PARENTAL PARTIALITY. (Gen 37:1-4) Jacob dwelt in the land wherein his father was a stranger--that is, "a sojourner"; "father" used collectively. The patriarch was at this time at Mamre, in the valley of Hebron (compar…
1Habitó Jacob en la tierra donde había morado su padre, en la tierra de Canaán.
2Esta es la historia de la familia de Jacob: José, siendo de edad de diecisiete años, apacentaba las ovejas con sus hermanos; y el joven estaba con los hijos de Bilha y con los hijos de Zilpa, mujeres de su padre; e informaba José a su padre la mala fama de ellos.
3Y amaba Israel a José más que a todos sus hijos, porque lo había tenido en su vejez; y le hizo una túnica de diversos colores.
4Y viendo sus hermanos que su padre lo amaba más que a todos sus hermanos, le aborrecían, y no podían hablarle pacíficamente.
5Y soñó José un sueño, y lo contó a sus hermanos; y ellos llegaron a aborrecerle más todavía.
6Y él les dijo: Oíd ahora este sueño que he soñado:
7He aquí que atábamos manojos en medio del campo, y he aquí que mi manojo se levantaba y estaba derecho, y que vuestros manojos estaban alrededor y se inclinaban al mío.
8Le respondieron sus hermanos: ¿Reinarás tú sobre nosotros, o señorearás sobre nosotros? Y le aborrecieron aún más a causa de sus sueños y sus palabras.
9Soñó aun otro sueño, y lo contó a sus hermanos, diciendo: He aquí que he soñado otro sueño, y he aquí que el sol y la luna y once estrellas se inclinaban a mí.
10Y lo contó a su padre y a sus hermanos; y su padre le reprendió, y le dijo: ¿Qué sueño es este que soñaste? ¿Acaso vendremos yo y tu madre y tus hermanos a postrarnos en tierra ante ti?
11Y sus hermanos le tenían envidia, mas su padre meditaba en esto.
12Después fueron sus hermanos a apacentar las ovejas de su padre en Siquem.
13Y dijo Israel a José: Tus hermanos apacientan las ovejas en Siquem: ven, y te enviaré a ellos. Y él respondió: Heme aquí.
14E Israel le dijo: Ve ahora, mira cómo están tus hermanos y cómo están las ovejas, y tráeme la respuesta. Y lo envió del valle de Hebrón, y llegó a Siquem.
15Y lo halló un hombre, andando él errante por el campo, y le preguntó aquel hombre, diciendo: ¿Qué buscas?
16José respondió: Busco a mis hermanos; te ruego que me muestres dónde están apacentando.
17Aquel hombre respondió: Ya se han ido de aquí; y yo les oí decir: Vamos a Dotán. Entonces José fue tras de sus hermanos, y los halló en Dotán.
18Cuando ellos lo vieron de lejos, antes que llegara cerca de ellos, conspiraron contra él para matarle.
19Y dijeron el uno al otro: He aquí viene el soñador.
20Ahora pues, venid, y matémosle y echémosle en una cisterna, y diremos: Alguna mala bestia lo devoró; y veremos qué será de sus sueños.
21Cuando Rubén oyó esto, lo libró de sus manos, y dijo: No lo matemos.
22Y les dijo Rubén: No derraméis sangre; echadlo en esta cisterna que está en el desierto, y no pongáis mano en él; por librarlo así de sus manos, para hacerlo volver a su padre.
23Sucedió, pues, que cuando llegó José a sus hermanos, ellos quitaron a José su túnica, la túnica de colores que tenía sobre sí;
24y le tomaron y le echaron en la cisterna; pero la cisterna estaba vacía, no había en ella agua.
25Y se sentaron a comer pan; y alzando los ojos miraron, y he aquí una compañía de ismaelitas que venía de Galaad, y sus camellos traían aromas, bálsamo y mirra, e iban a llevarlo a Egipto.
