Antiguo Testamento

Exodus — Capítulo 19

ARRIVAL AT SINAI. (Exo. 19:1-25) In the third month--according to Jewish usage, the first day of that month--"same day."--It is added, to mark the time more explicitly, that is, forty-five days after Egypt--one day sp…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1En el mes tercero de la salida de los hijos de Israel de la tierra de Egipto, en el mismo día llegaron al desierto de Sinaí.

2Habían salido de Refidim, y llegaron al desierto de Sinaí, y acamparon en el desierto; y acampó allí Israel delante del monte.

3Y Moisés subió a Dios; y Jehová lo llamó desde el monte, diciendo: Así dirás a la casa de Jacob, y anunciarás a los hijos de Israel:

4Vosotros visteis lo que hice a los egipcios, y cómo os tomé sobre alas de águilas, y os he traído a mí.

5Ahora, pues, si diereis oído a mi voz, y guardareis mi pacto, vosotros seréis mi especial tesoro sobre todos los pueblos; porque mía es toda la tierra.

6Y vosotros me seréis un reino de sacerdotes, y gente santa. Estas son las palabras que dirás a los hijos de Israel.

7Entonces vino Moisés, y llamó a los ancianos del pueblo, y expuso en presencia de ellos todas estas palabras que Jehová le había mandado.

8Y todo el pueblo respondió a una, y dijeron: Todo lo que Jehová ha dicho, haremos. Y Moisés refirió a Jehová las palabras del pueblo.

9Entonces Jehová dijo a Moisés: He aquí, yo vengo a ti en una nube espesa, para que el pueblo oiga mientras yo hablo contigo, y también para que te crean para siempre. Y Moisés refirió las palabras del pueblo a Jehová.

10Y Jehová dijo a Moisés: Ve al pueblo, y santifícalos hoy y mañana; y laven sus vestidos,

11y estén preparados para el día tercero, porque al tercer día Jehová descenderá a ojos de todo el pueblo sobre el monte de Sinaí.

12Y señalarás término al pueblo en derredor, diciendo: Guardaos, no subáis al monte, ni toquéis sus límites; cualquiera que tocare el monte, de seguro morirá.

13No lo tocará mano, porque será apedreado o asaeteado; sea animal o sea hombre, no vivirá. Cuando suene largamente la bocina, subirán al monte.

14Y descendió Moisés del monte al pueblo, y santificó al pueblo; y lavaron sus vestidos.

15Y dijo al pueblo: Estad preparados para el tercer día; no toquéis mujer.

16Aconteció que al tercer día, cuando vino la mañana, vinieron truenos y relámpagos, y espesa nube sobre el monte, y sonido de bocina muy fuerte; y se estremeció todo el pueblo que estaba en el campamento.

17Y Moisés sacó del campamento al pueblo para recibir a Dios; y se detuvieron al pie del monte.

18Todo el monte Sinaí humeaba, porque Jehová había descendido sobre él en fuego; y el humo subía como el humo de un horno, y todo el monte se estremecía en gran manera.

19El sonido de la bocina iba aumentando en extremo; Moisés hablaba, y Dios le respondía con voz tronante.

20Y descendió Jehová sobre el monte Sinaí, sobre la cumbre del monte; y llamó Jehová a Moisés a la cumbre del monte, y Moisés subió.

21Y Jehová dijo a Moisés: Desciende, ordena al pueblo que no traspase los límites para ver a Jehová, porque caerá multitud de ellos.

22Y también que se santifiquen los sacerdotes que se acercan a Jehová, para que Jehová no haga en ellos estrago.

23Moisés dijo a Jehová: El pueblo no podrá subir al monte Sinaí, porque tú nos has mandado diciendo: Señala límites al monte, y santifícalo.

24Y Jehová le dijo: Ve, desciende, y subirás tú, y Aarón contigo; mas los sacerdotes y el pueblo no traspasen el límite para subir a Jehová, no sea que haga en ellos estrago.

25Entonces Moisés descendió y se lo dijo al pueblo.

JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 2

I. were come to the desert of Sinai--The desert has its provinces, or divisions, distinguished by a …

were come to the desert of Sinai--The desert has its provinces, or divisions, distinguished by a variety of names; and the "desert of Sinai" is that wild and desolate region which occupies the very center of the peninsula, comprising the lofty range to which the mount of God belongs. It is a wilderness of shaggy rocks of porphyry and red granite, and of valleys for the most part bare of verdure. and there Israel camped before the mount--Sinai, so called from Seneh, or acacia bush. It is now called Jebel Musa. Their way into the interior of the gigantic cluster was by Wady Feiran, which would lead the bulk of the hosts with their flocks and herds into the high valleys of Jebel Musa, with their abundant springs, especially into the great thoroughfare of the desert--the longest, widest, and most continuous of all the valleys, the Wady-es-Sheikh, while many would be scattered among the adjacent valleys; so that thus secluded from the world in a wild and sublime amphitheatre of rocks, they "camped before the mount." "In this valley--a long flat valley--about a quarter of a mile in breadth, winding northwards, Israel would find ample room for their encampment. Of all the wadys in that region, it seems the most suitable for a prolonged sojourn. The 'goodly tents' of Israel could spread themselves without limit" [BONAR].

