Antiguo Testamento

Deuteronomy — Capítulo 15

THE SEVENTH YEAR, A YEAR OF RELEASE FOR THE POOR. (Deu 15:1-11) At the end of every seven years--during the last of the seven, that is, the sabbatical year (Exo 21:2; Exo 23:11; Lev 25:4; Jer 34:14).

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Cada siete años harás remisión.

2Y esta es la manera de la remisión: perdonará a su deudor todo aquel que hizo empréstito de su mano, con el cual obligó a su prójimo; no lo demandará más a su prójimo, o a su hermano, porque es pregonada la remisión de Jehová.

3Del extranjero demandarás el reintegro; pero lo que tu hermano tuviere tuyo, lo perdonará tu mano,

4para que así no haya en medio de ti mendigo; porque Jehová te bendecirá con abundancia en la tierra que Jehová tu Dios te da por heredad para que la tomes en posesión,

5si escuchares fielmente la voz de Jehová tu Dios, para guardar y cumplir todos estos mandamientos que yo te ordeno hoy.

6Ya que Jehová tu Dios te habrá bendecido, como te ha dicho, prestarás entonces a muchas naciones, mas tú no tomarás prestado; tendrás dominio sobre muchas naciones, pero sobre ti no tendrán dominio.

7Cuando haya en medio de ti menesteroso de alguno de tus hermanos en alguna de tus ciudades, en la tierra que Jehová tu Dios te da, no endurecerás tu corazón, ni cerrarás tu mano contra tu hermano pobre,

8sino abrirás a él tu mano liberalmente, y en efecto le prestarás lo que necesite.

9Guárdate de tener en tu corazón pensamiento perverso, diciendo: Cerca está el año séptimo, el de la remisión, y mires con malos ojos a tu hermano menesteroso para no darle; porque él podrá clamar contra ti a Jehová, y se te contará por pecado.

10Sin falta le darás, y no serás de mezquino corazón cuando le des; porque por ello te bendecirá Jehová tu Dios en todos tus hechos, y en todo lo que emprendas.

11Porque no faltarán menesterosos en medio de la tierra; por eso yo te mando, diciendo: Abrirás tu mano a tu hermano, al pobre y al menesteroso en tu tierra.

12Si se vendiere a ti tu hermano hebreo o hebrea, y te hubiere servido seis años, al séptimo le despedirás libre.

13Y cuando lo despidieres libre, no le enviarás con las manos vacías.

14Le abastecerás liberalmente de tus ovejas, de tu era y de tu lagar; le darás de aquello en que Jehová te hubiere bendecido.

15Y te acordarás de que fuiste siervo en la tierra de Egipto, y que Jehová tu Dios te rescató; por tanto yo te mando esto hoy.

16Si él te dijere: No te dejaré; porque te ama a ti y a tu casa, y porque le va bien contigo;

17entonces tomarás una lesna, y horadarás su oreja contra la puerta, y será tu siervo para siempre; así también harás a tu criada.

18No te parezca duro cuando le enviares libre, pues por la mitad del costo de un jornalero te sirvió seis años; y Jehová tu Dios te bendecirá en todo cuanto hicieres.

19Consagrarás a Jehová tu Dios todo primogénito macho de tus vacas y de tus ovejas; no te servirás del primogénito de tus vacas, ni trasquilarás el primogénito de tus ovejas.

20Delante de Jehová tu Dios los comerás cada año, tú y tu familia, en el lugar que Jehová escogiere.

21Y si hubiere en él defecto, si fuere ciego, o cojo, o hubiere en él cualquier falta, no lo sacrificarás a Jehová tu Dios.

22En tus poblaciones lo comerás; el inmundo lo mismo que el limpio comerán de él, como de una gacela o de un ciervo.

23Solamente que no comas su sangre; sobre la tierra la derramarás como agua.

JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 2

I. Every creditor that lendeth ought unto his neighbour shall release it--not by an absolute dischar…

Every creditor that lendeth ought unto his neighbour shall release it--not by an absolute discharge of the debt, but by passing over that year without exacting payment. The relief was temporary and peculiar to that year during which there was a total suspension of agricultural labor. he shall not exact it . . . of his brother--that is, an Israelite, so called in opposition to a stranger or foreigner. because it is called the Lord's release--The reason for acquitting a debtor at that particular period proceeded from obedience to the command, and a regard for the honor, of God; an acknowledgment of holding their property of Him, and gratitude for His kindness.

