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1 Corinthians — Capítulo 3

PAUL COULD NOT SPEAK TO THEM OF DEEP SPIRITUAL TRUTHS, AS THEY WERE CARNAL, CONTENDING FOR THEIR SEVERAL TEACHERS; THESE ARE NOTHING BUT WORKERS FOR GOD, TO WHOM THEY MUST GIVE ACCOUNT IN THE DAY OF FIERY JUDGMENT. TH…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1De manera que yo, hermanos, no pude hablaros como a espirituales, sino como a carnales, como a niños en Cristo.

2Os di a beber leche, y no vianda; porque aún no erais capaces, ni sois capaces todavía,

3porque aún sois carnales; pues habiendo entre vosotros celos, contiendas y disensiones, ¿no sois carnales, y andáis como hombres?

4Porque diciendo el uno: Yo ciertamente soy de Pablo; y el otro: Yo soy de Apolos, ¿no sois carnales?

5¿Qué, pues, es Pablo, y qué es Apolos? Servidores por medio de los cuales habéis creído; y eso según lo que a cada uno concedió el Señor.

6Yo planté, Apolos regó; pero el crecimiento lo ha dado Dios.

7Así que ni el que planta es algo, ni el que riega, sino Dios, que da el crecimiento.

8Y el que planta y el que riega son una misma cosa; aunque cada uno recibirá su recompensa conforme a su labor.

9Porque nosotros somos colaboradores de Dios, y vosotros sois labranza de Dios, edificio de Dios.

10Conforme a la gracia de Dios que me ha sido dada, yo como perito arquitecto puse el fundamento, y otro edifica encima; pero cada uno mire cómo sobreedifica.

11Porque nadie puede poner otro fundamento que el que está puesto, el cual es Jesucristo.

12Y si sobre este fundamento alguno edificare oro, plata, piedras preciosas, madera, heno, hojarasca,

13la obra de cada uno se hará manifiesta; porque el día la declarará, pues por el fuego será revelada; y la obra de cada uno cuál sea, el fuego la probará.

14Si permaneciere la obra de alguno que sobreedificó, recibirá recompensa.

15Si la obra de alguno se quemare, él sufrirá pérdida, si bien él mismo será salvo, aunque así como por fuego.

16¿No sabéis que sois templo de Dios, y que el Espíritu de Dios mora en vosotros?

17Si alguno destruyere el templo de Dios, Dios le destruirá a él; porque el templo de Dios, el cual sois vosotros, santo es.

18Nadie se engañe a sí mismo; si alguno entre vosotros se cree sabio en este siglo, hágase ignorante, para que llegue a ser sabio.

19Porque la sabiduría de este mundo es insensatez para con Dios; pues escrito está: Él prende a los sabios en la astucia de ellos.

20Y otra vez: El Señor conoce los pensamientos de los sabios, que son vanos.

21Así que, ninguno se gloríe en los hombres; porque todo es vuestro:

22sea Pablo, sea Apolos, sea Cefas, sea el mundo, sea la vida, sea la muerte, sea lo presente, sea lo por venir, todo es vuestro,

23y vosotros de Cristo, y Cristo de Dios.

JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 2

I. (Heb 5:12).

(Heb 5:12). milk--the elementary "principles of the doctrine of Christ."

Versículo 3

II. envying--jealousy, rivalry. As this refers to their feelings, "strife" refers to their words, and…

envying--jealousy, rivalry. As this refers to their feelings, "strife" refers to their words, and "divisions" to their actions [BENGEL]. There is a gradation, or ascending climax: envying had produced strife, and strife divisions (factious parties) [GROTIUS]. His language becomes severer now as He proceeds; in Co1 1:11 he had only said "contentions," he now multiplies the words (compare the stronger term, Co1 4:6, than in Co1 3:21). carnal--For "strife" is a "work of the flesh" (Gal 5:20). The "flesh" includes all feelings that aim not at the glory of God, and the good of our neighbor, but at gratifying self. walk as men--as unregenerate men (compare Mat 16:23). "After the flesh, not after the Spirit" of God, as becomes you as regenerate by the Spirit (Rom 8:4; Gal 5:25-26).

