Leviticus enabled ancient Israel to live in relationship with a holy God. But now that Christ has come as our High Priest and ultimate sacrifice—thereby fulfilling many of the requirements outlined in Leviticus—what do laws governing ancient Israel’s system of worship, with its priests and animal sacrifices, have to do with us? Leviticus increases our understanding of God’s holiness. And God’s …
2Habla a toda la congregación de los hijos de Israel, y diles: Santos seréis, porque santo soy yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
3Cada uno temerá a su madre y a su padre, y mis días de reposo guardaréis. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
4No os volveréis a los ídolos, ni haréis para vosotros dioses de fundición. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
5Y cuando ofreciereis sacrificio de ofrenda de paz a Jehová, ofrecedlo de tal manera que seáis aceptos.
6Será comido el día que lo ofreciereis, y el día siguiente; y lo que quedare para el tercer día, será quemado en el fuego.
7Y si se comiere el día tercero, será abominación; no será acepto,
8y el que lo comiere llevará su delito, por cuanto profanó lo santo de Jehová; y la tal persona será cortada de su pueblo.
9Cuando siegues la mies de tu tierra, no segarás hasta el último rincón de ella, ni espigarás tu tierra segada.
10Y no rebuscarás tu viña, ni recogerás el fruto caído de tu viña; para el pobre y para el extranjero lo dejarás. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
11No hurtaréis, y no engañaréis ni mentiréis el uno al otro.
12Y no juraréis falsamente por mi nombre, profanando así el nombre de tu Dios. Yo Jehová.
13No oprimirás a tu prójimo, ni le robarás. No retendrás el salario del jornalero en tu casa hasta la mañana.
14No maldecirás al sordo, y delante del ciego no pondrás tropiezo, sino que tendrás temor de tu Dios. Yo Jehová.
15No harás injusticia en el juicio, ni favoreciendo al pobre ni complaciendo al grande; con justicia juzgarás a tu prójimo.
16No andarás chismeando entre tu pueblo. No atentarás contra la vida de tu prójimo. Yo Jehová.
17No aborrecerás a tu hermano en tu corazón; razonarás con tu prójimo, para que no participes de su pecado.
18No te vengarás, ni guardarás rencor a los hijos de tu pueblo, sino amarás a tu prójimo como a ti mismo. Yo Jehová.
19Mis estatutos guardarás. No harás ayuntar tu ganado con animales de otra especie; tu campo no sembrarás con mezcla de semillas, y no te pondrás vestidos con mezcla de hilos.
20Si un hombre yaciere con una mujer que fuere sierva desposada con alguno, y no estuviere rescatada, ni le hubiere sido dada libertad, ambos serán azotados; no morirán, por cuanto ella no es libre.
21Y él traerá a Jehová, a la puerta del tabernáculo de reunión, un carnero en expiación por su culpa.
22Y con el carnero de la expiación lo reconciliará el sacerdote delante de Jehová, por su pecado que cometió; y se le perdonará su pecado que ha cometido.
23Y cuando entréis en la tierra, y plantéis toda clase de árboles frutales, consideraréis como incircunciso lo primero de su fruto; tres años os será incircunciso; su fruto no se comerá.
24Y el cuarto año todo su fruto será consagrado en alabanzas a Jehová.
25Mas al quinto año comeréis el fruto de él, para que os haga crecer su fruto. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
26No comeréis cosa alguna con sangre. No seréis agoreros, ni adivinos.
27No haréis tonsura en vuestras cabezas, ni dañaréis la punta de vuestra barba.
28Y no haréis rasguños en vuestro cuerpo por un muerto, ni imprimiréis en vosotros señal alguna. Yo Jehová.
29No contaminarás a tu hija haciéndola fornicar, para que no se prostituya la tierra y se llene de maldad.
30Mis días de reposo guardaréis, y mi santuario tendréis en reverencia. Yo Jehová.
31No os volváis a los encantadores ni a los adivinos; no los consultéis, contaminándoos con ellos. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
32Delante de las canas te levantarás, y honrarás el rostro del anciano, y de tu Dios tendrás temor. Yo Jehová.
33Cuando el extranjero morare con vosotros en vuestra tierra, no le oprimiréis.
