Antiguo Testamento

Leviticus — Capítulo 6

Laws relative to detention of property entrusted to the care of another, to robbery, and deceit, Lev 6:1, Lev 6:2; finding of goods lost, keeping them from their owner, and swearing falsely, Lev 6:3. Such a person sha…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Habló Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

2Cuando una persona pecare e hiciere prevaricación contra Jehová, y negare a su prójimo lo encomendado o dejado en su mano, o bien robare o calumniare a su prójimo,

3o habiendo hallado lo perdido después lo negare, y jurare en falso; en alguna de todas aquellas cosas en que suele pecar el hombre,

4entonces, habiendo pecado y ofendido, restituirá aquello que robó, o el daño de la calumnia, o el depósito que se le encomendó, o lo perdido que halló,

5o todo aquello sobre lo que hubiere jurado falsamente; lo restituirá por entero a aquel a quien pertenece, y añadirá a ello la quinta parte, en el día de su expiación.

6Y para expiación de su culpa traerá a Jehová un carnero sin defecto de los rebaños, conforme a tu estimación, y lo dará al sacerdote para la expiación.

7Y el sacerdote hará expiación por él delante de Jehová, y obtendrá perdón de cualquiera de todas las cosas en que suele ofender.

8Habló aún Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

9Manda a Aarón y a sus hijos, y diles: Esta es la ley del holocausto: el holocausto estará sobre el fuego encendido sobre el altar toda la noche, hasta la mañana; el fuego del altar arderá en él.

10Y el sacerdote se pondrá su vestidura de lino, y vestirá calzoncillos de lino sobre su cuerpo; y cuando el fuego hubiere consumido el holocausto, apartará él las cenizas de sobre el altar, y las pondrá junto al altar.

11Después se quitará sus vestiduras y se pondrá otras ropas, y sacará las cenizas fuera del campamento a un lugar limpio.

12Y el fuego encendido sobre el altar no se apagará, sino que el sacerdote pondrá en él leña cada mañana, y acomodará el holocausto sobre él, y quemará sobre él las grosuras de los sacrificios de paz.

13El fuego arderá continuamente en el altar; no se apagará.

14Esta es la ley de la ofrenda: La ofrecerán los hijos de Aarón delante de Jehová ante el altar.

15Y tomará de ella un puñado de la flor de harina de la ofrenda, y de su aceite, y todo el incienso que está sobre la ofrenda, y lo hará arder sobre el altar por memorial en olor grato a Jehová.

16Y el sobrante de ella lo comerán Aarón y sus hijos; sin levadura se comerá en lugar santo; en el atrio del tabernáculo de reunión lo comerán.

17No se cocerá con levadura; la he dado a ellos por su porción de mis ofrendas encendidas; es cosa santísima, como el sacrificio por el pecado, y como el sacrificio por la culpa.

18Todos los varones de los hijos de Aarón comerán de ella. Estatuto perpetuo será para vuestras generaciones tocante a las ofrendas encendidas para Jehová; toda cosa que tocare en ellas será santificada.

19Habló también Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

20Esta es la ofrenda de Aarón y de sus hijos, que ofrecerán a Jehová el día que fueren ungidos: la décima parte de un efa de flor de harina, ofrenda perpetua, la mitad a la mañana y la mitad a la tarde.

21En sartén se preparará con aceite; frita la traerás, y los pedazos cocidos de la ofrenda ofrecerás en olor grato a Jehová.

22Y el sacerdote que en lugar de Aarón fuere ungido de entre sus hijos, hará igual ofrenda. Es estatuto perpetuo de Jehová; toda ella será quemada.

23Toda ofrenda de sacerdote será enteramente quemada; no se comerá.

24Y habló Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

25Habla a Aarón y a sus hijos, y diles: Esta es la ley del sacrificio expiatorio: en el lugar donde se degüella el holocausto, será degollada la ofrenda por el pecado delante de Jehová; es cosa santísima.

26El sacerdote que la ofreciere por el pecado, la comerá; en lugar santo será comida, en el atrio del tabernáculo de reunión.

27Todo lo que tocare su carne, será santificado; y si salpicare su sangre sobre el vestido, lavarás aquello sobre lo cual cayere, en lugar santo.

