Sanballat and Tobiah mock the Jews, and endeavor to prevent the completing of the wall, Neh 4:1-3. Nehemiah prays against them, and the people complete one half of the wall, Neh 4:4-6. The Arabians, Ammonites, and Ash…
1Cuando oyó Sanbalat que nosotros edificábamos el muro, se enojó y se enfureció en gran manera, e hizo escarnio de los judíos.
2Y habló delante de sus hermanos y del ejército de Samaria, y dijo: ¿Qué hacen estos débiles judíos? ¿Se les permitirá volver a ofrecer sus sacrificios? ¿Acabarán en un día? ¿Resucitarán de los montones del polvo las piedras que fueron quemadas?
3Y estaba junto a él Tobías amonita, el cual dijo: Lo que ellos edifican del muro de piedra, si subiere una zorra lo derribará.
4Oye, oh Dios nuestro, que somos objeto de su menosprecio, y vuelve el baldón de ellos sobre su cabeza, y entrégalos por despojo en la tierra de su cautiverio.
5No cubras su iniquidad, ni su pecado sea borrado delante de ti, porque se airaron contra los que edificaban.
6Edificamos, pues, el muro, y toda la muralla fue terminada hasta la mitad de su altura, porque el pueblo tuvo ánimo para trabajar.
7Pero aconteció que oyendo Sanbalat y Tobías, y los árabes, los amonitas y los de Asdod, que los muros de Jerusalén eran reparados, porque ya los portillos comenzaban a ser cerrados, se encolerizaron mucho;
8y conspiraron todos a una para venir a atacar a Jerusalén y hacerle daño.
9Entonces oramos a nuestro Dios, y por causa de ellos pusimos guarda contra ellos de día y de noche.
10Y dijo Judá: Las fuerzas de los acarreadores se han debilitado, y el escombro es mucho, y no podemos edificar el muro.
11Y nuestros enemigos dijeron: No sepan, ni vean, hasta que entremos en medio de ellos y los matemos, y hagamos cesar la obra.
12Pero sucedió que cuando venían los judíos que habitaban entre ellos, nos decían hasta diez veces: De todos los lugares de donde volviereis, ellos caerán sobre vosotros.
13Entonces por las partes bajas del lugar, detrás del muro, y en los sitios abiertos, puse al pueblo por familias, con sus espadas, con sus lanzas y con sus arcos.
14Después miré, y me levanté y dije a los nobles y a los oficiales, y al resto del pueblo: No temáis delante de ellos; acordaos del Señor, grande y temible, y pelead por vuestros hermanos, por vuestros hijos y por vuestras hijas, por vuestras mujeres y por vuestras casas.
15Y cuando oyeron nuestros enemigos que lo habíamos entendido, y que Dios había desbaratado el consejo de ellos, nos volvimos todos al muro, cada uno a su tarea.
16Desde aquel día la mitad de mis siervos trabajaba en la obra, y la otra mitad tenía lanzas, escudos, arcos y corazas; y detrás de ellos estaban los jefes de toda la casa de Judá.
17Los que edificaban en el muro, los que acarreaban, y los que cargaban, con una mano trabajaban en la obra, y en la otra tenían la espada.
18Porque los que edificaban, cada uno tenía su espada ceñida a sus lomos, y así edificaban; y el que tocaba la trompeta estaba junto a mí.
19Y dije a los nobles, y a los oficiales y al resto del pueblo: La obra es grande y extensa, y nosotros estamos apartados en el muro, lejos unos de otros.
20En el lugar donde oyereis el sonido de la trompeta, reuníos allí con nosotros; nuestro Dios peleará por nosotros.
21Nosotros, pues, trabajábamos en la obra; y la mitad de ellos tenían lanzas desde la subida del alba hasta que salían las estrellas.
22También dije entonces al pueblo: Cada uno con su criado permanezca dentro de Jerusalén, y de noche sirvan de centinela y de día en la obra.