Versículo 3

II. Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it again--Admission to all the religious privileges of the Israe…

Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it again--Admission to all the religious privileges of the Israelites was freely granted to heathen proselytes, though this spiritual incorporation did not always imply an equal participation of civil rights and privileges (Lev 25:44; Jer 34:14; compare Ch1 22:2; Ch2 2:17).

Versículo 4

III. Save when there shall be no poor man among you--Apparently a qualifying clause added to limit the…

Save when there shall be no poor man among you--Apparently a qualifying clause added to limit the application of the foregoing statement [Deu 15:3]; so that "the brother" to be released pointed to a poor borrower, whereas it is implied that if he were rich, the restoration of the loan might be demanded even during that year. But the words may properly be rendered (as on the Margin) to the end, in order that there may be no poor among you--that is, that none be reduced to inconvenient straits and poverty by unseasonable exaction of debts at a time when there was no labor and no produce, and that all may enjoy comfort and prosperity, which will be the case through the special blessing of God on the land, provided they are obedient.

Versículo 7

IV. If there be among you a poor man . . . thou shalt not harden thine heart--Lest the foregoing law …

If there be among you a poor man . . . thou shalt not harden thine heart--Lest the foregoing law should prevent the Israelites lending to the poor, Moses here admonishes them against so mean and selfish a spirit and exhorts them to give in a liberal spirit of charity and kindness, which will secure the divine blessing (Rom 12:8; Co2 9:7).

Versículo 11

V. For the poor shall never cease out of the land--Although every Israelite on the conquest of Canaa…

For the poor shall never cease out of the land--Although every Israelite on the conquest of Canaan became the owner of property, yet in the providence of God who foresaw the event, it was permitted, partly as a punishment of disobedience and partly for the exercise of benevolent and charitable feelings, that "the poor should never cease out of the land."

Versículo 12

VI. HEBREW SERVANTS' FREEDOM. (Deu 15:12-19)

HEBREW SERVANTS' FREEDOM. (Deu 15:12-19) if thy brother, an Hebrew man, or an Hebrew woman, be sold unto thee--The last extremity of an insolvent debtor, when his house or land was not sufficient to cancel his debt, was to be sold as a slave with his family (Lev 25:39; Kg2 4:1; Neh 5:1-13; Job 24:9; Mat 18:25). The term of servitude could not last beyond six years. They obtained their freedom either after six years from the time of their sale or before the end of the seventh year. At the year of jubilee, such slaves were emancipated even if their six years of service were not completed [see on Lev 25:39].

Versículo 13

VII. thou shalt not let him go away empty--A seasonable and wise provision for enabling a poor unfortu…

thou shalt not let him go away empty--A seasonable and wise provision for enabling a poor unfortunate to regain his original status in society, and the motive urged for his kindness and humanity to the Hebrew slave was the remembrance that the whole nation was once a degraded and persecuted band of helots in Egypt. Thus, kindness towards their slaves, unparalleled elsewhere in those days, was inculcated by the Mosaic law; and in all their conduct towards persons in that reduced condition, leniency and gentleness were enforced by an appeal which no Israelite could resist.

Versículo 16

VIII. if he say unto thee, I will not go away from thee--If they declined to avail themselves of the pr…

if he say unto thee, I will not go away from thee--If they declined to avail themselves of the privilege of release and chose to remain with their master, then by a peculiar form of ceremony they became a party to the transaction, voluntarily sold themselves to their employer, and continued in his service till death.

Versículo 18

IX. he hath been worth a double hired servant to thee--that is, he is entitled to double wages becaus…

he hath been worth a double hired servant to thee--that is, he is entitled to double wages because his service was more advantageous to you, being both without wages and for a length of time, whereas hired servants were engaged yearly (Lev 25:53), or at most for three years (Isa 16:14).

Versículo 19

X. All the firstling males of thy herd and of thy flock thou shalt sanctify unto the Lord thy God--[…

All the firstling males of thy herd and of thy flock thou shalt sanctify unto the Lord thy God--[See on Exo 13:2]; see Exo 22:30). thou shalt do not work with the firstling of thy bullock--that is, the second firstlings (see Deu 12:17-18; Deu 14:23). Next: Deuteronomy Chapter 16

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