Antiguo Testamento

Ezekiel — Capítulo 27

TYRE'S FORMER GREATNESS, SUGGESTING A LAMENTATION OVER HER SAD DOWNFALL. (Eze. 27:1-36) lamentation--a funeral dirge, eulogizing her great attributes, to make the contrast the greater between her former and her latter…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Vino a mí palabra de Jehová, diciendo:

2Tú, hijo de hombre, levanta endechas sobre Tiro.

3Dirás a Tiro, que está asentada a las orillas del mar, la que trafica con los pueblos de muchas costas: Así ha dicho Jehová el Señor: Tiro, tú has dicho: Yo soy de perfecta hermosura.

4En el corazón de los mares están tus confines; los que te edificaron completaron tu belleza.

5De hayas del monte Senir te fabricaron todo el maderaje; tomaron cedros del Líbano para hacerte el mástil.

6De encinas de Basán hicieron tus remos; tus bancos de pino de las costas de Quitim, incrustados de marfil.

7De lino fino bordado de Egipto era tu cortina, para que te sirviese de vela; de azul y púrpura de las costas de Elisa era tu pabellón.

8Los moradores de Sidón y de Arvad fueron tus remeros; tus sabios, oh Tiro, estaban en ti; ellos fueron tus pilotos.

9Los ancianos de Gebal y sus más hábiles obreros calafateaban tus junturas; todas las naves del mar y los remeros de ellas fueron a ti para negociar, para participar de tus negocios.

10Persas y los de Lud y Fut fueron en tu ejército tus hombres de guerra; escudos y yelmos colgaron en ti; ellos te dieron tu esplendor.

11Y los hijos de Arvad con tu ejército estuvieron sobre tus muros alrededor, y los gamadeos en tus torres; sus escudos colgaron sobre tus muros alrededor; ellos completaron tu hermosura.

12Tarsis comerciaba contigo por la abundancia de todas tus riquezas; con plata, hierro, estaño y plomo comerciaba en tus ferias.

13Javán, Tubal y Mesec comerciaban también contigo; con hombres y con utensilios de bronce comerciaban en tus ferias.

14Los de la casa de Togarma, con caballos y corceles de guerra y mulos, comerciaban en tu mercado.

15Los hijos de Dedán traficaban contigo; muchas costas tomaban mercadería de tu mano; colmillos de marfil y ébano te dieron por sus pagos.

16Edom traficaba contigo por la multitud de tus productos; con perlas, púrpura, vestidos bordados, linos finos, corales y rubíes venía a tus ferias.

17Judá y la tierra de Israel comerciaban contigo; con trigos de Minit y Panag, miel, aceite y resina negociaban en tus mercados.

18Damasco comerciaba contigo por tus muchos productos, por la abundancia de toda riqueza; con vino de Helbón y lana blanca negociaban.

19Asimismo Dan y el errante Javán vinieron a tus ferias, para negociar en tu mercado con hierro labrado, mirra destilada y caña aromática.

20Dedán comerciaba contigo en paños preciosos para carros.

21Arabia y todos los príncipes de Cedar traficaban contigo en corderos y carneros y machos cabríos; en estas cosas fueron tus mercaderes.

22Los mercaderes de Sabá y de Raama fueron también tus mercaderes; con lo principal de toda especiería, y toda piedra preciosa, y oro, vinieron a tus ferias.

23Harán, Cane, Edén, y los mercaderes de Sabá, de Asiria y de Quilmad, contrataban contigo.

24Estos mercaderes tuyos negociaban contigo en varias cosas; en mantos de azul y bordados, y en cajas de ropas preciosas, enlazadas con cordones, y en madera de cedro.

25Las naves de Tarsis eran como tus caravanas que traían tus mercancías; así llegaste a ser opulenta, te multiplicaste en gran manera en medio de los mares.

26En muchas aguas te engolfaron tus remeros; viento solano te quebrantó en medio de los mares.

