Antiguo Testamento

Nahum — Capítulo 3

No one likes being in the path of imminent disaster, nor is the menacing threat of enemy invasion a pleasant thought. Can God protect in such circumstances? Will God judge wicked aggressors? Nahum’s reply is a clear yes. Nahum’s prophecy assures us that God still controls earth’s history. His messages are a warning to oppressors and a comfort to the oppressed. Setting In Nahum’s time, the kingd…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1¡Ay de ti, ciudad sanguinaria, toda llena de mentira y de rapiña, sin apartarte del pillaje!

2Chasquido de látigo, y fragor de ruedas, caballo atropellador, y carro que salta;

3jinete enhiesto, y resplandor de espada, y resplandor de lanza; y multitud de muertos, y multitud de cadáveres; cadáveres sin fin, y en sus cadáveres tropezarán,

4a causa de la multitud de las fornicaciones de la ramera de hermosa gracia, maestra en hechizos, que seduce a las naciones con sus fornicaciones, y a los pueblos con sus hechizos.

5Heme aquí contra ti, dice Jehová de los ejércitos, y descubriré tus faldas en tu rostro, y mostraré a las naciones tu desnudez, y a los reinos tu vergüenza.

6Y echaré sobre ti inmundicias, y te afrentaré, y te pondré como estiércol.

7Todos los que te vieren se apartarán de ti, y dirán: Nínive es asolada; ¿quién se compadecerá de ella? ¿Dónde te buscaré consoladores?

8¿Eres tú mejor que Tebas, que estaba asentada junto al Nilo, rodeada de aguas, cuyo baluarte era el mar, y aguas por muro?

9Etiopía era su fortaleza, también Egipto, y eso sin límite; Fut y Libia fueron sus ayudadores.

10Sin embargo ella fue llevada en cautiverio; también sus pequeños fueron estrellados en las encrucijadas de todas las calles, y sobre sus varones echaron suertes, y todos sus grandes fueron aprisionados con grillos.

11Tú también serás embriagada, y serás encerrada; tú también buscarás refugio a causa del enemigo.

12Todas tus fortalezas serán cual higueras con brevas, que si las sacuden, caen en la boca del que las ha de comer.

13He aquí, tu pueblo será como mujeres en medio de ti; las puertas de tu tierra se abrirán de par en par a tus enemigos; fuego consumirá tus cerrojos.

14Provéete de agua para el asedio, refuerza tus fortalezas; entra en el lodo, pisa el barro, refuerza el horno.

15Allí te consumirá el fuego, te talará la espada, te devorará como pulgón; multiplícate como langosta, multiplícate como el langostón.

16Multiplicaste tus mercaderes más que las estrellas del cielo; la langosta hizo presa, y voló.

17Tus príncipes serán como langostas, y tus grandes como nubes de langostas que se sientan en vallados en día de frío; salido el sol se van, y no se conoce el lugar donde están.

18Durmieron tus pastores, oh rey de Asiria, reposaron tus valientes; tu pueblo se derramó por los montes, y no hay quien lo junte.

19No hay medicina para tu quebradura; tu herida es incurable; todos los que oigan tu fama batirán las manos sobre ti, porque ¿sobre quién no pasó continuamente tu maldad?

TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES

Versículo 1

I. 3:1 city of murder: The Assyrians’ graphic cruelty is well documented. Their practices included c…

3:1 city of murder: The Assyrians’ graphic cruelty is well documented. Their practices included cutting off external body parts—such as noses, ears, hands, and feet—and execution by impalement on stakes. They heaped up severed heads before the gates of besieged cities. The eyes of victims might also be put out and their skin stripped from their bodies while they were still alive.

Versículo 2

II. 3:2-3 These short, staccato phrases dramatize the effects of seeing and hearing the battle. • Ass…

3:2-3 These short, staccato phrases dramatize the effects of seeing and hearing the battle. • Assyrian chariots and charioteers were feared far and wide.

Versículo 4

III. 3:4 mistress of deadly charms: The Assyrians charmed other nations with wealth and promises of sa…

3:4 mistress of deadly charms: The Assyrians charmed other nations with wealth and promises of safety and prosperity but then victimized them through military might and economic exploitation. Therefore, their punishment was a just recompense for their deeds (see Prov 24:12; Joel 3:4-8; Rev 18:6; 20:12).