34Como a un natural de vosotros tendréis al extranjero que more entre vosotros, y lo amarás como a ti mismo; porque extranjeros fuisteis en la tierra de Egipto. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
35No hagáis injusticia en juicio, en medida de tierra, en peso ni en otra medida.
36Balanzas justas, pesas justas y medidas justas tendréis. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios, que os saqué de la tierra de Egipto.
37Guardad, pues, todos mis estatutos y todas mis ordenanzas, y ponedlos por obra. Yo Jehová.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
I
Versículo 2
I. 19:2 be holy: See study note on 11:44-45.
19:2 be holy: See study note on 11:44-45.
II
Versículo 3
II. 19:3 I am the Lord (see 18:2): These words break ch 19 into terse, staccato sections (19:3, 4, 10…
19:3 I am the Lord (see 18:2): These words break ch 19 into terse, staccato sections (19:3, 4, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 25, 28, 30, 31, 34, 36, 37). Each use served to remind Israel why they were to obey God’s regulations.
III
Versículo 9
III. 19:9-10 do not harvest. . . . Leave them for the poor: Israel’s covenant with God included a soci…
19:9-10 do not harvest. . . . Leave them for the poor: Israel’s covenant with God included a social structure that created a leveling effect and resisted social divisions. Families were required to provide for family members who faced difficulties. Widows and orphans (Exod 22:22), the poor, and foreigners (Lev 19:10) were considered members of Israel’s extended family. The poor were not only given special consideration in the offering system (5:7-13), but positive steps were taken to make sure they had food to eat.
IV
Versículo 11
IV. 19:11 A society that did not respect the property of others would quickly fall apart internally. …
19:11 A society that did not respect the property of others would quickly fall apart internally. To steal was prohibited (Exod 20:15), and those who would deceive or cheat were required to present a guilt offering (see Lev 6:2-7).
V
Versículo 12
V. 19:12 To bring shame on the name means to blaspheme (see study note on 18:21).
19:12 To bring shame on the name means to blaspheme (see study note on 18:21).
VI
Versículo 13
VI. 19:13 Day laborers had no land and were a part of Israel’s lowest economic ranks. These hired wor…
19:13 Day laborers had no land and were a part of Israel’s lowest economic ranks. These hired workers depended on landowners for their livelihood. A hired man needed to receive his wages promptly so that he could feed his family (Deut 24:15); to withhold the wages of such a worker was to cheat him.
VII
Versículo 14
VII. 19:14 The deaf and blind were helpless people, easy to belittle and exploit. The Israelites were …
19:14 The deaf and blind were helpless people, easy to belittle and exploit. The Israelites were not to take advantage of them.
VIII
Versículo 15
VIII. 19:15 Neither the poor nor the rich were to be favored in a legal case. Justice was the priority …
19:15 Neither the poor nor the rich were to be favored in a legal case. Justice was the priority at all times (see Exod 23:3, 6).
IX
Versículo 16
IX. 19:16 Do not spread slanderous gossip: The image here is of a merchant who trades and sells harmf…
19:16 Do not spread slanderous gossip: The image here is of a merchant who trades and sells harmful rumors and accusations. This practice would quickly erode and undermine the sense of community so valued in Israel (cp. Prov 11:13; 16:28; 20:19; 26:20; 2 Cor 12:20).
X
Versículo 17
X. 19:17 for any of your relatives: The Hebrew term can refer to any fellow Israelite; all Israel wa…
19:17 for any of your relatives: The Hebrew term can refer to any fellow Israelite; all Israel was considered one family (cp. 1 Jn 3:15). • Confront people directly: Love does not mean closing one’s eyes to wrong; reproof can help a person change.
XI
Versículo 18
XI. 19:18 love your neighbor as yourself: This is the cornerstone for biblical ethics in both the Old…
19:18 love your neighbor as yourself: This is the cornerstone for biblical ethics in both the Old Testament and the New Testament (see Matt 22:39; Mark 12:31; Luke 10:27; Rom 13:8-9; Gal 5:14; Jas 2:8). It includes foreigners (Lev 19:34; cp. Luke 10:30-37). Conversely, hate leads to a grudge that can bear violent fruit (see 1 Jn 2:10-11; 4:20).