26Entonces Judá dijo a sus hermanos: ¿Qué provecho hay en que matemos a nuestro hermano y encubramos su muerte?
27Venid, y vendámosle a los ismaelitas, y no sea nuestra mano sobre él; porque él es nuestro hermano, nuestra propia carne. Y sus hermanos convinieron con él.
28Y cuando pasaban los madianitas mercaderes, sacaron ellos a José de la cisterna, y le trajeron arriba, y le vendieron a los ismaelitas por veinte piezas de plata. Y llevaron a José a Egipto.
29Después Rubén volvió a la cisterna, y no halló a José adentro, y se rasgó los vestidos.
30Y volvió a sus hermanos, y dijo: El joven no aparece; y yo, ¿a dónde iré?
31Entonces tomaron ellos la túnica de José, y degollaron un cabrito de las cabras, y tiñeron la túnica con la sangre;
32y enviaron la túnica de colores y la trajeron a su padre, y dijeron: Esto hemos hallado; reconoce ahora si es la túnica de tu hijo, o no.
33Y él la reconoció, y dijo: La túnica de mi hijo es; alguna mala bestia lo devoró; José ha sido despedazado.
34Entonces Jacob rasgó sus vestidos, y puso cilicio sobre sus lomos, y guardó luto por su hijo muchos días.
35Y se levantaron todos sus hijos y todas sus hijas para consolarlo; mas él no quiso recibir consuelo, y dijo: Descenderé enlutado a mi hijo hasta el Seol. Y lo lloró su padre.
36Y los madianitas lo vendieron en Egipto a Potifar, oficial de Faraón, capitán de la guardia.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
I
Versículo 2
I. generations--leading occurrences, in the domestic history of Jacob, as shown in the narrative abo…
generations--leading occurrences, in the domestic history of Jacob, as shown in the narrative about to be commenced.
Joseph . . . was feeding the flock--literally, "Joseph being seventeen years old was a shepherd over the flock"--he a lad, with the sons of Bilhah and Zilpah. Oversight or superintendence is evidently implied. This post of chief shepherd in the party might be assigned him either from his being the son of a principal wife or from his own superior qualities of character; and if invested with this office, he acted not as a gossiping telltale, but as a "faithful steward" in reporting the scandalous conduct of his brethren.
II
Versículo 3
II. son of his old age--Benjamin being younger, was more the son of his old age and consequently on t…
son of his old age--Benjamin being younger, was more the son of his old age and consequently on that ground might have been expected to be the favorite. Literally rendered, it is "son of old age to him"--Hebrew phrase, for "a wise son"--one who possessed observation and wisdom above his years--an old head on young shoulders.
made him a coat of many colors--formed in those early days by sewing together patches of colored cloth, and considered a dress of distinction (Jdg 5:30; Sa2 13:18). The passion for various colors still reigns among the Arabs and other people of the East, who are fond of dressing their children in this gaudy attire. But since the art of interweaving various patterns was introduced, "the coats of colors" are different now from what they seem to have been in patriarchal times, and bear a close resemblance to the varieties of tartan.
III
Versículo 4
III. could not speak peaceably unto him--did not say "peace be to thee" [Gen 43:23, &c.], the usual ex…
could not speak peaceably unto him--did not say "peace be to thee" [Gen 43:23, &c.], the usual expression of good wishes among friends and acquaintances. It is deemed a sacred duty to give all this form of salutation; and the withholding of it is an unmistakable sign of dislike or secret hostility. The habitual refusal of Joseph's brethren, therefore, to meet him with "the salaam," showed how ill-disposed they were towards him. It is very natural in parents to love the youngest, and feel partial to those who excel in talents or amiableness. But in a family constituted as Jacob's--many children by different mothers--he showed great and criminal indiscretion.
