Antiguo Testamento

Exodus — Capítulo 1

Exodus 1:1 INCREASE OF THE ISRAELITES. (Exo. 1:1-22) Now these are the names--(See Gen. 46:8-26).

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Estos son los nombres de los hijos de Israel que entraron en Egipto con Jacob; cada uno entró con su familia:

2Rubén, Simeón, Leví, Judá,

3Isacar, Zabulón, Benjamín,

4Dan, Neftalí, Gad y Aser.

5Todas las personas que le nacieron a Jacob fueron setenta. Y José estaba en Egipto.

6Y murió José, y todos sus hermanos, y toda aquella generación.

7Y los hijos de Israel fructificaron y se multiplicaron, y fueron aumentados y fortalecidos en extremo, y se llenó de ellos la tierra.

8Entretanto, se levantó sobre Egipto un nuevo rey que no conocía a José; y dijo a su pueblo:

9He aquí, el pueblo de los hijos de Israel es mayor y más fuerte que nosotros.

10Ahora, pues, seamos sabios para con él, para que no se multiplique, y acontezca que viniendo guerra, él también se una a nuestros enemigos y pelee contra nosotros, y se vaya de la tierra.

11Entonces pusieron sobre ellos comisarios de tributos que los molestasen con sus cargas; y edificaron para Faraón las ciudades de almacenaje, Pitón y Ramesés.

12Pero cuanto más los oprimían, tanto más se multiplicaban y crecían, de manera que los egipcios temían a los hijos de Israel.

13Y los egipcios hicieron servir a los hijos de Israel con dureza,

14y amargaron su vida con dura servidumbre, en hacer barro y ladrillo, y en toda labor del campo y en todo su servicio, al cual los obligaban con rigor.

15Y habló el rey de Egipto a las parteras de las hebreas, una de las cuales se llamaba Sifra, y otra Fúa, y les dijo:

16Cuando asistáis a las hebreas en sus partos, y veáis el sexo, si es hijo, matadlo; y si es hija, entonces viva.

17Pero las parteras temieron a Dios, y no hicieron como les mandó el rey de Egipto, sino que preservaron la vida a los niños.

18Y el rey de Egipto hizo llamar a las parteras y les dijo: ¿Por qué habéis hecho esto, que habéis preservado la vida a los niños?

19Y las parteras respondieron a Faraón: Porque las mujeres hebreas no son como las egipcias; pues son robustas, y dan a luz antes que la partera venga a ellas.

20Y Dios hizo bien a las parteras; y el pueblo se multiplicó y se fortaleció en gran manera.

21Y por haber las parteras temido a Dios, él prosperó sus familias.

22Entonces Faraón mandó a todo su pueblo, diciendo: Echad al río a todo hijo que nazca, y a toda hija preservad la vida.

JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 7

I. children of Israel were fruitful--They were living in a land where, according to the testimony of…

children of Israel were fruitful--They were living in a land where, according to the testimony of an ancient author, mothers produced three and four sometimes at a birth; and a modern writer declares "the females in Egypt, as well among the human race as among animals, surpass all others in fruitfulness." To this natural circumstance must be added the fulfilment of the promise made to Abraham.

Versículo 8

II. Now there arose up a new king--About sixty years after the death of Joseph a revolution took plac…

Now there arose up a new king--About sixty years after the death of Joseph a revolution took place--by which the old dynasty was overthrown, and upper and lower Egypt were united into one kingdom. Assuming that the king formerly reigned in Thebes, it is probable that he would know nothing about the Hebrews; and that, as foreigners and shepherds, the new government would, from the first, regard them with dislike and scorn.