XII
Versículo 19
XII. 19:19 two different kinds: God created a natural order (Gen 1:31; see Lev 18:22), and it is viola…
19:19 two different kinds: God created a natural order (Gen 1:31; see Lev 18:22), and it is violated when God’s boundaries are crossed. The prohibitions against intermixing were also object lessons for the Israelites, who were not to intermarry with the Canaanites.
XIII
Versículo 20
XIII. 19:20-22 Betrothal in the biblical world was considered equivalent to marriage. Sexual relations …
19:20-22 Betrothal in the biblical world was considered equivalent to marriage. Sexual relations with a betrothed or engaged woman who was not a slave merited death, the same punishment as for adultery (Deut 22:22; see Lev 18:20). However, the situation was less clear when the woman was a slave who might be unable to refuse. While slaves in Israel had considerably more rights than those in Mesopotamia or Egypt, they were still not free. Because a slave girl could not be punished, the man was also left unpunished. Still, he was guilty in God’s sight and had to sacrifice a ram for his sin.
XIV
Versículo 23
XIV. 19:23-25 For the first three years, a newly planted fruit tree was only to be pruned and cultivat…
19:23-25 For the first three years, a newly planted fruit tree was only to be pruned and cultivated. This allowed all the strength to go back into the tree. In the fourth year, all of the fruit was considered the “first crop” and was given to God (see Exod 23:16). Only in the fifth year could the fruit be eaten.
XV
Versículo 26
XV. 19:26 blood: See study note on 7:22-27. • Priests were permitted to consult the Urim and Thummim …
19:26 blood: See study note on 7:22-27. • Priests were permitted to consult the Urim and Thummim (Exod 28:30) or to cast lots (Lev 16:8) to help decide cases not covered by Mosaic regulations. However, those who practiced fortune-telling or witchcraft were actually consulting a power apart from the Lord, which was forbidden under the first commandment (Exod 20:3).
16
Versículo 27
16. 19:27 Do not trim: As discovered in Egyptian wall paintings, Canaanites carefully trimmed their h…
19:27 Do not trim: As discovered in Egyptian wall paintings, Canaanites carefully trimmed their hair and beards. The Israelites were not to imitate this practice so that they would not be influenced by Canaanite religion and ethics.
17
Versículo 28
17. 19:28 cut your bodies: Cutting oneself was associated with Canaanite mourning practices (21:5; De…
19:28 cut your bodies: Cutting oneself was associated with Canaanite mourning practices (21:5; Deut 14:1). The word translated tattoo might refer to painting the body, a practice also associated with paganism.
18
Versículo 29
18. 19:29 Cp. 21:9; Deut 23:17.
19:29 Cp. 21:9; Deut 23:17.
19
Versículo 30
19. 19:30 Sabbath days: The Hebrew word translated “Sabbath” (shabbath) is related to a verb which me…
19:30 Sabbath days: The Hebrew word translated “Sabbath” (shabbath) is related to a verb which means simply “to cease,” implying rest from one’s labor. The Sabbath commemorated God’s resting on the seventh day after he had completed his work of creation (Gen 1:31; 2:1-3). It began at sundown on the sixth day. With the exodus from Egypt, the Sabbath gained covenantal significance (Exod 16:23-25; 31:13). Because only free people, not slaves, had a regular day of rest, the Sabbath became symbolic of Israel’s liberation from bondage in Egypt (see Deut 5:13-15). • The people were to show reverence (literally fear) because the sanctuary, like the Sabbath, was holy. They were not to enter it when they were unclean or bring anything unclean into it.
20
Versículo 31
20. 19:31 mediums: Cp. 1 Sam 28:7-25. • The Hebrew term for consult the spirits (yidde‘oni) is derive…
19:31 mediums: Cp. 1 Sam 28:7-25. • The Hebrew term for consult the spirits (yidde‘oni) is derived from a root meaning “to know.” It describes those who claim to have special occult knowledge and use it to communicate with the dead.
21
Versículo 32
21. 19:32 In the ancient world, the elderly and the aged were respected for their wisdom (Job 32:7). …
19:32 In the ancient world, the elderly and the aged were respected for their wisdom (Job 32:7). Honoring the elderly also honors God.
