(Job 30:1-31) younger--not the three friends (Job 15:10; Job 32:4, Job 32:6-7). A general description: Job 30:1-8, the lowness of the persons who derided him; Job 30:9-15, the derision itself. Formerly old men rose to…
1Pero ahora se ríen de mí los más jóvenes que yo, A cuyos padres yo desdeñara poner con los perros de mi ganado.
2¿Y de qué me serviría ni aun la fuerza de sus manos? No tienen fuerza alguna.
3Por causa de la pobreza y del hambre andaban solos; Huían a la soledad, a lugar tenebroso, asolado y desierto.
4Recogían malvas entre los arbustos, Y raíces de enebro para calentarse.
5Eran arrojados de entre las gentes, Y todos les daban grita como tras el ladrón.
6Habitaban en las barrancas de los arroyos, En las cavernas de la tierra, y en las rocas.
7Bramaban entre las matas, Y se reunían debajo de los espinos.
8Hijos de viles, y hombres sin nombre, Más bajos que la misma tierra.
9Y ahora yo soy objeto de su burla, Y les sirvo de refrán.
10Me abominan, se alejan de mí, Y aun de mi rostro no detuvieron su saliva.
11Porque Dios desató su cuerda, y me afligió, Por eso se desenfrenaron delante de mi rostro.
12A la mano derecha se levantó el populacho; Empujaron mis pies, Y prepararon contra mí caminos de perdición.
13Mi senda desbarataron, Se aprovecharon de mi quebrantamiento, Y contra ellos no hubo ayudador.
14Vinieron como por portillo ancho, Se revolvieron sobre mi calamidad.
15Se han revuelto turbaciones sobre mí; Combatieron como viento mi honor, Y mi prosperidad pasó como nube.
16Y ahora mi alma está derramada en mí; Días de aflicción se apoderan de mí.
17La noche taladra mis huesos, Y los dolores que me roen no reposan.
18La violencia deforma mi vestidura; me ciñe como el cuello de mi túnica.
19Él me derribó en el lodo, Y soy semejante al polvo y a la ceniza.
20Clamo a ti, y no me oyes; Me presento, y no me atiendes.
21Te has vuelto cruel para mí; Con el poder de tu mano me persigues.
22Me alzaste sobre el viento, me hiciste cabalgar en él, Y disolviste mi sustancia.
23Porque yo sé que me conduces a la muerte, Y a la casa determinada a todo viviente.
24Mas él no extenderá la mano contra el sepulcro; ¿Clamarán los sepultados cuando él los quebrantare?
25¿No lloré yo al afligido? Y mi alma, ¿no se entristeció sobre el menesteroso?
26Cuando esperaba yo el bien, entonces vino el mal; Y cuando esperaba luz, vino la oscuridad.
27Mis entrañas se agitan, y no reposan; Días de aflicción me han sobrecogido.
28Ando ennegrecido, y no por el sol; Me he levantado en la congregación, y clamado.
29He venido a ser hermano de chacales, Y compañero de avestruces.
30Mi piel se ha ennegrecido y se me cae, Y mis huesos arden de calor.
31Se ha cambiado mi arpa en luto, Y mi flauta en voz de lamentadores.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
I
Versículo 2
I. If their fathers could be of no profit to me, much less the sons, who are feebler than their sire…
If their fathers could be of no profit to me, much less the sons, who are feebler than their sires; and in whose case the hope of attaining old age is utterly gone, so puny are they (Job 5:26) [MAURER]. Even if they had "strength of hands," that could be now of no use to me, as all I want in my present affliction is sympathy.
II
Versículo 3
II. solitary--literally, "hard as a rock"; so translate, rather, "dried up," emaciated with hunger. J…
solitary--literally, "hard as a rock"; so translate, rather, "dried up," emaciated with hunger. Job describes the rudest race of Bedouins of the desert [UMBREIT].
fleeing--So the Septuagint. Better, as Syriac, Arabic, and Vulgate, "gnawers of the wilderness." What they gnaw follows in Job 30:4.
in former time--literally, the "yesternight of desolation and waste" (the most utter desolation; Eze 6:14); that is, those deserts frightful as night to man, and even there from time immemorial. I think both ideas are in the words darkness [GESENIUS] and antiquity [UMBREIT]. (Isa 30:33, Margin).