27Tus riquezas, tus mercaderías, tu tráfico, tus remeros, tus pilotos, tus calafateadores y los agentes de tus negocios, y todos tus hombres de guerra que hay en ti, con toda tu compañía que en medio de ti se halla, caerán en medio de los mares el día de tu caída.

28Al estrépito de las voces de tus marineros temblarán las costas.

29Descenderán de sus naves todos los que toman remo; remeros y todos los pilotos del mar se quedarán en tierra,

30y harán oír su voz sobre ti, y gritarán amargamente, y echarán polvo sobre sus cabezas, y se revolcarán en ceniza.

31Se raerán por ti los cabellos, se ceñirán de cilicio, y endecharán por ti endechas amargas, con amargura del alma.

32Y levantarán sobre ti endechas en sus lamentaciones, y endecharán sobre ti, diciendo: ¿Quién como Tiro, como la destruida en medio del mar?

33Cuando tus mercaderías salían de las naves, saciabas a muchos pueblos; a los reyes de la tierra enriqueciste con la multitud de tus riquezas y de tu comercio.

34En el tiempo en que seas quebrantada por los mares en lo profundo de las aguas, tu comercio y toda tu compañía caerán en medio de ti.

35Todos los moradores de las costas se maravillarán sobre ti, y sus reyes temblarán de espanto; demudarán sus rostros.

36Los mercaderes en los pueblos silbarán contra ti; vendrás a ser espanto, y para siempre dejarás de ser.

JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 3

I. situate at the entry of the sea--literally, plural, "entrances," that is, ports or havens; referr…

situate at the entry of the sea--literally, plural, "entrances," that is, ports or havens; referring to the double port of Tyre, at which vessels entered round the north and south ends of the island, so that ships could find a ready entrance from whatever point the wind might blow (compare Eze 28:2). merchant of . . . people for many isles--that is, a mercantile emporium of the peoples of many seacoasts, both from the east and from the west (Isa 23:3), "a mart of nations." of perfect beauty-- (Eze 28:12).

Versículo 4

II. Tyre, in consonance with her seagirt position, separated by a strait of half a mile from the main…

Tyre, in consonance with her seagirt position, separated by a strait of half a mile from the mainland, is described as a ship built of the best material, and manned with the best mariners and skilful pilots, but at last wrecked in tempestuous seas (Eze 27:26).

Versículo 5

III. Senir--the Amorite name of Hermon, or the southern height of Anti-libanus (Deu 3:9); the Sidonian…

Senir--the Amorite name of Hermon, or the southern height of Anti-libanus (Deu 3:9); the Sidonian name was Sirion. "All thy . . . boards"; dual in Hebrew, "double-boards," namely, placed in a double order on the two sides of which the ship consisted [VATABLUS]. Or, referring to the two sides or the two ends, the prow and the stern, which every ship has [MUNSTER]. cedars--most suited for "masts," from their height and durability.

Versículo 6

IV. Bashan--celebrated for its oaks, as Lebanon was for its cedars.

Bashan--celebrated for its oaks, as Lebanon was for its cedars. the company of . . . Ashurites--the most skilful workmen summoned from Assyria. Rather, as the Hebrew orthography requires, "They have made thy (rowing) benches of ivory inlaid in the daughter of cedars" [MAURER], or, the best boxwood. FAIRBAIRN, with BOCHART, reads the Hebrew two words as one: "Thy plankwork (deck: instead of 'benches,' as the Hebrew is singular) they made ivory with boxes." English Version, with MAURER'S correction, is simpler. Chittim--Cyprus and Macedonia, from which, PLINY tells us, the best boxwood came [GROTIUS].

Versículo 7

V. broidered . . . sail--The ancients embroidered their sails often at great expense, especially the…

broidered . . . sail--The ancients embroidered their sails often at great expense, especially the Egyptians, whose linen, still preserved in mummies, is of the finest texture. Elishah--Greece; so called from Elis, a large and ancient division of Peloponnesus. Pausanias says that the best of linen was produced in it, and in no other part of Greece; called by HOMER, Alisium. that which covered thee--thy awning.

