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Matthew — Capítulo 4

Matthew demonstrates that Jesus of Nazareth is the long-awaited Messiah, the king of Israel, who fulfills the Old Testament promises yet turns the expectation of his contemporaries on its head. The Gospel of Matthew shows how both Jewish and non-Jewish people fit together in God’s unfolding Kingdom. It challenges the reader to live with total commitment to Jesus Christ as king. Setting Matthew …

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Entonces Jesús fue llevado por el Espíritu al desierto, para ser tentado por el diablo.

2Y después de haber ayunado cuarenta días y cuarenta noches, tuvo hambre.

3Y vino a él el tentador, y le dijo: Si eres Hijo de Dios, di que estas piedras se conviertan en pan.

4Él respondió y dijo: Escrito está: No solo de pan vivirá el hombre, sino de toda palabra que sale de la boca de Dios.

5Entonces el diablo le llevó a la santa ciudad, y le puso sobre el pináculo del templo,

6y le dijo: Si eres Hijo de Dios, échate abajo; porque escrito está: A sus ángeles mandará acerca de ti, y, En sus manos te sostendrán, Para que no tropieces con tu pie en piedra.

7Jesús le dijo: Escrito está también: No tentarás al Señor tu Dios.

8Otra vez le llevó el diablo a un monte muy alto, y le mostró todos los reinos del mundo y la gloria de ellos,

9y le dijo: Todo esto te daré, si postrado me adorares.

10Entonces Jesús le dijo: Vete, Satanás, porque escrito está: Al Señor tu Dios adorarás, y a él sólo servirás.

11El diablo entonces le dejó; y he aquí vinieron ángeles y le servían.

12Cuando Jesús oyó que Juan estaba preso, volvió a Galilea;

13y dejando a Nazaret, vino y habitó en Capernaum, ciudad marítima, en la región de Zabulón y de Neftalí,

14para que se cumpliese lo dicho por el profeta Isaías, cuando dijo:

15Tierra de Zabulón y tierra de Neftalí, Camino del mar, al otro lado del Jordán, Galilea de los gentiles;

16El pueblo asentado en tinieblas vio gran luz; Y a los asentados en región de sombra de muerte, Luz les resplandeció.

17Desde entonces comenzó Jesús a predicar, y a decir: Arrepentíos, porque el reino de los cielos se ha acercado.

18Andando Jesús junto al mar de Galilea, vio a dos hermanos, Simón, llamado Pedro, y Andrés su hermano, que echaban la red en el mar; porque eran pescadores.

19Y les dijo: Venid en pos de mí, y os haré pescadores de hombres.

20Ellos entonces, dejando al instante las redes, le siguieron.

21Pasando de allí, vio a otros dos hermanos, Jacobo hijo de Zebedeo, y Juan su hermano, en la barca con Zebedeo su padre, que remendaban sus redes; y los llamó.

22Y ellos, dejando al instante la barca y a su padre, le siguieron.

23Y recorrió Jesús toda Galilea, enseñando en las sinagogas de ellos, y predicando el evangelio del reino, y sanando toda enfermedad y toda dolencia en el pueblo.

24Y se difundió su fama por toda Siria; y le trajeron todos los que tenían dolencias, los afligidos por diversas enfermedades y tormentos, los endemoniados, lunáticos y paralíticos; y los sanó.

25Y le siguió mucha gente de Galilea, de Decápolis, de Jerusalén, de Judea y del otro lado del Jordán.

TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES

Versículo 1

I. 4:1-11 Parallels between Adam and Jesus are obvious in this account of Jesus’ temptation. Jesus i…

4:1-11 Parallels between Adam and Jesus are obvious in this account of Jesus’ temptation. Jesus is the second Adam (see Rom 5:12-19) and the second Israel (Matt 2:15). In contrast to the ancient Israelites, he fulfilled Israel’s history by successfully wandering through the desert without sinning. He proved himself the obedient Son of God by defeating Satan in spiritual combat. And because he underwent temptation himself as a human, Jesus is able to sympathize with the temptations we face (see Heb 2:14-18; 4:15) and help us overcome them as he did (1 Cor 10:13). 4:1 Jesus was led by the Spirit: The temptation was providentially arranged by God as a test of the Messiah’s character (see Deut 8:2). • to be tempted there by the devil: This test of character, initiated by God (who tempts no one; see Jas 1:13-14), was accomplished through the devil’s own desire to lure Jesus into sin.

Versículo 2

II. 4:2 forty days and forty nights (see Exod 24:18; 34:28; 1 Kgs 19:8): Israel was tested in the wil…

4:2 forty days and forty nights (see Exod 24:18; 34:28; 1 Kgs 19:8): Israel was tested in the wilderness for forty years (Exod 16:35; Deut 1:3).

Versículo 3

III. 4:3-4 Jesus refused to use his supernatural power to obtain the food that he trusted God to provi…

4:3-4 Jesus refused to use his supernatural power to obtain the food that he trusted God to provide. Unlike the people of Israel, who sorely tested God through complaint and unbelief (see Exod 16), Jesus refused to question God’s faithfulness. Instead, he trusted God to provide for his true need, the sustenance of every word that comes from the mouth of God.

Versículo 5

IV. 4:5-7 Jesus refused to test God by presuming upon God’s protection.

4:5-7 Jesus refused to test God by presuming upon God’s protection.

Versículo 7

V. 4:7 The Scriptures also say: Countering the devil’s appeal to Scripture, Jesus invoked a deeper s…

4:7 The Scriptures also say: Countering the devil’s appeal to Scripture, Jesus invoked a deeper scriptural principle of honoring God, which the devil ignored.

