Antiguo Testamento

Leviticus — Capítulo 22

Of the uncleanness of the priests, by which they were prevented from ministering in holy things, Lev 22:1-5. How they should be cleansed, Lev 22:6, Lev 22:7. The priest must not eat of any animal that had died of itse…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Habló Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

2Di a Aarón y a sus hijos que se abstengan de las cosas santas que los hijos de Israel me han dedicado, y no profanen mi santo nombre. Yo Jehová.

3Diles: Todo varón de toda vuestra descendencia en vuestras generaciones, que se acercare a las cosas sagradas que los hijos de Israel consagran a Jehová, teniendo inmundicia sobre sí, será cortado de mi presencia. Yo Jehová.

4Cualquier varón de la descendencia de Aarón que fuere leproso, o padeciere flujo, no comerá de las cosas sagradas hasta que esté limpio. El que tocare cualquiera cosa de cadáveres, o el varón que hubiere tenido derramamiento de semen,

5o el varón que hubiere tocado cualquier reptil por el cual será inmundo, u hombre por el cual venga a ser inmundo, conforme a cualquiera inmundicia suya;

6la persona que lo tocare será inmunda hasta la noche, y no comerá de las cosas sagradas antes que haya lavado su cuerpo con agua.

7Cuando el sol se pusiere, será limpio; y después podrá comer las cosas sagradas, porque su alimento es.

8Mortecino ni despedazado por fiera no comerá, contaminándose en ello. Yo Jehová.

9Guarden, pues, mi ordenanza, para que no lleven pecado por ello, no sea que así mueran cuando la profanen. Yo Jehová que los santifico.

10Ningún extraño comerá cosa sagrada; el huésped del sacerdote, y el jornalero, no comerán cosa sagrada.

11Mas cuando el sacerdote comprare algún esclavo por dinero, este podrá comer de ella, así como también el nacido en su casa podrá comer de su alimento.

12La hija del sacerdote, si se casare con varón extraño, no comerá de la ofrenda de las cosas sagradas.

13Pero si la hija del sacerdote fuere viuda o repudiada, y no tuviere prole y se hubiere vuelto a la casa de su padre, como en su juventud, podrá comer del alimento de su padre; pero ningún extraño coma de él.

14Y el que por yerro comiere cosa sagrada, añadirá a ella una quinta parte, y la dará al sacerdote con la cosa sagrada.

15No profanarán, pues, las cosas santas de los hijos de Israel, las cuales apartan para Jehová;

16pues les harían llevar la iniquidad del pecado, comiendo las cosas santas de ellos; porque yo Jehová soy el que los santifico.

17También habló Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

18Habla a Aarón y a sus hijos, y a todos los hijos de Israel, y diles: Cualquier varón de la casa de Israel, o de los extranjeros en Israel, que ofreciere su ofrenda en pago de sus votos, o como ofrendas voluntarias ofrecidas en holocausto a Jehová,

19para que sea aceptado, ofreceréis macho sin defecto de entre el ganado vacuno, de entre los corderos, o de entre las cabras.

20Ninguna cosa en que haya defecto ofreceréis, porque no será acepto por vosotros.

21Asimismo, cuando alguno ofreciere sacrificio en ofrenda de paz a Jehová para cumplir un voto, o como ofrenda voluntaria, sea de vacas o de ovejas, para que sea aceptado será sin defecto.

22Ciego, perniquebrado, mutilado, verrugoso, sarnoso o roñoso, no ofreceréis estos a Jehová, ni de ellos pondréis ofrenda encendida sobre el altar de Jehová.

23Buey o carnero que tenga de más o de menos, podrás ofrecer por ofrenda voluntaria; pero en pago de voto no será acepto.

24No ofreceréis a Jehová animal con testículos heridos o magullados, rasgados o cortados, ni en vuestra tierra lo ofreceréis.

25Ni de mano de extranjeros tomarás estos animales para ofrecerlos como el pan de vuestro Dios, porque su corrupción está en ellos; hay en ellos defecto, no se os aceptarán.