Versículo 4

III. (Co1 1:12).

(Co1 1:12). are ye not carnal--The oldest manuscripts read, "Are ye not men?" that is, "walking as men" unregenerate (Co1 3:3).

Versículo 5

IV. Who then--Seeing then that ye severally strive so for your favorite teachers, "Who is (of what in…

Who then--Seeing then that ye severally strive so for your favorite teachers, "Who is (of what intrinsic power and dignity) Paul?" If so great an apostle reasons so of himself, how much more does humility, rather than self-seeking, become ordinary ministers! Paul . . . Apollos--The oldest manuscripts read in the reverse order, "Apollos," &c. Paul." He puts Apollos before himself in humility. but ministers, &c.--The oldest manuscripts have no "but." "Who is Apollos . . . Paul? (mere) ministers (a lowly word appropriate here, servants), by whom (not "in whom"; by whose ministrations) ye believed." as . . . Lord gave to every man--that is, to the several hearers, for it was GOD that "gave the increase" (Co1 3:6).

Versículo 6

V. I . . . planted, Apollos watered-- (Act 18:1; Act 19:1). Apollos at his own desire (Act 18:27) wa…

I . . . planted, Apollos watered-- (Act 18:1; Act 19:1). Apollos at his own desire (Act 18:27) was sent by the brethren to Corinth, and there followed up the work which Paul had begun. God gave the increase--that is, the growth (Co1 3:10; Act 18:27). "Believed through grace." Though ministers are nothing, and God all in all, yet God works by instruments, and promises the Holy Spirit in the faithful use of means. This is the dispensation of the Spirit, and ours is the ministry of the Spirit.

Versículo 7

VI. neither is he that . . . anything . . . but God--namely, is all in all. "God" is emphatically las…

neither is he that . . . anything . . . but God--namely, is all in all. "God" is emphatically last in the Greek, "He that giveth the increase (namely), GOD." Here follows a parenthesis, Co1 3:8-21, where "Let no man glory in men" stands in antithetic contrast to "God" here.

Versículo 8

VII. one--essentially in their aim they are one, engaged in one and the same ministry; therefore they …

one--essentially in their aim they are one, engaged in one and the same ministry; therefore they ought not to be made by you the occasion of forming separate parties. and every man--rather "but every man." Though in their service or ministry, they are essentially "one," yet every minister is separately responsible in "his own" work, and "shall receive his own (emphatically repeated) reward, according to his own labor." The reward is something over and above personal salvation (Co1 3:14-15; Jo2 1:8). He shall be rewarded according to, not his success or the amount of work done, but "according to his own labor." It shall be said to him, "Well done, thou good and (not successful, but) faithful servant, enter thou into the joy of thy Lord" (Mat 25:23).

Versículo 9

VIII. Translate, as the Greek collocation of words, and the emphasis on "God" thrice repeated, requires…

Translate, as the Greek collocation of words, and the emphasis on "God" thrice repeated, requires, "For (in proof that "each shall receive reward according to his own labor," namely, from God) it is of God that we are the fellow workers (laboring with, but under, and belonging to Him as His servants, Co2 5:20; Co2 6:1; compare Act 15:4; see on Th1 3:2) of God that ye are the field (or tillage), of God that ye are the building" [ALFORD]. "Building" is a new image introduced here, as suited better than that of husbandry, to set forth the different kinds of teaching and their results, which he is now about to discuss. "To edify" or "build up" the Church of Christ is similarly used (Eph 2:21-22; Eph 4:29).