Versículo 8

VI. 4:8-9 Satan, called the ruler of this world (John 12:31), offered to hand over all the kingdoms o…

4:8-9 Satan, called the ruler of this world (John 12:31), offered to hand over all the kingdoms of the world and their glory to Jesus to keep him from accomplishing the will of his Father. • Glory refers to political power and dominion (e.g., Matt 6:29). Satan’s strategy was to get Jesus to abuse his sonship, thus diverting him from the path of suffering and obedience that climaxed at the cross.

Versículo 11

VII. 4:11 Then the devil went away: Jesus’ rebuff of Satan here foreshadows his victory over demons (1…

4:11 Then the devil went away: Jesus’ rebuff of Satan here foreshadows his victory over demons (12:28), Satan’s defeat through the Cross (Col 2:14-15), and the final victory at the end of history (Rom 16:20; Rev 12:7-17; 20:2-3, 10). • Angels, who had already been involved in the Messiah’s arrival and protection (Matt 1:20, 24; 2:13, 19), now came and took care of Jesus after his temptation, in fulfillment of the Old Testament (4:6; see Ps 91:11-12).

Versículo 12

VIII. 4:12–11:1 Having been announced by John and the Father (3:13-17), and having obediently endured t…

4:12–11:1 Having been announced by John and the Father (3:13-17), and having obediently endured the testing in the wilderness (4:1-11), the Messiah was prepared for his ministry. He first confronted the Galilean Israelites with the message of the Kingdom. 4:12 John had been arrested by Herod Antipas (see 14:1-12). Antipas was tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, where John was probably working at the time. • When Jesus heard . . . he left Judea (near Perea, where John was arrested) and returned to Galilee: Jesus withdrew to avoid martyrdom before finishing his work of revealing the Kingdom. As in Joseph’s flight to Nazareth (2:22-23), an escape from danger can also be God’s providential direction and the fulfillment of prophecy (4:14-16).

Versículo 13

IX. 4:13 Capernaum was in Galilee, a district viewed negatively by the religious establishment in Jud…

4:13 Capernaum was in Galilee, a district viewed negatively by the religious establishment in Judea and Jerusalem (see John 1:46; 7:41-42, 52). Many Judeans considered Galileans to be uncultured, with a lazy command of the language (cp. Matt 26:73), a factor sometimes thought to affect the accuracy of their teachings. Galilee also had a proportionately larger Gentile population than Judea did.

Versículo 17

X. 4:17 Jesus’ message centered on the imminent arrival of the Kingdom of Heaven and the repentance …

4:17 Jesus’ message centered on the imminent arrival of the Kingdom of Heaven and the repentance that it necessitates (see Matt 3:2; 10:7).

Versículo 18

XI. 4:18-22 The call of the first disciples illustrates one of the purposes of Jesus’ ministry: to ca…

4:18-22 The call of the first disciples illustrates one of the purposes of Jesus’ ministry: to call people to follow him in self-denying obedience (cp. 4:17, 23-25). 4:18 Simon, also called Peter, became the leader of the apostles (see 14:28; 15:15; 16:16) and the representative disciple (14:29-30; 16:15-19, 22-23).

Versículo 19

XII. 4:19 Come, follow me: This involved accepting the beliefs and lifestyle of a master as one’s own …

4:19 Come, follow me: This involved accepting the beliefs and lifestyle of a master as one’s own (16:24; Deut 5:33; 1 Kgs 19:19-21). • fish for people: The disciples would participate in the saving and judging work of the Kingdom (see Matt 10:5-15; 13:47-51; Ezek 29:4-5; Amos 4:2).

Versículo 20

XIII. 4:20-22 leaving the boat and their father: Following Jesus as his disciples involved both commitm…

4:20-22 leaving the boat and their father: Following Jesus as his disciples involved both commitment and cost on the part of the brothers (see 8:18-22; 10:38; 16:24; 19:21).

Versículo 23

XIV. 4:23-25 This summary marks the central theme of the section (4:23–9:38): the ministry and message…

4:23-25 This summary marks the central theme of the section (4:23–9:38): the ministry and message of the Messiah. In ancient writings, chapter divisions were unknown; authors would instead begin and end a section with the same expression (called an inclusio; see 9:35). 4:23 The Messiah’s ministry has three main features: teaching, announcing . . . the Kingdom, and healing. • The synagogues were centers for prayer, study, and exposition of Scripture and tradition. They were the social centers of many Jewish villages. The hypocrisy and hostility of the Jewish leaders was evident at the synagogues (6:2, 5; 10:17; 12:9-14; 13:54; 23:6, 34). • Announcing the Good News means presenting the message about the Kingdom of Heaven (9:35; 24:14; 26:13; also Mark 1:1; Rom 1:16). Most often, the message evokes hostility (see Matt 9:32-34; 10:27-28; 13:1-9, 18-23).

Versículo 24

XV. 4:24-25 During Jesus’ day, much of Palestine was in the Roman jurisdiction of Syria (a term that …

4:24-25 During Jesus’ day, much of Palestine was in the Roman jurisdiction of Syria (a term that could refer to the entire eastern shore of the Mediterranean). Matthew mentions Syria to show how widespread the news of Jesus was. • The word translated epileptic refers to epilepsy or demonic oppression. In 17:15, one so described “falls into fire and water,” that is, the boy was unable to control himself. • The Ten Towns was a federation of ten cities, most of which were east of the Jordan and southeast of the Sea of Galilee (Damascus, Raphana, Hippos, Abila [or Canatha], Gadara, Scythopolis, Pella, Dion, Gerasa, and Philadelphia [Amman]). These cities were predominantly Gentile and Hellenistic in culture.

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Matthew — Capítulo 4