26Y habló Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

27El becerro o el cordero o la cabra, cuando naciere, siete días estará mamando de su madre; mas desde el octavo día en adelante será acepto para ofrenda de sacrificio encendido a Jehová.

28Y sea vaca u oveja, no degollaréis en un mismo día a ella y a su hijo.

29Y cuando ofreciereis sacrificio de acción de gracias a Jehová, lo sacrificaréis de manera que sea aceptable.

30En el mismo día se comerá; no dejaréis de él para otro día. Yo Jehová.

31Guardad, pues, mis mandamientos, y cumplidlos. Yo Jehová.

32Y no profanéis mi santo nombre, para que yo sea santificado en medio de los hijos de Israel. Yo Jehová que os santifico,

33que os saqué de la tierra de Egipto, para ser vuestro Dios. Yo Jehová.

ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 2

I. Speak unto Aaron and to his sons, that they separate themselves - The same subject is continued i…

Speak unto Aaron and to his sons, that they separate themselves - The same subject is continued in this chapter as in the preceding, with this addition, that besides the perfection of the priests, it was indispensably necessary that the sacrifices also should be perfect. In the service of God, according to the law, neither an imperfect offering nor an imperfect offerer could be admitted. What need then of a mediator between a holy God and sinful men! And can we expect that any of our services, however sincere and well-intentioned, can be accepted, unless offered on that living Altar that sanctifies the gift?

Versículo 4

II. Is a leper, or hath a running issue - See the case of the leper treated at large in the notes on …

Is a leper, or hath a running issue - See the case of the leper treated at large in the notes on Leviticus 13 (note) and Leviticus 14 (note); and for other uncleannesses, see the notes on Leviticus 15 (note).

Versículo 10

III. There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing - For the meaning of the word stranger, see the not…

There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing - For the meaning of the word stranger, see the note on Exo 12:43. The Jews suppose that stranger here means one who has had his ear pierced, (see the note on Exo 21:6), and that sojourner means a servant who is to go free on the Sabbatical year. Neither of these was permitted to eat of the holy things, because they were not properly members of the priest's family, and might go out and defile themselves even with the abominations of the heathen; but the servant or slave that was bought with money, Lev 22:11, might eat of these things, because he was the property of the master for ever. We see that it was lawful, under the Mosaic economy, to have slaves under certain restrictions; but these were taken from among the heathen, and instructed in the true religion: hence we find, as in the above case, that they were reckoned as a part of the priest's own family, and treated as such. They certainly had privileges which did not extend either to sojourners or to hired servants; therefore their situation was incomparably better than the situation of the slaves under different European governments, of whose souls their pitiless possessors in general take no care, while they themselves venture to profess the Christian religion, and quote the Mosaic law in vindication of their system of slavery. How preposterous is such conduct! and how intolerable!

Versículo 13

IV. But if the priest's daughter be a widow - and is returned unto her father's house - A widow in Be…

But if the priest's daughter be a widow - and is returned unto her father's house - A widow in Bengal not infrequently returns to her father's house on the death of her husband: the union betwixt her and her own family is never so dissolved as among European nations. Thousands of widows in Bengal, whose husbands die before the consummation of marriage, never leave their parents - Ward.

Versículo 14

V. Then he shall put the fifth part thereof unto it - The holy thing of which he has unknowingly eat…

Then he shall put the fifth part thereof unto it - The holy thing of which he has unknowingly eaten shall be fairly valued, and to this value he shall add one fifth more, and give the whole to the priest.

Versículo 20

VI. Whatsoever hath a blemish - The same perfection is required in the sacrifice that was required in…

Whatsoever hath a blemish - The same perfection is required in the sacrifice that was required in the priest; see on Lev 22:2 (note), and the notes on Leviticus 21 (note).