22
Versículo 33
22. 19:33-34 The Israelites, once foreigners living in . . . Egypt, were to remember their own mistre…
19:33-34 The Israelites, once foreigners living in . . . Egypt, were to remember their own mistreatment and avoid inflicting similar abuse on others (see Deut 10:19).
23
Versículo 35
23. 19:35-36 dishonest standards: Merchants would sometimes use two different sets of weights, one he…
19:35-36 dishonest standards: Merchants would sometimes use two different sets of weights, one heavy and one light (Deut 25:13-15), in order to cheat customers. The Bible makes it clear that this practice was abhorrent to God (Prov 11:1; 16:11; 20:10, 23; Mic 6:11).
Antiguo Testamento
Leviticus — Capítulo 19
Leviticus enabled ancient Israel to live in relationship with a holy God. But now that Christ has come as our High Priest and ultimate sacrifice—thereby fulfilling many of the requirements outlined in Leviticus—what do laws governing ancient Israel’s system of worship, with its priests and animal sacrifices, have to do with us? Leviticus increases our understanding of God’s holiness. And God’s …
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Habló Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:
2Habla a toda la congregación de los hijos de Israel, y diles: Santos seréis, porque santo soy yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
3Cada uno temerá a su madre y a su padre, y mis días de reposo guardaréis. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
4No os volveréis a los ídolos, ni haréis para vosotros dioses de fundición. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
5Y cuando ofreciereis sacrificio de ofrenda de paz a Jehová, ofrecedlo de tal manera que seáis aceptos.
6Será comido el día que lo ofreciereis, y el día siguiente; y lo que quedare para el tercer día, será quemado en el fuego.
7Y si se comiere el día tercero, será abominación; no será acepto,
8y el que lo comiere llevará su delito, por cuanto profanó lo santo de Jehová; y la tal persona será cortada de su pueblo.
9Cuando siegues la mies de tu tierra, no segarás hasta el último rincón de ella, ni espigarás tu tierra segada.
10Y no rebuscarás tu viña, ni recogerás el fruto caído de tu viña; para el pobre y para el extranjero lo dejarás. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
11No hurtaréis, y no engañaréis ni mentiréis el uno al otro.
12Y no juraréis falsamente por mi nombre, profanando así el nombre de tu Dios. Yo Jehová.
13No oprimirás a tu prójimo, ni le robarás. No retendrás el salario del jornalero en tu casa hasta la mañana.
14No maldecirás al sordo, y delante del ciego no pondrás tropiezo, sino que tendrás temor de tu Dios. Yo Jehová.
15No harás injusticia en el juicio, ni favoreciendo al pobre ni complaciendo al grande; con justicia juzgarás a tu prójimo.
16No andarás chismeando entre tu pueblo. No atentarás contra la vida de tu prójimo. Yo Jehová.
17No aborrecerás a tu hermano en tu corazón; razonarás con tu prójimo, para que no participes de su pecado.
18No te vengarás, ni guardarás rencor a los hijos de tu pueblo, sino amarás a tu prójimo como a ti mismo. Yo Jehová.
19Mis estatutos guardarás. No harás ayuntar tu ganado con animales de otra especie; tu campo no sembrarás con mezcla de semillas, y no te pondrás vestidos con mezcla de hilos.
20Si un hombre yaciere con una mujer que fuere sierva desposada con alguno, y no estuviere rescatada, ni le hubiere sido dada libertad, ambos serán azotados; no morirán, por cuanto ella no es libre.
21Y él traerá a Jehová, a la puerta del tabernáculo de reunión, un carnero en expiación por su culpa.
22Y con el carnero de la expiación lo reconciliará el sacerdote delante de Jehová, por su pecado que cometió; y se le perdonará su pecado que ha cometido.
23Y cuando entréis en la tierra, y plantéis toda clase de árboles frutales, consideraréis como incircunciso lo primero de su fruto; tres años os será incircunciso; su fruto no se comerá.
24Y el cuarto año todo su fruto será consagrado en alabanzas a Jehová.