IV
Versículo 5
IV. THE DREAMS OF JOSEPH. (Gen. 37:5-36)
THE DREAMS OF JOSEPH. (Gen. 37:5-36)
Joseph dreamed a dream--Dreams in ancient times were much attended to, and hence the dream of Joseph, though but a mere boy, engaged the serious consideration of his family. But this dream was evidently symbolical. The meaning was easily discerned, and, from its being repeated under different emblems, the fulfilment was considered certain (compare Gen 41:32), whence it was that "his brethren envied him, but his father observed the saying" [Gen 37:11].
V
Versículo 12
V. his brethren went to feed their father's flock in Shechem--The vale of Shechem was, from the earl…
his brethren went to feed their father's flock in Shechem--The vale of Shechem was, from the earliest mention of Canaan, blest with extraordinary abundance of water. Therefore did the sons of Jacob go from Hebron to this place, though it must have cost them near twenty hours' travelling--that is, at the shepherd rate, a little more than fifty miles. But the herbage there was so rich and nutritious that they thought it well worth the pains of so long a journey, to the neglect of the grazing district of Hebron [VAN DE VELDE].
VI
Versículo 13
VI. Israel said, . . . Do not thy brethren feed the flock in Shechem?--Anxious to learn how his sons …
Israel said, . . . Do not thy brethren feed the flock in Shechem?--Anxious to learn how his sons were doing in their distant encampment, Jacob despatched Joseph; and the youth, accepting the mission with alacrity, left the vale of Hebron, sought them at Shechem, heard of them from a man in "the field" (the wide and richly cultivated plain of Esdraelon), and found that they had left that neighborhood for Dothan, probably being compelled by the detestation in which, from the horrid massacre, their name was held.
VII
Versículo 17
VII. Joseph went after his brethren, and found them in Dothan--Hebrew, Dothaim, or "two wells," recent…
Joseph went after his brethren, and found them in Dothan--Hebrew, Dothaim, or "two wells," recently discovered in the modern "Dothan," situated a few hours' distance from Shechem.
VIII
Versículo 18
VIII. when they saw him afar off--on the level grass field, where they were watching their cattle. They…
when they saw him afar off--on the level grass field, where they were watching their cattle. They could perceive him approaching in the distance from the side of Shechem, or rather, Samaria.
IX
Versículo 19
IX. Behold, this dreamer cometh--literally, "master of dreams"--a bitterly ironical sneer. Dreams bei…
Behold, this dreamer cometh--literally, "master of dreams"--a bitterly ironical sneer. Dreams being considered suggestions from above, to make false pretensions to having received one was detested as a species of blasphemy, and in this light Joseph was regarded by his brethren as an artful pretender. They already began to form a plot for Joseph's assassination, from which he was rescued only by the address of Reuben, who suggested that he should rather be cast into one of the wells, which are, and probably were, completely dried up in summer.
X
Versículo 23
X. they stripped Joseph out of his coat . . . of many colors--Imagine him advancing in all the unsus…
they stripped Joseph out of his coat . . . of many colors--Imagine him advancing in all the unsuspecting openness of brotherly affection. How astonished and terrified must he have been at the cold reception, the ferocious aspect, the rough usage of his unnatural assailants! A vivid picture of his state of agony and despair was afterwards drawn by themselves (compare Gen 42:21).
XI
Versículo 25
XI. they sat down to eat bread--What a view does this exhibit of those hardened profligates! Their co…
they sat down to eat bread--What a view does this exhibit of those hardened profligates! Their common share in this conspiracy is not the only dismal feature in the story. The rapidity, the almost instantaneous manner in which the proposal was followed by their joint resolution, and the cool indifference, or rather the fiendish satisfaction, with which they sat down to regale themselves, is astonishing. It is impossible that mere envy at his dreams, his gaudy dress, or the doting partiality of their common father, could have goaded them on to such a pitch of frenzied resentment or confirmed them in such consummate wickedness. Their hatred to Joseph must have had a far deeper seat. It must have been produced by dislike to his piety and other excellencies, which made his character and conduct a constant censure upon theirs, and on account of which they found that they could never be at ease till they had rid themselves of his hated presence. This was the true solution of the mystery, just as it was in the case of Cain (Jo1 3:12).
