Antiguo Testamento

Job — Capítulo 1

When suffering comes to us, we often ask why. People sometimes say it’s because the sufferer did something wrong. The book of Job examines the suffering of one man who suffered precisely because he was blameless. Job’s friends supposed that he was guilty of some unknown sin. They tried to persuade him to repent, but Job knew he hadn’t sinned, so he questioned God. Finally, God appeared, but he …

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Hubo en tierra de Uz un varón llamado Job; y era este hombre perfecto y recto, temeroso de Dios y apartado del mal.

2Y le nacieron siete hijos y tres hijas.

3Su hacienda era siete mil ovejas, tres mil camellos, quinientas yuntas de bueyes, quinientas asnas, y muchísimos criados; y era aquel varón más grande que todos los orientales.

4E iban sus hijos y hacían banquetes en sus casas, cada uno en su día; y enviaban a llamar a sus tres hermanas para que comiesen y bebiesen con ellos.

5Y acontecía que habiendo pasado en turno los días del convite, Job enviaba y los santificaba, y se levantaba de mañana y ofrecía holocaustos conforme al número de todos ellos. Porque decía Job: Quizá habrán pecado mis hijos, y habrán blasfemado contra Dios en sus corazones. De esta manera hacía todos los días.

6Un día vinieron a presentarse delante de Jehová los hijos de Dios, entre los cuales vino también Satanás.

7Y dijo Jehová a Satanás: ¿De dónde vienes? Respondiendo Satanás a Jehová, dijo: De rodear la tierra y de andar por ella.

8Y Jehová dijo a Satanás: ¿No has considerado a mi siervo Job, que no hay otro como él en la tierra, varón perfecto y recto, temeroso de Dios y apartado del mal?

9Respondiendo Satanás a Jehová, dijo: ¿Acaso teme Job a Dios de balde?

10¿No le has cercado alrededor a él y a su casa y a todo lo que tiene? Al trabajo de sus manos has dado bendición; por tanto, sus bienes han aumentado sobre la tierra.

11Pero extiende ahora tu mano y toca todo lo que tiene, y verás si no blasfema contra ti en tu misma presencia.

12Dijo Jehová a Satanás: He aquí, todo lo que tiene está en tu mano; solamente no pongas tu mano sobre él. Y salió Satanás de delante de Jehová.

13Y un día aconteció que sus hijos e hijas comían y bebían vino en casa de su hermano el primogénito,

14y vino un mensajero a Job, y le dijo: Estaban arando los bueyes, y las asnas paciendo cerca de ellos,

15y acometieron los sabeos y los tomaron, y mataron a los criados a filo de espada; solamente escapé yo para darte la noticia.

16Aún estaba este hablando, cuando vino otro que dijo: Fuego de Dios cayó del cielo, que quemó las ovejas y a los pastores, y los consumió; solamente escapé yo para darte la noticia.

17Todavía estaba este hablando, y vino otro que dijo: Los caldeos hicieron tres escuadrones, y arremetieron contra los camellos y se los llevaron, y mataron a los criados a filo de espada; y solamente escapé yo para darte la noticia.

18Entre tanto que este hablaba, vino otro que dijo: Tus hijos y tus hijas estaban comiendo y bebiendo vino en casa de su hermano el primogénito;

19y un gran viento vino del lado del desierto y azotó las cuatro esquinas de la casa, la cual cayó sobre los jóvenes, y murieron; y solamente escapé yo para darte la noticia.

20Entonces Job se levantó, y rasgó su manto, y rasuró su cabeza, y se postró en tierra y adoró,

21y dijo: Desnudo salí del vientre de mi madre, y desnudo volveré allá. Jehová dio, y Jehová quitó; sea el nombre de Jehová bendito.

22En todo esto no pecó Job, ni atribuyó a Dios despropósito alguno.

TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES

Versículo 6

I. 1:1–2:13 God and Satan agree to a test that would bring about Job’s troubles and confirm his inte…

1:1–2:13 God and Satan agree to a test that would bring about Job’s troubles and confirm his integrity (1:20-21; 2:10). None of the book’s characters ever learn of this heavenly council. 1:6-7 The members of the heavenly court are heavenly beings; they may be either holy angels or rebellious demons (Gen 6:2, 4). They join God in his deliberations, including at creation (Gen 1:26) and in his rule over creation (Job 1:6; Gen 3:22; 2:1; 1 Kgs 22:19-22; Pss 82:1; 89:5, 7-8; Dan 3:13, 17, 23, 25; 7:9-14). • The account remains unclear as to whether Satan usually came with other members of the heavenly court to make a report or whether he was intruding as Job’s adversary. • Where have you come from? The question was God’s sovereign demand for a report from a subordinate (see Gen 3:9). • Satan was not patrolling to implement God’s judgments (cp. 1 Chr 21:1-14; 2 Kgs 19:35 // Isa 37:36; Ezek 1:5-9) but to oppose God’s purposes (2 Tim 2:26; 1 Pet 5:8).

Versículo 1

II. 1:1 The opening phrase, There once was a man, can introduce either a parable (2 Sam 12:1) or hist…

1:1 The opening phrase, There once was a man, can introduce either a parable (2 Sam 12:1) or history (1 Sam 25:2). • Job is also mentioned in Ezek 14:14, 20 and Jas 5:11. • Uz is east of the Jordan, either in Edom to the south (Gen 36:28; 1 Chr 1:42; Jer 25:19-20; Lam 4:21) or in Aram to the north (Gen 10:23; 22:21; 1 Chr 1:17, 42). Job was not an Israelite—he lived before the nation was born and outside its later territory. • Job was morally blameless—a man of complete integrity (Job 1:8; 2:3; see Pss 25:21; 37:37; Prov 2:7; 20:11; 29:10). He did not claim to be perfect or sinless (Job 6:24; 7:21; see also Eccl 7:20; Rom 3:23; 1 Jn 1:8), but he was righteous; his suffering did not result from guilt. He feared God (see Ps 111:10; Prov 1:7; 9:10; 2 Cor 7:1) and did not appeal to any of the ancient Near Eastern gods (Job 9:8; 23:13; 31:26-28).