28Y la vasija de barro en que fuere cocida, será quebrada; y si fuere cocida en vasija de bronce, será fregada y lavada con agua.

29Todo varón de entre los sacerdotes la comerá; es cosa santísima.

30Mas no se comerá ninguna ofrenda de cuya sangre se metiere en el tabernáculo de reunión para hacer expiación en el santuario; al fuego será quemada.

ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 2

I. Lie unto his neighbor, etc. - This must refer to a case in which a person delivered his property …

Lie unto his neighbor, etc. - This must refer to a case in which a person delivered his property to his neighbor to be preserved for him, and took no witness to attest the delivery of the goods; such a person therefore might deny that he had ever received such goods, for he who had deposited them with him could bring no proof of the delivery. On the other hand, a man might accuse his neighbor of detaining property which had never been confided to him, or, after having been confided, had been restored again; hence the law here is very cautious on these points: and because in many cases it was impossible to come at the whole truth without a direct revelation from God, which should in no common case be expected, the penalties are very moderate; for in such cases, even when guilt was discovered, the man might not be so criminal as appearances might intimate. See the law concerning this laid down and explained on Exo 22:7 (note), etc.

Versículo 3

II. Have found that which was lost - The Roman lawyers laid it down as a sound maxim of jurisprudence…

Have found that which was lost - The Roman lawyers laid it down as a sound maxim of jurisprudence, "that he who found any property and applied it to his own use, should be considered as a thief whether he knew the owner or not; for in their view the crime was not lessened, supposing the finder was totally ignorant of the right owner." Qui alienum quid jacens lucri faciendi causa sustulit, furti obstringitur, sive scit, cujus sit, sive ignoravit; nihil enim ad furtum minuendum, facit, quod, cujus sit, ignoret - Digestor, lib. xlvii., Tit. ii., de furtis, Leg. xliii., sec. 4. On this subject every honest man must say, that the man who finds any lost property, and does not make all due inquiry to find out the owner, should, in sound policy, be treated as a thief. It is said of the Dyrbaeans, a people who inhabited the tract between Bactria and India, that if they met with any lost property, even on the public road, they never even touched it. This was actually the case in this kingdom in the time of Alfred the Great, about a. d. 888; so that golden bracelets hung up on the public roads were untouched by the finger of rapine. One of Solon's laws was, Take not up what you laid not down. How easy to act by this principle in case of finding lost property: "This is not mine, and it would be criminal to convert it to my use unless the owner be dead and his family extinct." When all due inquiry is made, if no owner can be found, the lost property may be legally considered to be the property of the finder.

Versículo 5

III. All that about which he hath sworn falsely - This supposes the case of a man who, being convicted…

All that about which he hath sworn falsely - This supposes the case of a man who, being convicted by his own conscience, comes forward and confesses his sin. Restore it in the principal - The property itself if still remaining, or the full value of it, to which a fifth part more was to be added.

Versículo 6

IV. With thy estimation - See Clarke's note on Lev 5:15.

With thy estimation - See Clarke's note on Lev 5:15.

Versículo 8

V. And the Lord spake unto Moses - At this verse the Jews begin the 25th section of the law; and her…

And the Lord spake unto Moses - At this verse the Jews begin the 25th section of the law; and here, undoubtedly, the 6th chapter should commence, as the writer enters upon a new subject, and the preceding verses belong to the fifth chapter. The best edited Hebrew Bibles begin the 6th chapter at this verse.

Versículo 9

VI. This is the law of the burnt-offering - This law properly refers to that burnt-offering which was…

This is the law of the burnt-offering - This law properly refers to that burnt-offering which was daily made in what was termed the morning and evening sacrifice; and as he had explained the nature of this burnt-offering in general, with its necessary ceremonies, as far as the persons who brought them were concerned, he now takes up the same in relation to the priests who were to receive them from the hands of the offerer, and present them to the Lord on the altar of burnt-offerings. Because of the burning upon the altar all night - If the burnt-offering were put all upon the fire at once, it could not be burning all night. We may therefore reasonably conclude that the priests sat up by turns the whole night, and fed the fire with portions of this offering till the whole was consumed, which they would take care to lengthen out till the time of the morning sacrifice. The same we may suppose was done with the morning sacrifice; it was also consumed by piecemeal through the whole day, till the time of offering the evening sacrifice. Thus there was a continual offering by fire unto the Lord; and hence in Lev 6:13 it is said: The fire shall ever be burning upon the altar, it shall never go out. If at any time any extraordinary offerings were to be made, the daily sacrifice was consumed more speedily, in order to make room for such extra offerings. See more on this subject in Clarke's note on Lev 6:23 (note). The Hebrew doctors teach that no sacrifice was ever offered in the morning before the morning sacrifice; and none, the passover excepted, ever offered in the evening after the evening sacrifice; for all sacrifices were made by day-light. The fat seems to have been chiefly burned in the night season, for the greater light and convenience of keeping the fire alive, which could not be so easily done in the night as in the day time.