Versículo 23

VII. That hath anything superfluous or lacking - The term שרוע sarua signifies any thing extended beyo…

That hath anything superfluous or lacking - The term שרוע sarua signifies any thing extended beyond the usual size, and the term קלוט kalut signifies any thing unusually contracted; and both mean any monstrosity, whether in redundance or defect. Such things, it seems, might be offered for a freewill-offering, because that was not prescribed by the law; God left it to a man's piety and gratitude to offer such additional gifts as he could: what the law required was indispensably necessary, because it pointed out the Gospel economy; but he that made a vow to offer such a sacrifice as the law had not required, could of course bring an imperfect offering. Some contend that the last clause of this verse should be thus read: If thou offer it either for a freewill-offering, or for a vow, it shall not be accepted. It was the opinion of the Jews, and it appears to be correct, that none of these imperfect animals were ever offered on the altar; but the person who made the freewill-offering of such things as he had, sold the animal, and gave its price for the support of the sanctuary.

Versículo 24

VIII. Bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut - That is, no bullock or lamb that is injured in any of th…

Bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut - That is, no bullock or lamb that is injured in any of the above ways, shall be offered unto the Lord.

Versículo 25

IX. Their corruption is in them - Viz., they are bruised, crushed, broken, etc.

Their corruption is in them - Viz., they are bruised, crushed, broken, etc.

Versículo 27

X. When a bullock - is brought forth - This is a most unfortunate as well as absurd translation. The…

When a bullock - is brought forth - This is a most unfortunate as well as absurd translation. The creature called an ox is a bull castrated; surely then a bullock was never yet brought forth! The original word שור shor signifies a bull, a bullock, or indeed any thing of the neat kind: here, even common sense required that it should be translated calf; and did I not hold myself sacredly bound to print the text of the common version with scrupulous exactness, I should translate the former clause of this verse thus, and so enter it into the text: When a Calf, or a Lamb, or a Kid is brought forth, instead of, When a bullock, a sheep, or a goat is brought forth, the absurdity of which is glaring. Seven days under the dam - In vindication of the propriety of this precept it may be justly asserted, that the flesh of very young animals is comparatively innutritive, and that animal food is not sufficiently nourishing and wholesome till the animal has arrived at a certain growth, or acquired the perfection of its nature. There is something brutish in eating the young of beast or fowl before the hair and hoofs are perfect in the one, and the feathers and claws in the other. Before this period their flesh is not good for food. See the note on Lev 9:1.

Versículo 28

XI. Ye shall not kill it and her young in one day - This precept was certainly intended to inculcate …

Ye shall not kill it and her young in one day - This precept was certainly intended to inculcate mercy and tenderness of heart; and so the Jews understood it. When it is necessary to take away the lives of innocent animals for the support of our own, we should do it in such a way as not to blunt our moral feelings; and deplore the necessity, while we feel an express gratitude to God for permission, to do it.

Versículo 30

XII. Leave none of it until the morrow - See the note on Lev 7:15.

Leave none of it until the morrow - See the note on Lev 7:15.

Versículo 32

XIII. Neither shall ye profane my holy name - God's name is profaned or rendered common when we treat h…

Neither shall ye profane my holy name - God's name is profaned or rendered common when we treat his commands as we often do those of our fellows, when they do not appear to have self-interest to recommend them. He therefore profanes God's holy name who does not both implicitly believe and conscientiously obey all his words and all his precepts. I will be hallowed among the children of Israel - The words children of Israel, בני ישראל beney Yishrael, which so frequently occur, should be translated either the descendants or posterity of Israel, or the people of Israel. The word children has a tendency to beget a false notion, especially in the minds of young people, and lead them to think that children, in the proper sense of the word, i. e., little ones, are meant.

Versículo 33

XIV. Brought you out of the land of Egypt - By such a series of miraculous interferences, to be your G…

Brought you out of the land of Egypt - By such a series of miraculous interferences, to be your God - to save you from all idolatry, false and superstitious worship, teach you the right way, lead and support you in it, and preserve you to my eternal kingdom and glory. God, infinite in his own perfections, has no need of his creatures; but they need him; and, as a source of endless felicity, he opens himself to all his intelligent offspring.

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