Versículo 3

II. Moses went up unto God--the Shekinah--within the cloud (Exo 33:20; Joh 1:18).

Moses went up unto God--the Shekinah--within the cloud (Exo 33:20; Joh 1:18). Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, &c.--The object for which Moses went up was to receive and convey to the people the message contained in these verses, and the purport of which was a general announcement of the terms on which God was to take the Israelites into a close and peculiar relation to Himself. In thus negotiating between God and His people, the highest post of duty which any mortal man was ever called to occupy, Moses was still but a servant. The only Mediator is Jesus Christ [Ti1 2:5; Heb 12:24].

Versículo 6

III. ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests--As the priestly order was set apart from the common mas…

ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests--As the priestly order was set apart from the common mass, so the Israelites, compared with other people, were to sustain the same near relation to God; a community of spiritual sovreigns. an holy nation--set apart to preserve the knowledge and worship of God.

Versículo 7

IV. Moses came and called for the elders of the people--The message was conveyed to the mighty multit…

Moses came and called for the elders of the people--The message was conveyed to the mighty multitude through their elders, who, doubtless, instructed them in the conditions required. Their unanimous acceptance was conveyed through the same channel to Moses, and by him reported to the Lord. Ah! how much self-confidence did their language betray! How little did they know what spirit they were of!

Versículo 9

V. The Lord said unto Moses, Lo, I come . . . in a thick cloud, &c.--The deepest impressions are mad…

The Lord said unto Moses, Lo, I come . . . in a thick cloud, &c.--The deepest impressions are made on the mind through the medium of the senses; and so He who knew what was in man signalized His descent at the inauguration of the ancient church, by all the sensible tokens of august majesty that were fitted to produce the conviction that He is the great and terrible God. The whole multitude must have anticipated the event with feelings of intense solemnity and awe. The extraordinary preparations enjoined, the ablutions and rigid abstinence they were required to observe, the barriers erected all round the base of the mount, and the stern penalties annexed to the breach of any of the conditions, all tended to create an earnest and solemn expectation which increased as the appointed day drew near.

Versículo 16

VI. on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, &c.--The descent of God…

on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, &c.--The descent of God was signalized by every object imagination can conceive connected with the ideas of grandeur and of awe. But all was in keeping with the character of the law about to be proclaimed. As the mountain burned with fire, God was exhibited as a consuming fire to the transgressors of His law. The thunder and lightning, more awful amid the deep stillness of the region and reverberating with terrific peals among the mountains, would rouse the universal attention; a thick cloud was an apt emblem of the dark and shadowy dispensation (compare Mat 17:5). the voice of a trumpet--This gave the scene the character of a miraculous transaction, in which other elements than those of nature were at work, and some other than material trumpet was blown by other means than human breath.

Versículo 17

VII. Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God--Wady-er-Raheh, where they stood,…

Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God--Wady-er-Raheh, where they stood, has a spacious sandy plain; immediately in front of Es Suksafeh, considered by ROBINSON to be the mount from which the law was given. "We measured it, and estimate the whole plain at two geographical miles long, and ranging in breadth from one-third to two-thirds of a mile, or as equivalent to a surface of one square mile. This space is nearly doubled by the recess on the west, and by the broad and level area of Wady-es-Sheikh on the east, which issues at right angles to the plain, and is equally in view of the front and summit of the mount. The examination convinced us that here was space enough to satisfy all the requisitions of the Scripture narrative, so far as it relates to the assembling of the congregation to receive the law. Here, too, one can see the fitness of the injunction to set bounds around the mount, that neither man nor beast might approach too near, for it rises like a perpendicular wall." But Jebel Musa, the old traditional Sinai, and the highest peak, has also a spacious valley, Wady Sebaiyeh, capable of holding the people. It is not certain on which of these two they stood.

Versículo 21

VIII. the Lord said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people--No sooner had Moses proceeded a little up t…

the Lord said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people--No sooner had Moses proceeded a little up the mount, than he was suddenly ordered to return, in order to keep the people from breaking through to gaze--a course adopted to heighten the impressive solemnity of the scene. The strict injunctions renewed to all, whatever their condition, at a time and in circumstances when the whole multitude of Israel were standing at the base of the mount, was calculated in the highest degree to solemnize and awe every heart. Next: Exodus Chapter 20

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