Versículo 8

VI. Arvad--a small island and city near PhÅ“nicia, now Ruad: its inhabitants are still noted for seaf…

Arvad--a small island and city near PhÅ“nicia, now Ruad: its inhabitants are still noted for seafaring habits. thy wise men, O Tyrus . . . thy pilots--While the men of Arvad, once thy equals (Gen 10:18), and the Sidonians, once thy superiors, were employed by thee in subordinate positions as "mariners," thou madest thine own skilled men alone to be commanders and pilots. Implying the political and mercantile superiority of Tyre.

Versículo 9

VII. Gebal--a PhÅ“nician city and region between Beirut and Tripoils, famed for skilled workmen (Kg1 5…

Gebal--a PhÅ“nician city and region between Beirut and Tripoils, famed for skilled workmen (Kg1 5:18, Margin; Psa 83:7). calkers--stoppers of chinks in a vessel: carrying on the metaphor as to Tyre. occupy thy merchandise--that is, to exchange merchandise with thee.

Versículo 10

VIII. Persia . . . Phut--warriors from the extreme east and west.

Persia . . . Phut--warriors from the extreme east and west. Lud--the Lydians of Asia Minor, near the Meander, famed for archery (Isa 66:19); rather than those of Ethiopia, as the Lydians of Asia Minor form a kind of intermediate step between Persia and Phut (the Libyans about Cyrene, shielded warriors, Jer 46:9, descended from Phut, son of Ham). hanged . . . shield . . . comeliness--Warriors hanged their accoutrements on the walls for ornament. Divested of the metaphor, it means that it was an honor to thee to have so many nations supplying thee with hired soldiers.

Versículo 11

IX. Gammadims--rather, as the Tyrians were Syro-PhÅ“nicians, from a Syriac root, meaning daring, "men…

Gammadims--rather, as the Tyrians were Syro-PhÅ“nicians, from a Syriac root, meaning daring, "men of daring" [LUDOVICUS DE DIEU]. It is not likely the keeping of watch "in the towers" would have been entrusted to foreigners. Others take it from a Hebrew root, "a dagger," or short sword (Jdg 3:16), short-swordsmen."

Versículo 12

X. Tarshish--Tartessus in Spain, a country famed for various metals, which were exported to Tyre. Mu…

Tarshish--Tartessus in Spain, a country famed for various metals, which were exported to Tyre. Much of the "tin" probably was conveyed by the PhÅ“nicians from Cornwall to Tarshish. traded in thy fairs--"did barter with thee" [FAIRBAIRN]; from a root, "to leave," something left in barter for something else.

Versículo 13

XI. Javan--the Ionians or Greeks: for the Ionians of Asia Minor were the first Greeks with whom the A…

Javan--the Ionians or Greeks: for the Ionians of Asia Minor were the first Greeks with whom the Asiatics came in contact. Tubal . . . Meshech--the Tibareni and Moschi, in the mountain region between the Black and Caspian Seas. persons of men--that is, as slaves. So the Turkish harems are supplied with female slaves from Circassia and Georgia. vessels--all kinds of articles. Superior weapons are still manufactured in the Caucasus region.

Versículo 14

XII. Togarmah--Armenia: descended from Gomer (Gen 10:3). Their mountainous region south of the Caucasu…

Togarmah--Armenia: descended from Gomer (Gen 10:3). Their mountainous region south of the Caucasus was celebrated for horses. horsemen--rather, "riding-horses," as distinct from "horses" for chariots [FAIRBAIRN].