III
Versículo 4
III. mallows--rather, "salt-wort," which grows in deserts and is eaten as a salad by the poor [MAURER].
mallows--rather, "salt-wort," which grows in deserts and is eaten as a salad by the poor [MAURER].
by the bushes--among the bushes.
juniper--rather, a kind of broom, Spartium junceum [LINNÆUS], still called in Arabia, as in the Hebrew of Job, retem, of which the bitter roots are eaten by the poor.
IV
Versículo 5
IV. they cried--that is, "a cry is raised." Expressing the contempt felt for this race by civilized a…
they cried--that is, "a cry is raised." Expressing the contempt felt for this race by civilized and well-born Arabs. When these wild vagabonds make an incursion on villages, they are driven away, as thieves would be.
V
Versículo 6
V. They are forced "to dwell."
They are forced "to dwell."
cliffs of the valleys--rather, "in the gloomy valleys"; literally, "in the gloom of the valleys," or wadies. To dwell in valleys is, in the East, a mark of wretchedness. The troglodytes, in parts of Arabia, lived in such dwellings as caves.
VI
Versículo 7
VI. brayed--like the wild ass (Job 6:5 for food). The inarticulate tones of this uncivilized rabble a…
brayed--like the wild ass (Job 6:5 for food). The inarticulate tones of this uncivilized rabble are but little above those of the beast of the field.
gathered together--rather, sprinkled here and there. Literally, "poured out," graphically picturing their disorderly mode of encampment, lying up and down behind the thorn bushes.
nettles--or brambles [UMBREIT].
VII
Versículo 8
VII. fools--that is, the impious and abandoned (Sa1 25:25).
fools--that is, the impious and abandoned (Sa1 25:25).
base--nameless, low-born rabble.
viler than, &c.--rather, they were driven or beaten out of the land. The Horites in Mount Seir (Gen 14:6 with which compare Gen 36:20-21; Deu 2:12, Deu 2:22) were probably the aborigines, driven out by the tribe to which Job's ancestors belonged; their name means troglodytÃ&brvbr, or "dwellers in caves." To these Job alludes here (Job 30:1-8, and Gen 24:4-8, which compare together).
VIII
Versículo 9
VIII. (Job 17:6). Strikingly similar to the derision Jesus Christ underwent (Lam 3:14; Psa 69:12). Here…
(Job 17:6). Strikingly similar to the derision Jesus Christ underwent (Lam 3:14; Psa 69:12). Here Job returns to the sentiment in Job 30:1. It is to such I am become a song of "derision."
IX
Versículo 10
IX. in my face--rather, refrain not to spit in deliberate contempt before my face. To spit at all in …
in my face--rather, refrain not to spit in deliberate contempt before my face. To spit at all in presence of another is thought in the East insulting, much more so when done to mark "abhorrence." Compare the further insult to Jesus Christ (Isa 50:6; Mat 26:67).
X
Versículo 11
X. He--that is, "God"; antithetical to "they"; English Version here follows the marginal reading (Ke…
He--that is, "God"; antithetical to "they"; English Version here follows the marginal reading (Keri).
my cord--image from a bow unstrung; opposed to Job 29:20. The text (Chetib), "His cord" or "reins" is better; "yea, each lets loose his reins" [UMBREIT].
XI
Versículo 12
XI. youth--rather, a (low) brood. To rise on the right hand is to accuse, as that was the position of…
youth--rather, a (low) brood. To rise on the right hand is to accuse, as that was the position of the accuser in court (Zac 3:1; Psa 109:6).
push . . . feet--jostle me out of the way (Job 24:4).
ways of--that is, their ways of (that is, with a view to my) destruction. Image, as in Job 19:12, from a besieging army throwing up a way of approach for itself to a city.
XII
Versículo 13
XII. Image of an assailed fortress continued. They tear up the path by which succor might reach me.
Image of an assailed fortress continued. They tear up the path by which succor might reach me.
set forward-- (Zac 1:15).
they have no helper--Arabic proverb for contemptible persons. Yet even such afflict Job.
XIII
Versículo 14
XIII. waters--(So Sa2 5:20). But it is better to retain the image of Job 30:12-13. "They came [upon me]…
waters--(So Sa2 5:20). But it is better to retain the image of Job 30:12-13. "They came [upon me] as through a wide breach," namely, made by the besiegers in the wall of a fortress (Isa 30:13) [MAURER].
in the desolation--"Amidst the crash" of falling masonry, or "with a shout like the crash" of, &c.