Versículo 11

VII. And put on other garments - The priests approached the altar in their holiest garments; when carr…

And put on other garments - The priests approached the altar in their holiest garments; when carrying the ashes, etc., from the altar, they put on other garments, the holy garments being only used in the holy place. Clean place - A place where no dead carcasses, dung, or filth of any kind was laid; for the ashes were holy, as being the remains of the offerings made by fire unto the Lord.

Versículo 13

VIII. The fire shall ever be burning - See on Lev 6:9 (note) and Lev 6:20 (note). In imitation of this …

The fire shall ever be burning - See on Lev 6:9 (note) and Lev 6:20 (note). In imitation of this perpetual fire, the ancient Persian Magi, and their descendants the Parses, kept up a perpetual fire; the latter continue it to the present day. This is strictly enjoined in the Zend Avesta, which is a code of laws as sacred among them as the Pentateuch is among the Jews. A Sagnika Brahmin preserves the fire that was kindled at his investiture with the poita, and never suffers it to go out, using the same fire at his wedding and in all his burnt-offerings, till at length his body is burnt with it - Ward's Customs.

Versículo 14

IX. The meat-offering - See Clarke on Lev 2:1 (note), etc.

The meat-offering - See Clarke on Lev 2:1 (note), etc.

Versículo 15

X. His handful of the flour - An omer of flour, which was the tenth part of an ephah, and equal to a…

His handful of the flour - An omer of flour, which was the tenth part of an ephah, and equal to about three quarts of our measure, was the least quantity that could be offered even by the poorest sort, and this was generally accompanied with a log of oil, which was a little more than half a pint. This quantity both of flour and oil might be increased at pleasure, but no less could be offered.

Versículo 20

XI. In the day when he is anointed - Not only in that day, but from that day forward, for this was to…

In the day when he is anointed - Not only in that day, but from that day forward, for this was to them and their successors a statute for ever. See Lev 6:22.

Versículo 23

XII. For every meat-offering for the priest shall be wholly burnt - Whatever the priest offered was wh…

For every meat-offering for the priest shall be wholly burnt - Whatever the priest offered was wholly the Lord's, and therefore must be entirely consumed: the sacrifices of the common people were offered to the Lord, but the priests partook of them; and thus they who ministered at the altar were fed by the altar. Had the priests been permitted to live on their own offerings as they did on those of the people, it would have been as if they had offered nothing, as they would have taken again to themselves what they appeared to give unto the Lord. Theodoret says that this marked "the high perfection which God required in the ministers of his sanctuary," as his not eating of his own sin-offering supposes him to stand free from all sin; but a better reason is given by Mr. Ainsworth: "The people's meat-offering was eaten by the priests that made atonement for them, Lev 6:15, Lev 6:16, Lev 7:7; but because no priest, being a sinner, could make atonement for himself, therefore his meat-offering might not be eaten, but all burnt on the altar, to teach him to expect salvation, not by his legal service or works, but by Christ; for the eating of the sin-offering figured the bearing of the sinner's iniquity;" Lev 10:17.

Versículo 25

XIII. In the place where the burnt-offering is killed, etc. - The place here referred to was the north …

In the place where the burnt-offering is killed, etc. - The place here referred to was the north side of the altar. See Lev 1:11.