Versículo 5

IV. 3:5 Twice God tells Nineveh, I am your enemy (also 2:13). Nineveh’s judgment stands as a historic…

3:5 Twice God tells Nineveh, I am your enemy (also 2:13). Nineveh’s judgment stands as a historical reminder that the Lord abhors sin and will deal with people and nations according to their deeds (Pss 9:7-8; 62:12; Jer 46:28; Acts 17:31). One day, God’s justice will fall worldwide on those who have rebelled against him (Rev 17–19).

Versículo 8

V. 3:8 Thebes, the historic capital of Egypt, was situated on both sides of the Nile in Upper Egypt.…

3:8 Thebes, the historic capital of Egypt, was situated on both sides of the Nile in Upper Egypt. It achieved its greatest fame as the political, religious, and cultural center of Egypt’s great New Kingdom (1550–1069 BC). Though no longer Egypt’s capital in the 600s BC, the city was still a thriving metropolis.

Versículo 9

VI. 3:9-10 Thebes fell to the Assyrians under King Ashurbanipal in 663 BC. Before Ashurbanipal’s vict…

3:9-10 Thebes fell to the Assyrians under King Ashurbanipal in 663 BC. Before Ashurbanipal’s victory, Thebes had seemed to have unconquerable defenses, as well as the help of all Egypt and its allies: Ethiopia, Put (perhaps the fabled land of Punt, located near what is now coastal Somalia), and Libya. None of these, however, had effectively protected Thebes. • babies were dashed to death: Ancient conquerors had the heinous practice of exterminating the infants of their enemies in this way (2 Kgs 8:12; Ps 137:9; Isa 13:16, 18). • Soldiers threw dice for the spoils of war, while the leaders of the conquered people were bound in chains (see 2 Kgs 25:7; Jer 40:1, 4; Joel 3:3; Obad 1:11).

Versículo 12

VII. 3:12 ripe figs: Cp. Amos 8:1-2; Rev 6:13.

3:12 ripe figs: Cp. Amos 8:1-2; Rev 6:13.

Versículo 14

VIII. 3:14 Get ready . . . Strengthen: Nahum used sarcasm to stress that no amount of preparation would…

3:14 Get ready . . . Strengthen: Nahum used sarcasm to stress that no amount of preparation would make the Assyrians able to withstand God’s wrath (note also the sarcastic tone of 2:11-13).

Versículo 15

IX. 3:15 The Old Testament often uses locusts as a metaphor for armies (see Joel 2:1-11).

3:15 The Old Testament often uses locusts as a metaphor for armies (see Joel 2:1-11).

Versículo 16

X. 3:16 Assyrian merchants had spread throughout the Near East like locusts, filling Nineveh with un…

3:16 Assyrian merchants had spread throughout the Near East like locusts, filling Nineveh with untold wealth. But just as locusts desire only to satisfy their insatiable appetites and then fly off, the merchants would take their goods and go in the time of Nineveh’s distress, leaving a needy populace behind.

Versículo 18

XI. 3:18 shepherds: With the leaders gone, Nineveh’s people would be scattered like sheep. • lie dead…

3:18 shepherds: With the leaders gone, Nineveh’s people would be scattered like sheep. • lie dead (literally sleep; see John 11:11-14): Assyria’s leaders, asleep during Nineveh’s crisis, would sleep in death. By contrast, Israel’s Shepherd does not slumber (Ps 121:3), and he will gather Israel’s lost sheep (Jer 23:3; Ezek 36:35).

Versículo 19

XII. 3:19 Nineveh deserved destruction rather than healing. Although God had been patient with Nineveh…

3:19 Nineveh deserved destruction rather than healing. Although God had been patient with Nineveh in Jonah’s day (Jon 3:10), the Assyrians had returned to cruelty and would reap the harvest of their own evil (see Prov 11:16-19; Isa 66:5-6; Hos 8:7). Those who had suffered under Assyria’s cruelty would welcome this message with joy.

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Nahum — Capítulo 3