XIV
Versículo 15
XIV. they--terrors.
they--terrors.
soul--rather, "my dignity" [UMBREIT].
welfare--prosperity.
cloud-- (Job 7:9; Isa 44:22).
XV
Versículo 16
XV. Job's outward calamities affect his mind.
Job's outward calamities affect his mind.
poured out--in irrepressible complaints (Psa 42:4; Jos 7:5).
16
Versículo 17
16. In the Hebrew, night is poetically personified, as in Job 3:3 : "night pierceth my bones (so that…
In the Hebrew, night is poetically personified, as in Job 3:3 : "night pierceth my bones (so that they fall) from me" (not as English Version, "in me"; see Job 30:30).
sinews--so the Arabic, "veins," akin to the Hebrew; rather, "gnawers" (see on Job 30:3), namely, my gnawing pains never cease. Effects of elephantiasis.
17
Versículo 18
17. of my disease--rather, "of God" (Job 23:6).
of my disease--rather, "of God" (Job 23:6).
garment changed--from a robe of honor to one of mourning, literally (Job 2:8; Joh 3:6) and metaphorically [UMBREIT]. Or rather, as SCHUTTENS, following up Job 30:17, My outer garment is changed into affliction; that is, affliction has become my outer garment; it also bindeth me fast round (my throat) as the collar of the inner coat; that is, it is both my inner and outer garment. Observe the distinction between the inner and outer garments. The latter refers to his afflictions from without (Job 30:1-13); the former his personal afflictions (Job 30:14-23). UMBREIT makes "God" subject to "bindeth," as in Job 30:19.
18
Versículo 19
18. God is poetically said to do that which the mourner had done to himself (Job 2:8). With lying in …
God is poetically said to do that which the mourner had done to himself (Job 2:8). With lying in the ashes he had become, like them, in dirty color.
19
Versículo 20
19. stand up--the reverential attitude of a suppliant before a king (Kg1 8:14; Luk 18:11-13).
stand up--the reverential attitude of a suppliant before a king (Kg1 8:14; Luk 18:11-13).
not--supplied from the first clause. But the intervening affirmative "stand" makes this ellipsis unlikely. Rather, as in Job 16:9 (not only dost thou refuse aid to me "standing" as a suppliant, but), thou dost regard me with a frown: eye me sternly.
20
Versículo 22
20. liftest . . . to wind--as a "leaf" or "stubble" (Job 13:25). The moving pillars of sand, raised b…
liftest . . . to wind--as a "leaf" or "stubble" (Job 13:25). The moving pillars of sand, raised by the wind to the clouds, as described by travellers, would happily depict Job's agitated spirit, if it be to them that he alludes.
dissolvest . . . substance--The marginal Hebrew reading (Keri), "my wealth," or else "wisdom," that is, sense and spirit, or "my hope of deliverance." But the text (Chetib) is better: Thou dissolvest me (with fear, Exo 15:15) in the crash (of the whirlwind; see on Job 30:14) [MAURER]. UMBREIT translates as a verb, "Thou terrifiest me."
21
Versículo 23
21. This shows Job 19:25 cannot be restricted to Job's hope of a temporal deliverance.
This shows Job 19:25 cannot be restricted to Job's hope of a temporal deliverance.
death--as in Job 28:22, the realm of the dead (Heb 9:27; Gen 3:19).
22
Versículo 24
22. Expressing Job's faith as to the state after death. Though one must go to the grave, yet He will …
Expressing Job's faith as to the state after death. Though one must go to the grave, yet He will no more afflict in the ruin of the body (so Hebrew for "grave") there, if one has cried to Him when being destroyed. The "stretching of His hand" to punish after death answers antithetically to the raising "the cry" of prayer in the second clause. MAURER gives another translation which accords with the scope of Job 30:24-31; if it be natural for one in affliction to ask aid, why should it be considered (by the friends) wrong in my case? "Nevertheless does not a man in ruin stretch out his hand" (imploring help, Job 30:20; Lam 1:17)? If one be in his calamity (destruction) is there not therefore a "cry" (for aid)? Thus in the parallelism "cry" answers to "stretch--hand"; "in his calamity," to "in ruin." The negative of the first clause is to be supplied in the second, as in Job 30:25 (Job 28:17).
23
Versículo 25
23. May I not be allowed to complain of my calamity, and beg relief, seeing that I myself sympathized…
May I not be allowed to complain of my calamity, and beg relief, seeing that I myself sympathized with those "in trouble" (literally, "hard of day"; those who had a hard time of it).