Versículo 26

XIV. The priest - shall eat it - From the expostulation of Moses with Aaron, Lev 10:17, we learn that …

The priest - shall eat it - From the expostulation of Moses with Aaron, Lev 10:17, we learn that the priest, by eating the sin-offering of the people, was considered as bearing their sin, and typically removing it from them: and besides, this was a part of their maintenance, or what the Scripture calls their inheritance; see Eze 44:27-30. This was afterwards greatly abused; for improper persons endeavored to get into the priest's office merely that they might get a secular provision, which is a horrible profanity in the sight of God. See Sa1 2:36; Jer 23:12; Eze 34:2-4; and Hos 4:8.

Versículo 27

XV. Whatsoever shall touch the flesh thereof shall be holy - The following note of Mr. Ainsworth is n…

Whatsoever shall touch the flesh thereof shall be holy - The following note of Mr. Ainsworth is not less judicious than it is pious: - "All this rite was peculiar to the sin-offering, (whether it were that which was to be eaten, or that which was to be burnt), above all the other most holy things. As the sin-offering in special sort figured Christ, who was made sin for us, (Co2 5:21), so this ordinance for all that touched the flesh of the sin-offering to be holy, the garments sprinkled with the blood to be washed, the vessels wherein the flesh was boiled to be broken, or scoured and rinsed - taught a holy use of this mystery of our redemption, whereof they that are made partakers ought to be washed, cleansed, and sanctified by the Spirit of God; that we possess our vessels in holiness and honor, and yield not our members as instruments of unrighteousness unto sin," Th1 4:4; Rom 6:13.

Versículo 28

16. The earthen vessel - shall be broken - Calmet states that this should be considered as implying t…

The earthen vessel - shall be broken - Calmet states that this should be considered as implying the vessels brought by individuals to the court of the temple or tabernacle, and not of the vessels that belonged to the priests for the ordinary service. That the people dressed their sacrifices sometimes in the court of the tabernacle, he gathers from Sa1 2:13, Sa1 2:14, to which the reader is desired to refer. In addition to what has been already said on the different subjects in this chapter, it may be necessary to notice a few more particulars. The perpetual meat-offering, מנחה תמיד minchah tamid, Lev 6:20, the perpetual fire, אש תמיד esh tamid, Lev 6:13, and the perpetual burnt-offering, עלת תמיד olath tamid, Exo 29:42, translated by the Septuagint θυσια διαπαντος, πυο διαπαντος, and ὁλοκαυτωσις and ὁλοκαυτωμα διαπαντος, all cast much light on Heb 7:25, where it is said, Christ is able to save them to the uttermost (εις το παντελες, perpetually, to all intents and purposes) that come unto God by him; seeing he ever liveth (παντοτε ζων, he is perpetually living) to make intercession for them; in which words there is a manifest allusion to the perpetual minchah, the perpetual fire, and the perpetual burnt-offering, mentioned here by Moses. As the minchah, or gratitude-offering should be perpetual, so our gratitude for the innumerable mercies of God should be perpetual. As the burnt-offering must be perpetual, so should the sacrifice of our blessed Lord be considered as a perpetual offering, that all men, in all ages, should come unto God through him who is ever living, in his sacrificial character, to make intercession for men; and who is therefore represented even in the heavens as the Lamb just slain, standing before the throne, Rev 5:6; Heb 10:19-22. And as the fire on the altar must be perpetual, so should the influences of the Holy Spirit in every member of the Church, and the flame of pure devotion in the hearts of believers, be ever energetic and permanent. A continual sacrifice for continual successive generations of sinners was essentially necessary. Continual influences of the Holy Spirit on the souls of men were essentially necessary to apply and render effectual this atonement, to the salvation of the soul. And incessant gratitude for the ineffable love of God, manifested by his unspeakable gift, is surely required of all those who have tasted that the Lord is gracious. Reader, dost thou feel thy obligations to thy Maker? Does the perpetual fire burn on the altar of thy heart? Art thou ever looking unto Jesus, and beholding, by faith, the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world? And dost thou feel the influences of his Spirit, at all times witnessing with thy spirit that thou art his child, and exciting thee to acts of gratitude and obedience? If not, of what benefit has the religion of Christ been to thee to the present day? Of a contrary state to that referred to above, it may be well said, This is not the way to heaven, for the way of life is above to the wise, that they may depart from the snares of death beneath. Arise, therefore, and shake thyself from the dust; and earnestly call upon the Lord thy God, that he may save thy soul, and that thou fall not into the bitter pains of an eternal death.

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Versículo 28