underworld was popular in the ancient world and is probably metaphorical.
IV
Versículo 5
IV. 2:5 The second example of judgment is that God did not spare the ancient world at the time of Noa…
2:5 The second example of judgment is that God did not spare the ancient world at the time of Noah. In the flood, God destroyed all human life apart from Noah and his family (see Gen 6–8).
V
Versículo 6
V. 2:6 The third example of judgment is that God condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. The peo…
2:6 The third example of judgment is that God condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. The people of these cities were so immoral that God rained down sulfur from heaven to destroy them (Gen 19:24). Peter focuses on the result of this action: The cities were turned into heaps of ashes.
VI
Versículo 7
VI. 2:7-8 Even though the Old Testament does not portray Lot as a particularly righteous man (see “Lo…
2:7-8 Even though the Old Testament does not portray Lot as a particularly righteous man (see “Lot” Profile), he remained basically faithful to the Lord; Jewish tradition also portrays him as righteous (see Wisdom of Solomon 10:6; 19:17).
VII
Versículo 9
VII. 2:9 the Lord knows how to rescue godly people from their trials: As illustrated by Noah’s family …
2:9 the Lord knows how to rescue godly people from their trials: As illustrated by Noah’s family (2:5) and Lot (2:7), the Lord is faithful to his own people. Peter’s readers needed assurance that their struggles to live godly lives in the face of false teaching and the world’s scorn would be rewarded.
VIII
Versículo 10
VIII. 2:10a twisted sexual desire: The reference is to illicit sexual desire generally and possibly to …
2:10a twisted sexual desire: The reference is to illicit sexual desire generally and possibly to homosexuality in particular (cp. reference to Sodom and Gomorrah, 2:6). • The false teachers were so arrogant that they refused to listen to any authority but their own.
2:10b-16 This profile of the false teachers focuses more on how they were living than on what they were teaching.
2:10b supernatural beings: Probably evil angels, in contrast to the angels of 2:11. It is wrong to scoff even at evil angels, because they bear the mark of their glorious origin—they have real power and pose a real threat to humans.
IX
Versículo 11
IX. 2:11 Even angels . . . do not dare to charge evil supernatural beings with blasphemy, but the fal…
2:11 Even angels . . . do not dare to charge evil supernatural beings with blasphemy, but the false teachers were so arrogant that they did not hesitate to do so.
X
Versículo 13
X. 2:13 They delight in deception even as they eat with you in your fellowship meals: Cp. Jude 1:12.…
2:13 They delight in deception even as they eat with you in your fellowship meals: Cp. Jude 1:12. Christians often ate fellowship meals together in celebration of the Lord (see Acts 2:46; 6:1). The false teachers were using these mealtimes as opportunities to deceive true believers. Some manuscripts read They delight (or revel, or carouse) in their fellowship meals as they eat with you. If this reading is correct, they were using the fellowship meals for self-indulgence (cp. 1 Cor 11:20-22).
XI
Versículo 15
XI. 2:15 who loved to earn money by doing wrong: Despite consulting with God about what he should do,…
2:15 who loved to earn money by doing wrong: Despite consulting with God about what he should do, Balaam was determined to go his own way in hopes of receiving Balak’s money (see Num 22–24). The Old Testament account hints at Balaam’s greed, and Jewish tradition developed this theme (see Numbers Rabbah 20:10; Mishnah Avot 5:22; Philo, Moses 1:266-268).
XII
Versículo 17
XII. 2:17-22 Peter continues his description of the false teachers by explaining their effect on other…
2:17-22 Peter continues his description of the false teachers by explaining their effect on other people.
XIII
Versículo 18
XIII. 2:18 those who have barely escaped: The false teachers cleverly targeted new converts, people who…
2:18 those who have barely escaped: The false teachers cleverly targeted new converts, people who had only recently committed themselves to Christ.
XIV
Versículo 19
XIV. 2:19 One of the great lures of false teaching through the centuries has been the promise of freed…
2:19 One of the great lures of false teaching through the centuries has been the promise of freedom from authority, but such freedom is illusory (Rom 6:16). The false teachers, while reveling in their freedom from authority (see 2 Pet 2:10), were in fact slaves to sin and corruption.
XV
Versículo 20
XV. 2:20 they are worse off than before: The false teachers or their followers had known the truth, b…
2:20 they are worse off than before: The false teachers or their followers had known the truth, but their deliberate rejection of that truth put them in a far worse situation than when they ignorantly lived in sin.
16
Versículo 22
16. 2:22 “A dog returns to its vomit”: Dogs were not seen as friendly family pets but as wild and fil…
2:22 “A dog returns to its vomit”: Dogs were not seen as friendly family pets but as wild and filthy beasts. • “A washed pig returns to the mud”: This proverb might go back to a popular book of sayings called Ahiqar from around 500 BC, which reads, “My son, you have been to me like the pig who went into the hot bath with people of quality, and when it came out of the hot bath, it saw a filthy hole and went down and wallowed in it” (Ahiqar 8:18).