23Y ni yo ni mis hermanos, ni mis jóvenes, ni la gente de guardia que me seguía, nos quitamos nuestro vestido; cada uno se desnudaba solamente para bañarse.
ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY
I
Versículo 2
I. The army of Samaria - As he was governor, he had the command of the army, and he wished to excite…
The army of Samaria - As he was governor, he had the command of the army, and he wished to excite the soldiers to second his views against Nehemiah and his men.
What do these feeble Jews? - We may remark here, in general, that the enemies of God's work endeavor by all means to discredit and destroy it, and those who are employed in it.
1. They despise the workmen: What do these feeble Jews?
2. They endeavor to turn all into ridicule: Will they fortify themselves?
3. They have recourse to lying: If a fox go up, he shall even break down their stone wall.
4. They sometimes use fair but deceitful speeches; see Neh 6:2, etc.
II
Versículo 4
II. Turn their reproach upon their own head - A prayer of this kind, understood literally, is not law…
Turn their reproach upon their own head - A prayer of this kind, understood literally, is not lawful for any Christian. Jesus, our great master, has said, "Love your enemies; do good to them that hate you; and pray for them that despitefully use you." Such sayings as the above are excusable in the mouth of a Jew, under severe irritation. See the next verse, Neh 4:5 (note).
III
Versículo 5
III. Let not their sin be blotted out - These are the most terrible imprecations; but probably we shou…
Let not their sin be blotted out - These are the most terrible imprecations; but probably we should understand them as declaratory, for the same form of the verb, in the Hebrew, is used as precative and imperative. Turn their reproach - Their reproach shall be turned. Give them for a prey - They shall be given for a prey. Cover not their iniquity - Their iniquity shall not be covered. Let not their sin be blotted out - Their sin shall not be blotted out. All who know the genius of the Hebrew language, know that the future tense is used to express all these senses. Besides, we may rest assured that Nehemiah's curses, or declaration of God's judgments, had respect only to their bodies, and to their life: not to their souls and the world to come. And then they amount to no more than this: What a man soweth that he shall reap.
IV
Versículo 6
IV. For the people had a mind to work - The original is very emphatic: ויהי לב לעם לעשות vayehi leb l…
For the people had a mind to work - The original is very emphatic: ויהי לב לעם לעשות vayehi leb leam laasoth, "For the people had a heart to work." Their hearts were engaged in it; and where the heart is engaged, the work of God goes on well. The whole of this 6th verse is omitted by the Septuagint.
V
Versículo 7
V. The walls of Jerusalem were made up - That is, they were made up to the half height of the wall; …
The walls of Jerusalem were made up - That is, they were made up to the half height of the wall; for the preceding verse seems to intimate that the whole wall was thus far built; not half of the wall completed, but the whole wall built to half its height.
VI
Versículo 9
VI. We made our prayer unto our God, and set a watch - The strongest confidence in the protection and…
We made our prayer unto our God, and set a watch - The strongest confidence in the protection and favor of God does not preclude the use of all or any of the means of self-preservation and defense which his providence has put in our power. While God works in us to will and to do, we should proceed to willing, through the power he has given us to will; and we should proceed to action, through the power he has given us to act. We cannot will, but through God's power; we cannot act, but through God's strength. The power, and the use of it, are two distinct things. We may have the power to will, and not will; and we may have the power to do, and not act: therefore, says the apostle, seeing God has wrought in you these powers, see that You Work Out Your Own salvation, with fear and trembling.
VII
Versículo 10
VII. The strength of the bearers of burdens is decayed - They worked both day and night, scarcely ever…
The strength of the bearers of burdens is decayed - They worked both day and night, scarcely ever putting off their clothes, except for the purpose of being washed, Neh 4:21, Neh 4:23.
Much rubbish - The ruins they were obliged to clear away, before they could dig the foundation for a new wall: and in this labor they were nearly exhausted; see Neh 5:15.