25Mas al quinto año comeréis el fruto de él, para que os haga crecer su fruto. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
26No comeréis cosa alguna con sangre. No seréis agoreros, ni adivinos.
27No haréis tonsura en vuestras cabezas, ni dañaréis la punta de vuestra barba.
28Y no haréis rasguños en vuestro cuerpo por un muerto, ni imprimiréis en vosotros señal alguna. Yo Jehová.
29No contaminarás a tu hija haciéndola fornicar, para que no se prostituya la tierra y se llene de maldad.
30Mis días de reposo guardaréis, y mi santuario tendréis en reverencia. Yo Jehová.
31No os volváis a los encantadores ni a los adivinos; no los consultéis, contaminándoos con ellos. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
32Delante de las canas te levantarás, y honrarás el rostro del anciano, y de tu Dios tendrás temor. Yo Jehová.
33Cuando el extranjero morare con vosotros en vuestra tierra, no le oprimiréis.
34Como a un natural de vosotros tendréis al extranjero que more entre vosotros, y lo amarás como a ti mismo; porque extranjeros fuisteis en la tierra de Egipto. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
35No hagáis injusticia en juicio, en medida de tierra, en peso ni en otra medida.
36Balanzas justas, pesas justas y medidas justas tendréis. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios, que os saqué de la tierra de Egipto.
37Guardad, pues, todos mis estatutos y todas mis ordenanzas, y ponedlos por obra. Yo Jehová.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
Versículo 2
I. 19:2 be holy: See study note on 11:44-45.
Versículo 3
II. 19:3 I am the Lord (see 18:2): These words break ch 19 into terse, staccato sections (19:3, 4, 10…
Versículo 9
III. 19:9-10 do not harvest. . . . Leave them for the poor: Israel’s covenant with God included a soci…
Versículo 11
IV. 19:11 A society that did not respect the property of others would quickly fall apart internally. …
Versículo 12
V. 19:12 To bring shame on the name means to blaspheme (see study note on 18:21).
Versículo 13
VI. 19:13 Day laborers had no land and were a part of Israel’s lowest economic ranks. These hired wor…
Versículo 14
VII. 19:14 The deaf and blind were helpless people, easy to belittle and exploit. The Israelites were …
Versículo 15
VIII. 19:15 Neither the poor nor the rich were to be favored in a legal case. Justice was the priority …
Versículo 16
IX. 19:16 Do not spread slanderous gossip: The image here is of a merchant who trades and sells harmf…
Versículo 17
X. 19:17 for any of your relatives: The Hebrew term can refer to any fellow Israelite; all Israel wa…
Versículo 18
XI. 19:18 love your neighbor as yourself: This is the cornerstone for biblical ethics in both the Old…
Versículo 19
XII. 19:19 two different kinds: God created a natural order (Gen 1:31; see Lev 18:22), and it is viola…
Versículo 20
XIII. 19:20-22 Betrothal in the biblical world was considered equivalent to marriage. Sexual relations …
Versículo 23
XIV. 19:23-25 For the first three years, a newly planted fruit tree was only to be pruned and cultivat…
Versículo 26
XV. 19:26 blood: See study note on 7:22-27. • Priests were permitted to consult the Urim and Thummim …
Versículo 27
16. 19:27 Do not trim: As discovered in Egyptian wall paintings, Canaanites carefully trimmed their h…
Versículo 28
17. 19:28 cut your bodies: Cutting oneself was associated with Canaanite mourning practices (21:5; De…
Versículo 29
18. 19:29 Cp. 21:9; Deut 23:17.
Versículo 30
19. 19:30 Sabbath days: The Hebrew word translated “Sabbath” (shabbath) is related to a verb which me…
Versículo 31
20. 19:31 mediums: Cp. 1 Sam 28:7-25. • The Hebrew term for consult the spirits (yidde‘oni) is derive…
Versículo 32
21. 19:32 In the ancient world, the elderly and the aged were respected for their wisdom (Job 32:7). …
Versículo 33
22. 19:33-34 The Israelites, once foreigners living in . . . Egypt, were to remember their own mistre…
Versículo 35
23. 19:35-36 dishonest standards: Merchants would sometimes use two different sets of weights, one he…