Versículo 15

XIII. Dedan--near the Persian Sea: thus an avenue to the commerce of India. Not the Dedan in Arabia (Ez…

Dedan--near the Persian Sea: thus an avenue to the commerce of India. Not the Dedan in Arabia (Eze 27:20), as the names in the context here prove, but the Dedan sprung from Cush [BOCHART], (Gen 10:7). merchandise of thine hand--that is, were dependent on thee for trade [FAIRBAIRN]; came to buy the produce of thy hands [GROTIUS]. a present--literally, "a reward in return"; a price paid for merchandise. horns of ivory--Ivory is so termed from its resemblance to horns. The Hebrew word for "ivory" means "tooth"; so that they cannot have mistaken ivory as if coming from the horns of certain animals, instead of from the tusks of the elephant.

Versículo 16

XIV. "Syria was thy mart for the multitude," &c. For "Syria" the Septuagint reads "Edom." But the Syri…

"Syria was thy mart for the multitude," &c. For "Syria" the Septuagint reads "Edom." But the Syrians were famed as merchants. occupied--old English for "traded"; so in Luk 19:13. agate--Others translate, "ruby," "chalcedony," or "pearls."

Versículo 17

XV. Minnith . . . Pannag--names of places in Israel famed for good wheat, wherewith Tyre was supplied…

Minnith . . . Pannag--names of places in Israel famed for good wheat, wherewith Tyre was supplied (Kg1 5:9, Kg1 5:11; Ezr 3:7; Act 12:20); Minnith was formerly an Ammonite city (Jdg 11:33). "Pannag" is identified by GROTIUS with "Phenice," the Greek name for "Canaan." "They traded . . . wheat," that is, they supplied thy market with wheat. balm--or, "balsam."

Versículo 18

16. Helbon--or Chalybon, in Syria, now Aleppo; famed for its wines; the Persian monarchs would drink …

Helbon--or Chalybon, in Syria, now Aleppo; famed for its wines; the Persian monarchs would drink no other.

Versículo 19

17. Dan also--None of the other places enumerated commence with the copula ("also"; Hebrew, ve). More…

Dan also--None of the other places enumerated commence with the copula ("also"; Hebrew, ve). Moreover, the products specified, "cassia, calamus," apply rather to places in Arabia. Therefore, FAIRBAIRN translates, "Vedan"; perhaps the modern Aden, near the straits of Bab-el-man-deb. GROTIUS refers it to Dana, mentioned by PTOLEMY. Javan--not the Greeks of Europe or Asia Minor, but of a Greek settlement in Arabia. going to and fro--rather, as Hebrew admits, "from Uzal." This is added to "Javan," to mark which Javan is meant (Gen 10:27). The metropolis of Arabia Felix, or Yemen; called also Sanaa [BOCHART]. English Version gives a good sense, thus: All peoples, whether near as the Israelite "Dan," or far as the Greeks or "Javan," who were wont to "go to and fro" from their love of traffic, frequented thy marts, bringing bright iron, &c., these products not being necessarily represented as those of Dan or Javan. bright iron--Yemen is still famed for its sword blades. calamus--aromatic cane.

Versículo 20

18. Dedan--in Arabia; distinct from the Dedan in Eze 27:15 (see on Eze 27:15). Descended from Abraham…

Dedan--in Arabia; distinct from the Dedan in Eze 27:15 (see on Eze 27:15). Descended from Abraham and Keturah (Gen 25:3) [BOCHART]. precious clothes--splendid coverlets.

Versículo 21

19. Arabia--the nomadic tribes of Arabia, among which Kedar was pre-eminent.

Arabia--the nomadic tribes of Arabia, among which Kedar was pre-eminent. occupied with thee--literally, "of thy hand," that is, they traded with thee for wares, the product of thy hand (see on Eze 27:15-16).

Versículo 22

20. Sheba . . . Raamah--in Arabia.

Sheba . . . Raamah--in Arabia. chief of . . . spices--that is, best spices (Deu 33:15). Obtained from India and conveyed in caravans to Tyre.