24
Versículo 26
24. I may be allowed to crave help, seeing that, "when I looked for good (on account of my piety and …
I may be allowed to crave help, seeing that, "when I looked for good (on account of my piety and charity), yet evil," &c.
light-- (Job 22:28).
25
Versículo 27
25. bowels--regarded as the seat of deep feeling (Isa 16:11).
bowels--regarded as the seat of deep feeling (Isa 16:11).
boiled--violently heated and agitated.
prevented--Old English for "unexpectedly came upon" me, "surprised" me.
26
Versículo 28
26. mourning--rather, I move about blackened, though not by the sun; that is, whereas many are blacke…
mourning--rather, I move about blackened, though not by the sun; that is, whereas many are blackened by the sun, I am, by the heat of God's wrath (so "boiled," Job 30:27); the elephantiasis covering me with blackness of skin (Job 30:30), as with the garb of mourning (Jer 14:2). This striking enigmatic form of Hebrew expression occurs, Isa 29:9.
stood up--as an innocent man crying for justice in an assembled court (Job 30:20).
27
Versículo 29
27. dragons . . . owls--rather, "jackals," "ostriches," both of which utter dismal screams (Mic 1:8);…
dragons . . . owls--rather, "jackals," "ostriches," both of which utter dismal screams (Mic 1:8); in which respect, as also in their living amidst solitudes (the emblem of desolation), Job is their brother and companion; that is, resembles them. "Dragon," Hebrew, tannim, usually means the crocodile; so perhaps here, its open jaws lifted towards heaven, and its noise making it seem as if it mourned over its fate [BOCHART].
28
Versículo 30
28. upon me--rather, as in Job 30:17 (see on Job 30:17), "my skin is black (and falls away) from me."
upon me--rather, as in Job 30:17 (see on Job 30:17), "my skin is black (and falls away) from me."
my bones-- (Job 19:20; Psa 102:5).
29
Versículo 31
29. organ--rather, "pipe" (Job 21:12). "My joy is turned into the voice of weeping" (Lam 5:15). These…
organ--rather, "pipe" (Job 21:12). "My joy is turned into the voice of weeping" (Lam 5:15). These instruments are properly appropriated to joy (Isa 30:29, Isa 30:32), which makes their use now in sorrow the sadder by contrast.
Next: Job Chapter 31
Antiguo Testamento
Job — Capítulo 30
(Job 30:1-31) younger--not the three friends (Job 15:10; Job 32:4, Job 32:6-7). A general description: Job 30:1-8, the lowness of the persons who derided him; Job 30:9-15, the derision itself. Formerly old men rose to…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Pero ahora se ríen de mí los más jóvenes que yo, A cuyos padres yo desdeñara poner con los perros de mi ganado.
2¿Y de qué me serviría ni aun la fuerza de sus manos? No tienen fuerza alguna.
3Por causa de la pobreza y del hambre andaban solos; Huían a la soledad, a lugar tenebroso, asolado y desierto.
4Recogían malvas entre los arbustos, Y raíces de enebro para calentarse.
5Eran arrojados de entre las gentes, Y todos les daban grita como tras el ladrón.
6Habitaban en las barrancas de los arroyos, En las cavernas de la tierra, y en las rocas.
7Bramaban entre las matas, Y se reunían debajo de los espinos.
8Hijos de viles, y hombres sin nombre, Más bajos que la misma tierra.
9Y ahora yo soy objeto de su burla, Y les sirvo de refrán.
10Me abominan, se alejan de mí, Y aun de mi rostro no detuvieron su saliva.
11Porque Dios desató su cuerda, y me afligió, Por eso se desenfrenaron delante de mi rostro.
12A la mano derecha se levantó el populacho; Empujaron mis pies, Y prepararon contra mí caminos de perdición.
13Mi senda desbarataron, Se aprovecharon de mi quebrantamiento, Y contra ellos no hubo ayudador.
14Vinieron como por portillo ancho, Se revolvieron sobre mi calamidad.
15Se han revuelto turbaciones sobre mí; Combatieron como viento mi honor, Y mi prosperidad pasó como nube.
16Y ahora mi alma está derramada en mí; Días de aflicción se apoderan de mí.
17La noche taladra mis huesos, Y los dolores que me roen no reposan.