Versículo 10

IX. grace . . . given unto me--Paul puts this first, to guard against seeming to want humility, in pr…

grace . . . given unto me--Paul puts this first, to guard against seeming to want humility, in pronouncing himself "a WISE master builder," in the clause following [CHRYSOSTOM]. The "grace" is that "given" to him in common with all Christians (Co1 3:5), only proportioned to the work which God had for him to do [ALFORD]. wise--that is, skilful. His skill is shown in his laying a foundation. The unskilful builder lays none (Luk 6:49). Christ is the foundation (Co1 3:11). another--who ever comes after me. He does not name Apollos; for he speaks generally of all successors, whoever they be. His warning, "Let every man (every teacher) take heed how," &c., refers to other successors rather than Apollos, who doubtless did not, as they, build wood, hay, &c., on the foundation (compare Co1 4:15). "I have done my part, let them who follow me see (so the Greek for 'take heed') to theirs" [BENGEL]. how--with what material [ALFORD]. How far wisely, and in builder-like style (Pe1 4:11). buildeth thereupon--Here the building or superstructure raised on Christ the "foundation," laid by Paul (Co1 2:2) is not, as in Eph 2:20-21, the Christian Church made up of believers, the "lively stones" (Pe1 2:5), but the doctrinal and practical teaching which the teachers who succeeded Paul, superadded to his first teaching; not that they taught what was false, but their teaching was subtle and speculative reasoning, rather than solid and simple truth.

Versículo 11

X. (Isa 28:16; Act 4:12; Eph 2:20).

(Isa 28:16; Act 4:12; Eph 2:20). For--my warning ("take heed," &c. Co1 3:10) is as to the superstructure ("buildeth thereupon"), not as to the foundation: "For other foundation can no man lay, than that which has (already) been laid (by God) Jesus Christ," the person, not the mere abstract doctrine about Him, though the latter also is included; Jesus, GOD-SAVIOUR; Christ, MESSIAH or ANOINTED. can--A man can not lay any other, since the only one recognized by God has been already laid.

Versículo 12

XI. Now--rather, "But." The image is that of a building on a solid foundation, and partly composed of…

Now--rather, "But." The image is that of a building on a solid foundation, and partly composed of durable and precious, partly of perishable, materials. The "gold, silver, precious stones," which all can withstand fire (Rev 21:18-19), are teachings that will stand the fiery test of judgment; "wood, hay, stubble," are those which cannot stand it; not positive heresy, for that would destroy the foundation, but teaching mixed up with human philosophy and Judaism, curious rather than useful. Besides the teachings, the superstructure represents also the persons cemented to the Church by them, the reality of whose conversion, through the teachers' instrumentality, will be tested at the last day. Where there is the least grain of real gold of faith, it shall never be lost (Pe1 1:7; compare Co1 4:12). On the other hand, the lightest straw feeds the fire [BENGEL] (Mat 5:19).

Versículo 13

XII. Every man's work--each teacher's superstructure on the foundation.

Every man's work--each teacher's superstructure on the foundation. the day--of the Lord (Co1 1:8; Heb 10:25; Th1 5:4). The article is emphatic, "The day," that is, the great day of days, the long expected day. declare it--old English for "make it clear" (Co1 4:4). it shall be revealed by fire--it, that is, "every man's work." Rather, "He," the Lord, whose day it is (Th2 1:7-8). Translate literally, "is being revealed (the present in the Greek implies the certainty and nearness of the event, Rev 22:10, Rev 22:20) in fire" (Mal 3:3; Mal 4:1). The fire (probably figurative here, as the gold, hay, &c.) is not purgatory (as Rome teaches, that is, purificatory and punitive), but probatory, not restricted to those dying in "venial sin"; the supposed intermediate class between those entering heaven at once, and those dying in mortal sin who go to hell, but universal, testing the godly and ungodly alike (Co2 5:10; compare Mar 9:49). This fire is not till the last day, the supposed fire of purgatory begins at death. The fire of Paul is to try the works, the fire of purgatory the persons, of men. Paul's fire causes "loss" to the sufferers; Rome's purgatory, great gain, namely, heaven at last to those purged by it, if only it were true. Thus this passage, quoted by Rome for, is altogether against, purgatory. "It was not this doctrine that gave rise to prayers for the dead; but the practice of praying for the dead [which crept in from the affectionate but mistaken solicitude of survivors] gave rise to the doctrine" [WHATELY].