Versículo 2

III. 1:2-3 Job was prosperous in sons, daughters, livestock, and servants (cp. Gen 30:43; Deut 7:13; P…

1:2-3 Job was prosperous in sons, daughters, livestock, and servants (cp. Gen 30:43; Deut 7:13; Ps 107:38). • Numbers such as seven and three (and 7,000 and 3,000) indicate the completeness of the blessing Job experienced (see Job 42:13; see also Pss 127:3-5; 128:3). • the richest person in that entire area: The figures that catalogue Job’s wealth might not be exact, but they are realistic for a wealthy man of that time (cp. Nabal’s wealth, 1 Sam 25:2).

Versículo 5

IV. 1:5 Ritual washing and changing garments were common ways for individuals to purify themselves be…

1:5 Ritual washing and changing garments were common ways for individuals to purify themselves before offering a sacrifice (Gen 35:2; Exod 19:10, 14). • The common time for conscientious piety was early in the morning (see Gen 22:3; Ps 5:3; Mark 1:35). • cursed: The Hebrew term barak (literally blessed) is used here as a euphemism for cursing (cp. Job 1:11; 2:5, 9; 1 Kgs 21:10, 13; Ps 10:3). Job was concerned that his children might have committed this capital crime (Lev 24:10-16; 1 Kgs 21:9-13; cp. Job 1:11; 2:5, 9). Job understood that sinful attitudes in people’s hearts constitute sin (Jer 17:9-10; Mark 7:21-23).

Versículo 8

V. 1:8 my servant: This title was used for the patriarchs (Gen 26:24; Exod 32:13), the prophets (2 K…

1:8 my servant: This title was used for the patriarchs (Gen 26:24; Exod 32:13), the prophets (2 Kgs 17:13; Jer 7:25; Zech 1:6), and David (e.g., 2 Sam 7:1-29; Pss 18:1; 36:1).

Versículo 9

VI. 1:9-11 Job has good reason (Hebrew khinnam; see study note on 2:3) to fear God: The wisdom tradit…

1:9-11 Job has good reason (Hebrew khinnam; see study note on 2:3) to fear God: The wisdom tradition links piety with prosperity. Satan went a step further by suggesting that Job’s piety was contingent upon his affluence.

Versículo 10

VII. 1:10 wall of protection: See 1 Sam 25:16; Pss 5:12; 34:7; Zech 2:5; cp. Isa 5:5.

1:10 wall of protection: See 1 Sam 25:16; Pss 5:12; 34:7; Zech 2:5; cp. Isa 5:5.

Versículo 11

VIII. 1:11-12 reach out . . . test him . . . Do whatever you want: Satan was God’s agent; the hand he p…

1:11-12 reach out . . . test him . . . Do whatever you want: Satan was God’s agent; the hand he put forth was the Lord’s as well as Satan’s, for here they acted against everything Job possessed and later against Job himself (2:5-6). • Job later cursed the day of his birth (3:1, 8), but he did not curse God (31:30), even when his distraught wife urged him to do so (2:9). • God allowed Satan to test Job to prove that Satan’s cynicism was incorrect (1 Cor 10:11; see Jas 1:13; cp. Luke 22:31-32; John 19:11).

Versículo 13

IX. 1:13-19 These attacks destroyed the blessings enumerated in 1:2-3; Job was left alone with the fo…

1:13-19 These attacks destroyed the blessings enumerated in 1:2-3; Job was left alone with the four ominous messengers who came to report and a wife who offered misguided counsel. • The repetition of while he was still speaking emphasizes the relentlessness of the attacks (see Jer 51:31). The repetition of I am the only one who escaped to tell you emphasizes the total obliteration of Job’s resources.

Versículo 15

X. 1:15 The Sabeans were marauding bandit tribes from the desert (cp. Judg 6:3). By the 700s BC, the…

1:15 The Sabeans were marauding bandit tribes from the desert (cp. Judg 6:3). By the 700s BC, the southern Sabeans would become a national power that traded in gold, precious stones, perfume, and slaves (Ps 72:10; Isa 43:3; 45:14; 60:6; Jer 6:20).

Versículo 16

XI. 1:16 The fire of God . . . from heaven (20:26) might have been lightning (Lev 10:2; 1 Kgs 18:38; …

1:16 The fire of God . . . from heaven (20:26) might have been lightning (Lev 10:2; 1 Kgs 18:38; 2 Kgs 1:10-14), wildfire (Num 11:1-3), or volcanic activity (Gen 19:24).

Versículo 19

XII. 1:19 That the wind . . . hit the house on all sides suggests that Job and his children were settl…

1:19 That the wind . . . hit the house on all sides suggests that Job and his children were settled farmers living in houses rather than nomads living in tents.

Versículo 20

XIII. 1:20 Job tore his robe and shaved his head; both were common Near East rituals that demonstrated …

1:20 Job tore his robe and shaved his head; both were common Near East rituals that demonstrated grief. These actions sometimes substituted for self-mutilation as a physical response to shock, horror, or bad news (2:12; Gen 37:29, 34; Judg 11:35; Jer 16:6; Ezek 7:18; Amos 8:10). • He fell to the ground, not to wail in despair, but to worship in hope (1 Pet 5:6).

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Job — Capítulo 1