18La violencia deforma mi vestidura; me ciñe como el cuello de mi túnica.
19Él me derribó en el lodo, Y soy semejante al polvo y a la ceniza.
20Clamo a ti, y no me oyes; Me presento, y no me atiendes.
21Te has vuelto cruel para mí; Con el poder de tu mano me persigues.
22Me alzaste sobre el viento, me hiciste cabalgar en él, Y disolviste mi sustancia.
23Porque yo sé que me conduces a la muerte, Y a la casa determinada a todo viviente.
24Mas él no extenderá la mano contra el sepulcro; ¿Clamarán los sepultados cuando él los quebrantare?
25¿No lloré yo al afligido? Y mi alma, ¿no se entristeció sobre el menesteroso?
26Cuando esperaba yo el bien, entonces vino el mal; Y cuando esperaba luz, vino la oscuridad.
27Mis entrañas se agitan, y no reposan; Días de aflicción me han sobrecogido.
28Ando ennegrecido, y no por el sol; Me he levantado en la congregación, y clamado.
29He venido a ser hermano de chacales, Y compañero de avestruces.
30Mi piel se ha ennegrecido y se me cae, Y mis huesos arden de calor.
31Se ha cambiado mi arpa en luto, Y mi flauta en voz de lamentadores.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
Versículo 2
I. If their fathers could be of no profit to me, much less the sons, who are feebler than their sire…
Versículo 3
II. solitary--literally, "hard as a rock"; so translate, rather, "dried up," emaciated with hunger. J…
Versículo 4
III. mallows--rather, "salt-wort," which grows in deserts and is eaten as a salad by the poor [MAURER].
Versículo 5
IV. they cried--that is, "a cry is raised." Expressing the contempt felt for this race by civilized a…
Versículo 6
V. They are forced "to dwell."
Versículo 7
VI. brayed--like the wild ass (Job 6:5 for food). The inarticulate tones of this uncivilized rabble a…
Versículo 8
VII. fools--that is, the impious and abandoned (Sa1 25:25).
Versículo 9
VIII. (Job 17:6). Strikingly similar to the derision Jesus Christ underwent (Lam 3:14; Psa 69:12). Here…
Versículo 10
IX. in my face--rather, refrain not to spit in deliberate contempt before my face. To spit at all in …
Versículo 11
X. He--that is, "God"; antithetical to "they"; English Version here follows the marginal reading (Ke…
Versículo 12
XI. youth--rather, a (low) brood. To rise on the right hand is to accuse, as that was the position of…
Versículo 13
XII. Image of an assailed fortress continued. They tear up the path by which succor might reach me.
Versículo 14
XIII. waters--(So Sa2 5:20). But it is better to retain the image of Job 30:12-13. "They came [upon me]…
Versículo 15
XIV. they--terrors.
Versículo 16
XV. Job's outward calamities affect his mind.
Versículo 17
16. In the Hebrew, night is poetically personified, as in Job 3:3 : "night pierceth my bones (so that…
Versículo 18
17. of my disease--rather, "of God" (Job 23:6).
Versículo 19
18. God is poetically said to do that which the mourner had done to himself (Job 2:8). With lying in …
Versículo 20
19. stand up--the reverential attitude of a suppliant before a king (Kg1 8:14; Luk 18:11-13).
Versículo 22
20. liftest . . . to wind--as a "leaf" or "stubble" (Job 13:25). The moving pillars of sand, raised b…
Versículo 23
21. This shows Job 19:25 cannot be restricted to Job's hope of a temporal deliverance.
Versículo 24
22. Expressing Job's faith as to the state after death. Though one must go to the grave, yet He will …
Versículo 25
23. May I not be allowed to complain of my calamity, and beg relief, seeing that I myself sympathized…
Versículo 26
24. I may be allowed to crave help, seeing that, "when I looked for good (on account of my piety and …
Versículo 27
25. bowels--regarded as the seat of deep feeling (Isa 16:11).
Versículo 28
26. mourning--rather, I move about blackened, though not by the sun; that is, whereas many are blacke…
Versículo 29
27. dragons . . . owls--rather, "jackals," "ostriches," both of which utter dismal screams (Mic 1:8);…
Versículo 30
28. upon me--rather, as in Job 30:17 (see on Job 30:17), "my skin is black (and falls away) from me."
Versículo 31
29. organ--rather, "pipe" (Job 21:12). "My joy is turned into the voice of weeping" (Lam 5:15). These…