Versículo 14

XIII. abide--abide the testing fire (Mat 3:11-12).

abide--abide the testing fire (Mat 3:11-12). which he hath built thereupon--which he built on the foundation. reward--wages, as a builder, that is, teacher. His converts built on Christ the foundation, through his faithful teaching, shall be his "crown of rejoicing" (Co2 1:14; Phi 2:16; Th1 2:19).

Versículo 15

XIV. If . . . be burnt--if any teacher's work consist of such materials as the fire will destroy [ALFO…

If . . . be burnt--if any teacher's work consist of such materials as the fire will destroy [ALFORD]. suffer loss--that is, forfeit the special "reward"; not that he shall lose salvation (which is altogether a free gift, not a "reward" or wages), for he remains still on the foundation (Co1 3:12; Jo2 1:6). saved; yet so as by fire--rather, "so as through fire" (Zac 3:2; Amo 4:11; Jde 1:23). "Saved, yet not without fire" (Rom 2:27) [BENGEL]. As a builder whose building, not the foundation, is consumed by fire, escapes, but with the loss of his work [ALFORD]; as the shipwrecked merchant, though he has lost his merchandise, is saved, though having to pass through the waves [BENGEL]; Mal 3:1-2; Mal 4:1, give the key to explain the imagery. The "Lord suddenly coming to His temple" in flaming "fire," all the parts of the building which will not stand that fire will be consumed; the builders will escape with personal salvation, but with the loss of their work, through the midst of the conflagration [ALFORD]. Again, a distinction is recognized between minor and fundamental doctrines (if we regard the superstructure as representing the doctrines superadded to the elementary essentials); a man may err as to the former, and yet be saved, but not so as to the latter (compare Phi 3:15).

Versículo 16

XV. Know ye not--It is no new thing I tell you, in calling you "God's building"; ye know and ought to…

Know ye not--It is no new thing I tell you, in calling you "God's building"; ye know and ought to remember, ye are the noblest kind of building, "the temple of God." ye--all Christians form together one vast temple. The expression is not, "ye are temples," but "ye are the temple" collectively, and "lively stones" (Pe1 2:5) individually. God . . . Spirit--God's indwelling, and that of the Holy Spirit, are one; therefore the Holy Spirit is God. No literal "temple" is recognized by the New Testament in the Christian Church. The only one is the spiritual temple, the whole body of believing worshippers in which the Holy Spirit dwells (Co1 6:19; Joh 4:23-24). The synagogue, not the temple, was the model of the Christian house of worship. The temple was the house of sacrifice, rather than of prayer. Prayers in the temple were silent and individual (Luk 1:10; Luk 18:10-13), not joint and public, nor with reading of Scripture, as in the synagogue. The temple, as the name means (from a Greek root "to dwell"), was the earthly dwelling-place of God, where alone He put His name. The synagogue (as the name means an assembly) was the place for assembling men. God now too has His earthly temple, not one of wood and stone, but the congregation of believers, the "living stones" on the "spiritual house." Believers are all spiritual priests in it. Jesus Christ, our High Priest, has the only literal priesthood (Mal 1:11; Mat 18:20; Pe1 2:5) [VITRINGA].

Versículo 17

16. If any . . . defile . . . destroy--rather as the Greek verb is the same in both cases, "destroy .…

If any . . . defile . . . destroy--rather as the Greek verb is the same in both cases, "destroy . . . destroy." God repays in kind by a righteous retaliation. The destroyer shall himself be destroyed. As temporal death was the penalty of marring the material temple (Lev 16:2; Dan 5:2-3, Dan 5:30), so eternal death is the penalty of marring the spiritual temple--the Church. The destroyers here (Co1 3:16-17), are distinct from the unwise or unskilful builders (Co1 3:12, Co1 3:15); the latter held fast the "foundation" (Co1 3:11), and, therefore, though they lose their work of superstructure and the special reward, yet they are themselves saved; the destroyers, on the contrary, assailed with false teaching the foundation, and so subvert the temple itself, and shall therefore be destroyed. (See on Co1 3:10), [ESTIUS and NEANDER]. I think Paul passes here from the teachers to all the members of the Church, who, by profession, are "priests unto God" (Exo 19:6; Pe1 2:9; Rev 1:6). As the Aaronic priests were doomed to die if they violated the old temple (Exo 28:43), so any Christian who violates the sanctity of the spiritual temple, shall perish eternally (Heb 12:14; Heb 10:26, Heb 10:31). holy--inviolable (Hab 2:20). which temple ye are--rather, "the which (that is, holy) are ye" [ALFORD], and, therefore, want of holiness on the part of any of you (or, as ESTIUS, "to tamper with the foundation in teaching you") is a violation of the temple, which cannot be let to pass with impunity. GROTIUS supports English Version.