VIII
Versículo 12
VIII. From all places whence ye shall return unto us - This verse is extremely difficult. Our translato…
From all places whence ye shall return unto us - This verse is extremely difficult. Our translators have supplied the words, they will be upon you, which have nothing correspondent in the Hebrew. The Septuagint have given a good sense, Αναβαινουσιν εκ παντων των τοπων εφ' ἡμας, They come up from all places against us. The sense appears to be this: the Jews which dwelt among the Samaritans, etc., came often to Nehemiah from all quarters, where they sojourned, and told him the designs of his enemies against him: therefore, he set people with their swords, spears, and bows, to defend the walls. It is probable that instead of תשובו tashubu, "ye shall return," we should read חשבו chashebu, "they designed or meditated." This word is very similar to the other, and makes the sense very clear. "The Jews who dwelt among them told us frequently, from all places, what they designed against us." For this reading Houbigant, Michaelis and Dath contend. But this various reading is not found in any MS., and is not countenanced by any of the versions. See Neh 4:15.
IX
Versículo 14
IX. Be not ye afraid of them - Are they more terrible or stronger than God?
Be not ye afraid of them - Are they more terrible or stronger than God?
Fight for your brethren - Your own countrymen, who worship the same God, and are come from the same stock; your sons, whom they wish to slay or lead into captivity; your daughters and wives, whom they wish to deflower and defile; and your houses, which they wish to seize and occupy as their own. They had every thing at stake; and therefore they must fight pro aris et focis, for their religion, their lives, and their property. A people thus interested, who once take up the sword, can never be conquered.
There is an address made to the Greeks by their leader in Aeschylus, Pers. ver. 402, similar to this, to excite them against the Persians: -
- Ω Παιδες Ἑλληνων, ιτε,
Ελευθερουτε πατριδ,ελευθερουτε δε
Παιδας, γυνιακας, θεων ρε πατρῳων ἑδη,
Θηκας τε προγονων· νυν ὑπερ παντων αγων.
" - Sons of the Greeks, go on!
Free now your country, and your children free;
Your wives, the temples of your fathers' gods,
And dear abodes of farthest ancestors: -
Now strike the blow for all!"
J. B. B. C.
X
Versículo 15
X. Their counsel to naught - The word counsel used here countenances the emendation in the 12th verse.
Their counsel to naught - The word counsel used here countenances the emendation in the 12th verse.
XI
Versículo 16
XI. Half - wrought in the work - This is no unusual thing, even in the present day, in Palestine: peo…
Half - wrought in the work - This is no unusual thing, even in the present day, in Palestine: people sowing their seed are often attended by an armed man, to prevent the Arabs from robbing them of their seed, which they will not fail to do if not protected.
Habergeons - In the Franco-Gallic, hautbergon signifies a coat of mail; but as in Teutonic hais signifies the neck, and bergen, to cover or defend; it may be considered rather as signifying a breastplate, or armor for the breast.
XII
Versículo 17
XII. With one of his hands wrought in the work, and with the other hand held a weapon - That is, he ha…
With one of his hands wrought in the work, and with the other hand held a weapon - That is, he had his arms at hand, and was as fully prepared to fight as to work. So Ovid, Epist. xi., Canace Macario, ver. 1: -
Si qua tamen caecis errabunt scripta lituris,
Oblitus a dominae caede libellus erit:
Dextra tenet calamum; strictum tenet altera ferrum:
Et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo.
If streaming blood my fatal letter stain,
Imagine, ere you read, the writer slain.
One hand the sword, and one the pen employs,
And in my lap the ready paper lies.
Dryden.
By this mode of speech Canace does not intimate to her brother Macarius, that she actually held the sword in one hand while she held the pen in the other, but that she had it ready to slay herself as soon as she had written the epistle.
XIII
Versículo 20
XIII. Ye hear the sound of the trumpet - As the walls were very extensive, and the workmen consequently…
Ye hear the sound of the trumpet - As the walls were very extensive, and the workmen consequently much scattered, their enemies might easily attack and destroy them successively, he therefore ordered them all to work as near to each other as they could; and himself, who was everywhere surveying the work, kept a trumpeter always with him, who was to sound when the enemy approached; and all were instantly to run to the place where they heard the sound.