Versículo 23

21. Haran--the dwelling-place of Abraham in Mesopotamia, after he moved from Ur (Gen 11:31).

Haran--the dwelling-place of Abraham in Mesopotamia, after he moved from Ur (Gen 11:31). Canneh--Calneh, an Assyrian city on the Tigris; the Ctesiphon of the Greeks (Gen 10:10). Eden--probably a region in Babylonia (see Gen 2:8). Chilmad--a compound; the place designated by PTOLEMY "Gaala of Media." The Chaldee version interprets it of Media. HENDERSON refers it to Carmanda, which XENOPHON describes as a large city beyond the Euphrates.

Versículo 24

22. all sorts of things--Hebrew, "perfections"; exquisite articles of finery [GROTIUS].

all sorts of things--Hebrew, "perfections"; exquisite articles of finery [GROTIUS]. clothes--rather, "mantles" or "cloaks"; literally, "wrappings." For "blue," HENDERSON translates, "purple." chests of rich apparel, bound with cords--treasures or repositories of damask stuffs, consisting of variegated threads woven together in figures [HENDERSON]. cedar--The "chests" were made of cedar, in order to last the longer; and it also keeps off decay and has a sweet odor.

Versículo 25

23. sing of thee--personification; flay great merchant ships were palpable proofs of thy greatness. O…

sing of thee--personification; flay great merchant ships were palpable proofs of thy greatness. Others translate from a different Hebrew root, "were thy (mercantile) travellers." FAIRBAIRN translates, "Were thy walls." But the parallelism to "thou wast glorious" favors English Version, "sing of thee."

Versículo 26

24. In contrast to her previous greatness, her downfall is here, by a sudden transition, depicted und…

In contrast to her previous greatness, her downfall is here, by a sudden transition, depicted under the image of a vessel foundering at sea. east wind--blowing from Lebanon, the most violent wind in the Mediterranean (Psa 48:7). A Levanter, as it is called. Nebuchadnezzar is meant. The "sea" is the war with him which the "rowers," or rulers of the state vessel, had "brought" it into, to its ruin.

Versículo 27

25. The detailed enumeration implies the utter completeness of the ruin.

The detailed enumeration implies the utter completeness of the ruin. and in all thy company--"even with all thy collected multitude" [HENDERSON].

Versículo 28

26. The suburbs--the buildings of Tyre on the adjoining continent.

The suburbs--the buildings of Tyre on the adjoining continent.

Versículo 29

27. So on the downfall of spiritual Babylon (Rev 18:17, &c.).

So on the downfall of spiritual Babylon (Rev 18:17, &c.). shall stand upon . . . land--being cast out of their ships in which heretofore they prided themselves.

Versículo 30

28. against thee--rather, "concerning thee."

against thee--rather, "concerning thee."

Versículo 31

29. utterly bald--literally, "bald with baldness." The PhÅ“nician custom in mourning; which, as being…

utterly bald--literally, "bald with baldness." The PhÅ“nician custom in mourning; which, as being connected with heathenish superstitions, was forbidden to Israel (Deu 14:1). take up--lift up. the destroyed--a destroyed one. Literally, (as opposed to its previous bustle of thronging merchants and mariners, Eze 27:27), "one brought to death's stillness." in . . . midst of . . . sea--insular Tyre.

Versículo 33

30. out of the seas--brought on shore out of the ships.

out of the seas--brought on shore out of the ships. filledst--didst supply plentifully with wares. enrich . . . kings--with the custom dues levied on the wares.

Versículo 34

31. In the time when . . . shall . . . shall--Now that thou art broken (wrecked) . . . thy merchandis…

In the time when . . . shall . . . shall--Now that thou art broken (wrecked) . . . thy merchandise . . . are fallen [MAURER].

Versículo 35

32. isles--seacoasts.

isles--seacoasts.

Versículo 36

33. hiss--with astonishment; as in Kg1 9:8.

hiss--with astonishment; as in Kg1 9:8. Next: Ezekiel Chapter 28

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