Versículo 9

III. he said . . . Behold, the . . . children of Israel are more and mightier than we--They had risen …

he said . . . Behold, the . . . children of Israel are more and mightier than we--They had risen to great prosperity--as during the lifetime of Joseph and his royal patron, they had, probably, enjoyed a free grant of the land. Their increase and prosperity were viewed with jealousy by the new government; and as Goshen lay between Egypt and Canaan, on the border of which latter country were a number of warlike tribes, it was perfectly conformable to the suggestions of worldly policy that they should enslave and maltreat them, through apprehension of their joining in any invasion by those foreign rovers. The new king, who neither knew the name nor cared for the services of Joseph, was either Amosis, or one of his immediate successors [OSBURN].

Versículo 11

IV. Therefore they did set over them taskmasters--Having first obliged them, it is thought, to pay a …

Therefore they did set over them taskmasters--Having first obliged them, it is thought, to pay a ruinous rent and involved them in difficulties, that new government, in pursuance of its oppressive policy, degraded them to the condition of serfs--employing them exactly as the laboring people are in the present day (driven in companies or bands), in rearing the public works, with taskmasters, who anciently had sticks--now whips--to punish the indolent, or spur on the too languid. All public or royal buildings, in ancient Egypt, were built by captives; and on some of them was placed an inscription that no free citizen had been engaged in this servile employment. they built for Pharaoh treasure cities--These two store-places were in the land of Goshen; and being situated near a border liable to invasion, they were fortified cities (compare 2Ch. 11:1-12:16). Pithom (Greek, Patumos), lay on the eastern Pelusiac branch of the Nile, about twelve Roman miles from Heliopolis; and Raamses, called by the Septuagint Heroopolis, lay between the same branch of the Nile and the Bitter Lakes. These two fortified cities were situated, therefore, in the same valley; and the fortifications, which Pharaoh commanded to be built around both, had probably the same common object, of obstructing the entrance into Egypt, which this valley furnished the enemy from Asia [HENGSTENBERG].

Versículo 13

V. The Egyptians . . . made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar, and in brick--Ruins of …

The Egyptians . . . made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar, and in brick--Ruins of great brick buildings are found in all parts of Egypt. The use of crude brick, baked in the sun, was universal in upper and lower Egypt, both for public and private buildings; all but the temples themselves were of crude brick. It is worthy of remark that more bricks bearing the name of Thothmes III, who is supposed to have been the king of Egypt at the time of the Exodus, have been discovered than of any other period [WILKINSON]. Parties of these brickmakers are seen depicted on the ancient monuments with "taskmasters," some standing, others in a sitting posture beside the laborers, with their uplifted sticks in their hands.

Versículo 15

VI. the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives--Two only were spoken to--either they were the hea…

the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives--Two only were spoken to--either they were the heads of a large corporation [LABORDE], or, by tampering with these two, the king designed to terrify the rest into secret compliance with his wishes [CALVIN].

Versículo 16

VII. if it be a son, then ye shall kill him--Opinions are divided, however, what was the method of des…

if it be a son, then ye shall kill him--Opinions are divided, however, what was the method of destruction which the king did recommend. Some think that the "stools" were low seats on which these obstetric practitioners sat by the bedside of the Hebrew women; and that, as they might easily discover the sex, so, whenever a boy appeared, they were to strangle it, unknown to its parents; while others are of opinion that the "stools" were stone troughs, by the river side--into which, when the infants were washed, they were to be, as it were, accidentally dropped.

Versículo 17

VIII. But the midwives feared God--Their faith inspired them with such courage as to risk their lives, …

But the midwives feared God--Their faith inspired them with such courage as to risk their lives, by disobeying the mandate of a cruel tyrant; but it was blended with weakness, which made them shrink from speaking the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.

Versículo 20

IX. God dealt well with the midwives--This represents God as rewarding them for telling a lie. This d…

God dealt well with the midwives--This represents God as rewarding them for telling a lie. This difficulty is wholly removed by a more correct translation. To "make" or "build up a house" in Hebrew idiom, means to have a numerous progeny. The passage then should be rendered thus: "God protected the midwives, and the people waxed very mighty; and because the midwives feared, the Hebrews grew and prospered." Next: Exodus Chapter 2

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