Nuevo Testamento
2 Peter — Capítulo 2
Many worldviews, religious perspectives, and cultural values clamor for attention. Second Peter urges growth in Christ’s grace and warns against compromising the Christian faith by mixing it with ideas that are foreign to Christianity. Setting Second Peter was probably written to the same group of Christians as 1 Peter (1 Pet 1:1; see 2 Pet 3:1). We do not know if Peter ever visited Asia Minor—…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Pero hubo también falsos profetas entre el pueblo, como habrá entre vosotros falsos maestros, que introducirán encubiertamente herejías destructoras, y aun negarán al Señor que los rescató, atrayendo sobre sí mismos destrucción repentina.
2Y muchos seguirán sus disoluciones, por causa de los cuales el camino de la verdad será blasfemado,
3y por avaricia harán mercadería de vosotros con palabras fingidas. Sobre los tales ya de largo tiempo la condenación no se tarda, y su perdición no se duerme.
4Porque si Dios no perdonó a los ángeles que pecaron, sino que arrojándolos al infierno los entregó a prisiones de oscuridad, para ser reservados al juicio;
5y si no perdonó al mundo antiguo, sino que guardó a Noé, pregonero de justicia, con otras siete personas, trayendo el diluvio sobre el mundo de los impíos;
6y si condenó por destrucción a las ciudades de Sodoma y de Gomorra, reduciéndolas a ceniza y poniéndolas de ejemplo a los que habían de vivir impíamente,
7y libró al justo Lot, abrumado por la nefanda conducta de los malvados
8(porque este justo, que moraba entre ellos, afligía cada día su alma justa, viendo y oyendo los hechos inicuos de ellos),
9sabe el Señor librar de tentación a los piadosos, y reservar a los injustos para ser castigados en el día del juicio;
10y mayormente a aquellos que, siguiendo la carne, andan en concupiscencia e inmundicia, y desprecian el señorío. Atrevidos y contumaces, no temen decir mal de las potestades superiores,
11mientras que los ángeles, que son mayores en fuerza y en potencia, no pronuncian juicio de maldición contra ellas delante del Señor.
12Pero estos, hablando mal de cosas que no entienden, como animales irracionales, nacidos para presa y destrucción, perecerán en su propia perdición,
13recibiendo el galardón de su injusticia, ya que tienen por delicia el gozar de deleites cada día. Estos son inmundicias y manchas, quienes aun mientras comen con vosotros, se recrean en sus errores.
14Tienen los ojos llenos de adulterio, no se sacian de pecar, seducen a las almas inconstantes, tienen el corazón habituado a la codicia, y son hijos de maldición.
15Han dejado el camino recto, y se han extraviado siguiendo el camino de Balaam hijo de Beor, el cual amó el premio de la maldad,
16y fue reprendido por su iniquidad; pues una muda bestia de carga, hablando con voz de hombre, refrenó la locura del profeta.
17Estos son fuentes sin agua, y nubes empujadas por la tormenta; para los cuales la más densa oscuridad está reservada para siempre.
18Pues hablando palabras infladas y vanas, seducen con concupiscencias de la carne y disoluciones a los que verdaderamente habían huido de los que viven en error.
19Les prometen libertad, y son ellos mismos esclavos de corrupción. Porque el que es vencido por alguno es hecho esclavo del que lo venció.
20Ciertamente, si habiéndose ellos escapado de las contaminaciones del mundo, por el conocimiento del Señor y Salvador Jesucristo, enredándose otra vez en ellas son vencidos, su postrer estado viene a ser peor que el primero.
21Porque mejor les hubiera sido no haber conocido el camino de la justicia, que después de haberlo conocido, volverse atrás del santo mandamiento que les fue dado.
22Pero les ha acontecido lo del verdadero proverbio: El perro vuelve a su vómito, y la puerca lavada a revolcarse en el cieno.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
Versículo 1
I. 2:1-3 Alongside authentic prophets (1:20-21), there have always been false prophets who receive G…
Versículo 2
II. 2:2 One of the saddest effects of false teaching is that the way of truth will be slandered by a …
Versículo 4
III. 2:4-10 Three Old Testament examples of judgment show that God will vindicate those who remain fai…
Versículo 5
IV. 2:5 The second example of judgment is that God did not spare the ancient world at the time of Noa…
Versículo 6
V. 2:6 The third example of judgment is that God condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. The peo…
Versículo 7
VI. 2:7-8 Even though the Old Testament does not portray Lot as a particularly righteous man (see “Lo…
Versículo 9
VII. 2:9 the Lord knows how to rescue godly people from their trials: As illustrated by Noah’s family …
Versículo 10
VIII. 2:10a twisted sexual desire: The reference is to illicit sexual desire generally and possibly to …
Versículo 11
IX. 2:11 Even angels . . . do not dare to charge evil supernatural beings with blasphemy, but the fal…
Versículo 13
X. 2:13 They delight in deception even as they eat with you in your fellowship meals: Cp. Jude 1:12.…
Versículo 15
XI. 2:15 who loved to earn money by doing wrong: Despite consulting with God about what he should do,…
Versículo 17
XII. 2:17-22 Peter continues his description of the false teachers by explaining their effect on other…
Versículo 18
XIII. 2:18 those who have barely escaped: The false teachers cleverly targeted new converts, people who…
Versículo 19
XIV. 2:19 One of the great lures of false teaching through the centuries has been the promise of freed…
Versículo 20
XV. 2:20 they are worse off than before: The false teachers or their followers had known the truth, b…
Versículo 22
16. 2:22 “A dog returns to its vomit”: Dogs were not seen as friendly family pets but as wild and fil…