XIV
Versículo 22
XIV. Let every one with his servant lodge within Jerusalem - The country people were accustomed, after…
Let every one with his servant lodge within Jerusalem - The country people were accustomed, after their day's labor, to return to their families; now being so formidably threatened, he obliged them all to sleep in Jerusalem, that they might be ready, in case of attack, to help their brethren. All this man's arrangements were wise and judicious.
XV
Versículo 23
XV. None of us put off our clothes, saving that every one put them off for washing - The Hebrew for a…
None of us put off our clothes, saving that every one put them off for washing - The Hebrew for all this is only אין אנחנו פשטים בגדינו איש שלחו המים ein anachnu poshetim begadeynu ish shilcho hammayim; which Montanus translates, Non nos exuentes vestes nostras, vir missile suum aquas; "We, not putting off our garments, a man his dart to the waters." Of this latter clause what sense can be made? Let us hear what the ancient versions say.
The Vulgate, Unusquisque tantum nudabatur ad baptismum, "Every one stripped himself for the bath."
The Septuagint omit the latter part of this clause, And there was none of us who put off his garments.
The Syriac, "None of us put off his clothes for a month each in his turn.
The Arabic, "Nor did we put off our clothes, but with our arms, at the end of a month."
There is a remarkable reading in one of De Rossi's MSS. אין אנחנו פשטים בגדינו משלחהעל המים, We did not lay aside our garments, but in order to send them to the washing. This is most likely the sense of the place.
It is curious to see how our old versions translate the place.
Coverdale: We put never of our clothes, so much as to wash ourselves. - 1535.
Becke: We put never of our clothes, so muche as to washe ourselves. - 1549.
Cardmarden: We put never of oure clothes no more than the other dyd theyr harnesse, save onely bycause of the water. - 1566.
This shows how all interpreters have been puzzled with this vexatious clause.
The reading from De Rossi's MS., given above, is the most likely to be the true one, because it gives a good sense, which cannot be found in the Hebrew text as it now stands. The general meaning is sufficiently evident; they worked nearly day and night, only had their hours by turns for repose; this did not permit them time sufficient to undress themselves in order to take regular sleep, therefore they only put off their clothes when they were obliged to get them washed.
Antiguo Testamento
Nehemiah — Capítulo 4
Sanballat and Tobiah mock the Jews, and endeavor to prevent the completing of the wall, Neh 4:1-3. Nehemiah prays against them, and the people complete one half of the wall, Neh 4:4-6. The Arabians, Ammonites, and Ash…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Cuando oyó Sanbalat que nosotros edificábamos el muro, se enojó y se enfureció en gran manera, e hizo escarnio de los judíos.
2Y habló delante de sus hermanos y del ejército de Samaria, y dijo: ¿Qué hacen estos débiles judíos? ¿Se les permitirá volver a ofrecer sus sacrificios? ¿Acabarán en un día? ¿Resucitarán de los montones del polvo las piedras que fueron quemadas?
3Y estaba junto a él Tobías amonita, el cual dijo: Lo que ellos edifican del muro de piedra, si subiere una zorra lo derribará.
4Oye, oh Dios nuestro, que somos objeto de su menosprecio, y vuelve el baldón de ellos sobre su cabeza, y entrégalos por despojo en la tierra de su cautiverio.
5No cubras su iniquidad, ni su pecado sea borrado delante de ti, porque se airaron contra los que edificaban.
6Edificamos, pues, el muro, y toda la muralla fue terminada hasta la mitad de su altura, porque el pueblo tuvo ánimo para trabajar.
7Pero aconteció que oyendo Sanbalat y Tobías, y los árabes, los amonitas y los de Asdod, que los muros de Jerusalén eran reparados, porque ya los portillos comenzaban a ser cerrados, se encolerizaron mucho;
8y conspiraron todos a una para venir a atacar a Jerusalén y hacerle daño.
9Entonces oramos a nuestro Dios, y por causa de ellos pusimos guarda contra ellos de día y de noche.