Versículo 18

17. seemeth--that is, is, and is regarded by himself and others.

seemeth--that is, is, and is regarded by himself and others. wise in this world--wise in mere worldly wisdom (Co1 1:20). let him become a fool--by receiving the Gospel in its unworldly simplicity, and so becoming a fool in the world's sight [ALFORD]. Let him no longer think himself wise, but seek the true wisdom from God, bringing his understanding into captivity to the obedience of faith [ESTIUS].

Versículo 19

18. with God--in the judgment of God.

with God--in the judgment of God. it is written--in Job 5:13. The formula of quoting SCRIPTURE used here, establishes the canonicity of Job. He taketh . . . wise in . . . own craftiness--proving the "foolishness" of the world's wisdom, since it is made by God the very snare to catch those who think themselves so wise. Literally, "He who taketh . . . the whole of the sentence not being quoted, but only the part which suited Paul's purpose.

Versículo 20

19. Quotation from Psa 94:11. There it is of men; here it is "of the wise." Paul by inspiration state…

Quotation from Psa 94:11. There it is of men; here it is "of the wise." Paul by inspiration states the class of men whose "thoughts" (or rather, "reasonings," as suits the Greek and the sense of the context) the Spirit designated in the Psalm, "vanity," namely, the "proud" (Psa 94:2) and worldly-wise, whom God in Psa 94:8 calls "fools," though they "boast themselves" of their wisdom in pushing their interests (Psa 94:4).

Versículo 21

20. let no man glory in men--resuming the subject from Co1 3:4; compare Co1 1:12, Co1 1:31, where the…

let no man glory in men--resuming the subject from Co1 3:4; compare Co1 1:12, Co1 1:31, where the true object of glorying is stated: "He that glorieth, let him glory in THE LORD." Also Co1 4:6, "That no one of you be puffed up for one against another." For all things--not only all men. For you to glory thus in men, is lowering yourselves from your high position as heirs of all things. All men (including your teachers) belong to Christ, and therefore to you, by your union with Him; He makes them and all things work together for your good (Rom 8:28). Ye are not for the sake of them, but they for the sake of you (Co2 4:5, Co2 4:15). They belong to you, not you to them.

Versículo 22

21. Enumeration of some of the "all things." The teachers, in whom they gloried, he puts first (Co1 1…

Enumeration of some of the "all things." The teachers, in whom they gloried, he puts first (Co1 1:12). He omits after "Cephas" or Christ (to whom exclusively some at Corinth, Co1 1:12, professed to belong); but, instead, substitutes "ye are Christ's" (Co1 3:23). world . . . life . . . death . . . things present . . . things to come--Not only shall they not "separate you from the love of God in Christ" (Rom 8:38-39), but they "all are yours," that is, are for you (Rom 8:28), and belong to you, as they belong to Christ your Head (Heb 1:2). things present--"things actually present" [ALFORD].

Versículo 23

22. ye are Christ's--not Paul's, or Apollos,' or Cephas' (Co1 11:3; Mat 23:8-10). "Neither be ye call…

ye are Christ's--not Paul's, or Apollos,' or Cephas' (Co1 11:3; Mat 23:8-10). "Neither be ye called masters; for one is your Master, even Christ" (Rom 14:8). Not merely a particular section of you, but ye all are Christ's (Co1 1:12). Christ is God's-- (Co1 11:3). God is the ultimate end of all, even of Christ, His co-equal Son (Co1 15:28; Phi 2:6-11). Next: 1 Corinthians Chapter 4

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