they lifted up their eyes, . . . and, behold, a company of Ishmaelites--They are called Midianites (Gen 37:28), and Medanites, in Hebrew (Gen 37:36), being a travelling caravan composed of a mixed association of Arabians. Those tribes of Northern Arabia had already addicted themselves to commerce, and long did they enjoy a monopoly, the carrying trade being entirely in their hands. Their approach could easily be seen; for, as their road, after crossing the ford from the trans-jordanic district, led along the south side of the mountains of Gilboa, a party seated on the plain of Dothan could trace them and their string of camels in the distance as they proceeded through the broad and gently sloping valley that intervenes. Trading in the produce of Arabia and India, they were in the regular course of traffic on their way to Egypt: and the chief articles of commerce in which this clan dealt were
spicery from India, that is, a species of resinous gum, called storax, balm--"balm of Gilead," the juice of the balsam tree, a native of Arabia-Felix, and myrrh--an Arabic gum of a strong, fragrant smell. For these articles there must have been an enormous demand in Egypt as they were constantly used in the process of embalming.
XII
Versículo 26
XII. Judah said, . . . What profit is it if we slay our brother?--The sight of these travelling mercha…
Judah said, . . . What profit is it if we slay our brother?--The sight of these travelling merchants gave a sudden turn to the views of the conspirators; for having no wish to commit a greater degree of crime than was necessary for the accomplishment of their end, they readily approved of Judah's suggestion to dispose of their obnoxious brother as a slave. The proposal, of course, was founded on their knowledge that the Arabian merchants trafficked in slaves; and there is the clearest evidence furnished by the monuments of Egypt that the traders who were in the habit of bringing slaves from the countries through which they passed, found a ready market in the cities of the Nile.
they . . . lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold him--Acting impulsively on Judah's advice, they had their poor victim ready by the time the merchants reached them; and money being no part of their object, they sold him for
twenty pieces of silver--The money was probably in rings or pieces (shekels), and silver is always mentioned in the records of that early age before gold, on account of its rarity. The whole sum, if in shekel weight, did not exceed £3.
they brought Joseph into Egypt--There were two routes to Egypt: the one was overland by Hebron, where Jacob dwelt, and by taking which, the fate of his hapless son would likely have reached the paternal ears; the other was directly westward across the country from Dothan to the maritime coast, and in this, the safest and most expeditious way, the merchants carried Joseph to Egypt. Thus did an overruling Providence lead this murderous conclave of brothers, as well as the slave merchants both following their own free courses--to be parties in an act by which He was to work out, in a marvellous manner, the great purposes of His wisdom and goodness towards His ancient Church and people.
XIII
Versículo 29
XIII. Reuben returned unto the pit--He seems to have designedly taken a circuitous route, with a view o…
Reuben returned unto the pit--He seems to have designedly taken a circuitous route, with a view of secretly rescuing the poor lad from a lingering death by starvation. His intentions were excellent, and his feelings no doubt painfully lacerated when he discovered what had been done in his absence. But the thing was of God, who had designed that Joseph's deliverance should be accomplished by other means than his.
XIV
Versículo 31
XIV. they took Joseph's coat--The commission of one sin necessarily leads to another to conceal it; an…
they took Joseph's coat--The commission of one sin necessarily leads to another to conceal it; and the scheme of deception which the sons of Jacob planned and practised on their aged father was a necessary consequence of the atrocious crime they had perpetrated. What a wonder that their cruel sneer, "thy son's coat," and their forced efforts to comfort him, did not awaken suspicion! But extreme grief, like every other passion, is blind, and Jacob, great as his affliction was, did allow himself to indulge his sorrow more than became one who believed in the government of a supreme and all-wise Disposer.