10Y dijo Judá: Las fuerzas de los acarreadores se han debilitado, y el escombro es mucho, y no podemos edificar el muro.
11Y nuestros enemigos dijeron: No sepan, ni vean, hasta que entremos en medio de ellos y los matemos, y hagamos cesar la obra.
12Pero sucedió que cuando venían los judíos que habitaban entre ellos, nos decían hasta diez veces: De todos los lugares de donde volviereis, ellos caerán sobre vosotros.
13Entonces por las partes bajas del lugar, detrás del muro, y en los sitios abiertos, puse al pueblo por familias, con sus espadas, con sus lanzas y con sus arcos.
14Después miré, y me levanté y dije a los nobles y a los oficiales, y al resto del pueblo: No temáis delante de ellos; acordaos del Señor, grande y temible, y pelead por vuestros hermanos, por vuestros hijos y por vuestras hijas, por vuestras mujeres y por vuestras casas.
15Y cuando oyeron nuestros enemigos que lo habíamos entendido, y que Dios había desbaratado el consejo de ellos, nos volvimos todos al muro, cada uno a su tarea.
16Desde aquel día la mitad de mis siervos trabajaba en la obra, y la otra mitad tenía lanzas, escudos, arcos y corazas; y detrás de ellos estaban los jefes de toda la casa de Judá.
17Los que edificaban en el muro, los que acarreaban, y los que cargaban, con una mano trabajaban en la obra, y en la otra tenían la espada.
18Porque los que edificaban, cada uno tenía su espada ceñida a sus lomos, y así edificaban; y el que tocaba la trompeta estaba junto a mí.
19Y dije a los nobles, y a los oficiales y al resto del pueblo: La obra es grande y extensa, y nosotros estamos apartados en el muro, lejos unos de otros.
20En el lugar donde oyereis el sonido de la trompeta, reuníos allí con nosotros; nuestro Dios peleará por nosotros.
21Nosotros, pues, trabajábamos en la obra; y la mitad de ellos tenían lanzas desde la subida del alba hasta que salían las estrellas.
22También dije entonces al pueblo: Cada uno con su criado permanezca dentro de Jerusalén, y de noche sirvan de centinela y de día en la obra.
23Y ni yo ni mis hermanos, ni mis jóvenes, ni la gente de guardia que me seguía, nos quitamos nuestro vestido; cada uno se desnudaba solamente para bañarse.
ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY
Versículo 2
I. The army of Samaria - As he was governor, he had the command of the army, and he wished to excite…
Versículo 4
II. Turn their reproach upon their own head - A prayer of this kind, understood literally, is not law…
Versículo 5
III. Let not their sin be blotted out - These are the most terrible imprecations; but probably we shou…
Versículo 6
IV. For the people had a mind to work - The original is very emphatic: ויהי לב לעם לעשות vayehi leb l…
Versículo 7
V. The walls of Jerusalem were made up - That is, they were made up to the half height of the wall; …
Versículo 9
VI. We made our prayer unto our God, and set a watch - The strongest confidence in the protection and…
Versículo 10
VII. The strength of the bearers of burdens is decayed - They worked both day and night, scarcely ever…
Versículo 12
VIII. From all places whence ye shall return unto us - This verse is extremely difficult. Our translato…
Versículo 14
IX. Be not ye afraid of them - Are they more terrible or stronger than God?
Versículo 15
X. Their counsel to naught - The word counsel used here countenances the emendation in the 12th verse.
Versículo 16
XI. Half - wrought in the work - This is no unusual thing, even in the present day, in Palestine: peo…
Versículo 17
XII. With one of his hands wrought in the work, and with the other hand held a weapon - That is, he ha…
Versículo 20
XIII. Ye hear the sound of the trumpet - As the walls were very extensive, and the workmen consequently…
Versículo 22
XIV. Let every one with his servant lodge within Jerusalem - The country people were accustomed, after…
Versículo 23
XV. None of us put off our clothes, saving that every one put them off for washing - The Hebrew for a…