XV
Versículo 34
XV. Jacob rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his loins--the common signs of Oriental mourning. …
Jacob rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his loins--the common signs of Oriental mourning. A rent is made in the skirt more or less long according to the afflicted feelings of the mourner, and a coarse rough piece of black sackcloth or camel's hair cloth is wound round the waist.
16
Versículo 35
16. and he said, For I will go down into the grave unto my son--not the earth, for Joseph was suppose…
and he said, For I will go down into the grave unto my son--not the earth, for Joseph was supposed to be torn in pieces, but the unknown place--the place of departed souls, where Jacob expected at death to meet his beloved son.
Next: Genesis Chapter 38
Antiguo Testamento
Genesis — Capítulo 37
PARENTAL PARTIALITY. (Gen 37:1-4) Jacob dwelt in the land wherein his father was a stranger--that is, "a sojourner"; "father" used collectively. The patriarch was at this time at Mamre, in the valley of Hebron (compar…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Habitó Jacob en la tierra donde había morado su padre, en la tierra de Canaán.
2Esta es la historia de la familia de Jacob: José, siendo de edad de diecisiete años, apacentaba las ovejas con sus hermanos; y el joven estaba con los hijos de Bilha y con los hijos de Zilpa, mujeres de su padre; e informaba José a su padre la mala fama de ellos.
3Y amaba Israel a José más que a todos sus hijos, porque lo había tenido en su vejez; y le hizo una túnica de diversos colores.
4Y viendo sus hermanos que su padre lo amaba más que a todos sus hermanos, le aborrecían, y no podían hablarle pacíficamente.
5Y soñó José un sueño, y lo contó a sus hermanos; y ellos llegaron a aborrecerle más todavía.
6Y él les dijo: Oíd ahora este sueño que he soñado:
7He aquí que atábamos manojos en medio del campo, y he aquí que mi manojo se levantaba y estaba derecho, y que vuestros manojos estaban alrededor y se inclinaban al mío.
8Le respondieron sus hermanos: ¿Reinarás tú sobre nosotros, o señorearás sobre nosotros? Y le aborrecieron aún más a causa de sus sueños y sus palabras.
9Soñó aun otro sueño, y lo contó a sus hermanos, diciendo: He aquí que he soñado otro sueño, y he aquí que el sol y la luna y once estrellas se inclinaban a mí.
10Y lo contó a su padre y a sus hermanos; y su padre le reprendió, y le dijo: ¿Qué sueño es este que soñaste? ¿Acaso vendremos yo y tu madre y tus hermanos a postrarnos en tierra ante ti?
11Y sus hermanos le tenían envidia, mas su padre meditaba en esto.
12Después fueron sus hermanos a apacentar las ovejas de su padre en Siquem.
13Y dijo Israel a José: Tus hermanos apacientan las ovejas en Siquem: ven, y te enviaré a ellos. Y él respondió: Heme aquí.
14E Israel le dijo: Ve ahora, mira cómo están tus hermanos y cómo están las ovejas, y tráeme la respuesta. Y lo envió del valle de Hebrón, y llegó a Siquem.
15Y lo halló un hombre, andando él errante por el campo, y le preguntó aquel hombre, diciendo: ¿Qué buscas?
16José respondió: Busco a mis hermanos; te ruego que me muestres dónde están apacentando.
17Aquel hombre respondió: Ya se han ido de aquí; y yo les oí decir: Vamos a Dotán. Entonces José fue tras de sus hermanos, y los halló en Dotán.
18Cuando ellos lo vieron de lejos, antes que llegara cerca de ellos, conspiraron contra él para matarle.
19Y dijeron el uno al otro: He aquí viene el soñador.
20Ahora pues, venid, y matémosle y echémosle en una cisterna, y diremos: Alguna mala bestia lo devoró; y veremos qué será de sus sueños.
21Cuando Rubén oyó esto, lo libró de sus manos, y dijo: No lo matemos.
22Y les dijo Rubén: No derraméis sangre; echadlo en esta cisterna que está en el desierto, y no pongáis mano en él; por librarlo así de sus manos, para hacerlo volver a su padre.
23Sucedió, pues, que cuando llegó José a sus hermanos, ellos quitaron a José su túnica, la túnica de colores que tenía sobre sí;
24y le tomaron y le echaron en la cisterna; pero la cisterna estaba vacía, no había en ella agua.
25Y se sentaron a comer pan; y alzando los ojos miraron, y he aquí una compañía de ismaelitas que venía de Galaad, y sus camellos traían aromas, bálsamo y mirra, e iban a llevarlo a Egipto.
26Entonces Judá dijo a sus hermanos: ¿Qué provecho hay en que matemos a nuestro hermano y encubramos su muerte?
27Venid, y vendámosle a los ismaelitas, y no sea nuestra mano sobre él; porque él es nuestro hermano, nuestra propia carne. Y sus hermanos convinieron con él.
28Y cuando pasaban los madianitas mercaderes, sacaron ellos a José de la cisterna, y le trajeron arriba, y le vendieron a los ismaelitas por veinte piezas de plata. Y llevaron a José a Egipto.
29Después Rubén volvió a la cisterna, y no halló a José adentro, y se rasgó los vestidos.
30Y volvió a sus hermanos, y dijo: El joven no aparece; y yo, ¿a dónde iré?
31Entonces tomaron ellos la túnica de José, y degollaron un cabrito de las cabras, y tiñeron la túnica con la sangre;
32y enviaron la túnica de colores y la trajeron a su padre, y dijeron: Esto hemos hallado; reconoce ahora si es la túnica de tu hijo, o no.
33Y él la reconoció, y dijo: La túnica de mi hijo es; alguna mala bestia lo devoró; José ha sido despedazado.
34Entonces Jacob rasgó sus vestidos, y puso cilicio sobre sus lomos, y guardó luto por su hijo muchos días.
35Y se levantaron todos sus hijos y todas sus hijas para consolarlo; mas él no quiso recibir consuelo, y dijo: Descenderé enlutado a mi hijo hasta el Seol. Y lo lloró su padre.
36Y los madianitas lo vendieron en Egipto a Potifar, oficial de Faraón, capitán de la guardia.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
Versículo 2
I. generations--leading occurrences, in the domestic history of Jacob, as shown in the narrative abo…
Versículo 3
II. son of his old age--Benjamin being younger, was more the son of his old age and consequently on t…
Versículo 4
III. could not speak peaceably unto him--did not say "peace be to thee" [Gen 43:23, &c.], the usual ex…
Versículo 5
IV. THE DREAMS OF JOSEPH. (Gen. 37:5-36)
Versículo 12
V. his brethren went to feed their father's flock in Shechem--The vale of Shechem was, from the earl…
Versículo 13
VI. Israel said, . . . Do not thy brethren feed the flock in Shechem?--Anxious to learn how his sons …
Versículo 17
VII. Joseph went after his brethren, and found them in Dothan--Hebrew, Dothaim, or "two wells," recent…
Versículo 18
VIII. when they saw him afar off--on the level grass field, where they were watching their cattle. They…
Versículo 19
IX. Behold, this dreamer cometh--literally, "master of dreams"--a bitterly ironical sneer. Dreams bei…
Versículo 23
X. they stripped Joseph out of his coat . . . of many colors--Imagine him advancing in all the unsus…
Versículo 25
XI. they sat down to eat bread--What a view does this exhibit of those hardened profligates! Their co…
Versículo 26
XII. Judah said, . . . What profit is it if we slay our brother?--The sight of these travelling mercha…
Versículo 29
XIII. Reuben returned unto the pit--He seems to have designedly taken a circuitous route, with a view o…
Versículo 31
XIV. they took Joseph's coat--The commission of one sin necessarily leads to another to conceal it; an…
Versículo 34
XV. Jacob rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his loins--the common signs of Oriental mourning. …
Versículo 35
16. and he said, For I will go down into the grave unto my son--not the earth, for Joseph was suppose…