Have you ever known a person who turned his or her back on Christ and the church and simply walked away? Perhaps you have struggled to maintain your own Christian commitment in the face of disillusionment, spiritual confusion, loss of perspective, or outright persecution. The book of Hebrews points us to Christ. It provides light to help struggling Christians see Jesus clearly and stand firm. S…
1Ahora bien, aun el primer pacto tenía ordenanzas de culto y un santuario terrenal.
2Porque el tabernáculo estaba dispuesto así: en la primera parte, llamada el Lugar Santo, estaban el candelabro, la mesa y los panes de la proposición.
3Tras el segundo velo estaba la parte del tabernáculo llamada el Lugar Santísimo,
4el cual tenía un incensario de oro y el arca del pacto cubierta de oro por todas partes, en la que estaba una urna de oro que contenía el maná, la vara de Aarón que reverdeció, y las tablas del pacto;
5y sobre ella los querubines de gloria que cubrían el propiciatorio; de las cuales cosas no se puede ahora hablar en detalle.
6Y así dispuestas estas cosas, en la primera parte del tabernáculo entran los sacerdotes continuamente para cumplir los oficios del culto;
7pero en la segunda parte, sólo el sumo sacerdote una vez al año, no sin sangre, la cual ofrece por sí mismo y por los pecados de ignorancia del pueblo;
8dando el Espíritu Santo a entender con esto que aún no se había manifestado el camino al Lugar Santísimo, entre tanto que la primera parte del tabernáculo estuviese en pie.
9Lo cual es símbolo para el tiempo presente, según el cual se presentan ofrendas y sacrificios que no pueden hacer perfecto, en cuanto a la conciencia, al que practica ese culto,
10ya que consiste solo de comidas y bebidas, de diversas abluciones, y ordenanzas acerca de la carne, impuestas hasta el tiempo de reformar las cosas.
11Pero estando ya presente Cristo, sumo sacerdote de los bienes venideros, por el más amplio y más perfecto tabernáculo, no hecho de manos, es decir, no de esta creación,
12y no por sangre de machos cabríos ni de becerros, sino por su propia sangre, entró una vez para siempre en el Lugar Santísimo, habiendo obtenido eterna redención.
13Porque si la sangre de los toros y de los machos cabríos, y las cenizas de la becerra rociadas a los inmundos, santifican para la purificación de la carne,
14¿cuánto más la sangre de Cristo, el cual mediante el Espíritu eterno se ofreció a sí mismo sin mancha a Dios, limpiará vuestras conciencias de obras muertas para que sirváis al Dios vivo?
15Así que, por eso es mediador de un nuevo pacto, para que interviniendo muerte para la remisión de las transgresiones que había bajo el primer pacto, los llamados reciban la promesa de la herencia eterna.
16Porque donde hay testamento, es necesario que intervenga muerte del testador.
17Porque el testamento con la muerte se confirma; pues no es válido entre tanto que el testador vive.
18De donde ni aun el primer pacto fue instituido sin sangre.
19Porque habiendo anunciado Moisés todos los mandamientos de la ley a todo el pueblo, tomó la sangre de los becerros y de los machos cabríos, con agua, lana escarlata e hisopo, y roció el mismo libro y también a todo el pueblo,
20diciendo: Esta es la sangre del pacto que Dios os ha mandado.
21Y además de esto, roció también con la sangre el tabernáculo y todos los vasos del ministerio.
22Y casi todo es purificado, según la ley, con sangre; y sin derramamiento de sangre no se hace remisión.
23Fue, pues, necesario que las figuras de las cosas celestiales fuesen purificadas así; pero las cosas celestiales mismas, con mejores sacrificios que estos.
24Porque no entró Cristo en el santuario hecho de mano, figura del verdadero, sino en el cielo mismo para presentarse ahora por nosotros ante Dios;
25y no para ofrecerse muchas veces, como entra el sumo sacerdote en el Lugar Santísimo cada año con sangre ajena.
26De otra manera le hubiera sido necesario padecer muchas veces desde el principio del mundo; pero ahora, en la consumación de los siglos, se presentó una vez para siempre por el sacrificio de sí mismo para quitar de en medio el pecado.
27Y de la manera que está establecido para los hombres que mueran una sola vez, y después de esto el juicio,
28así también Cristo fue ofrecido una sola vez para llevar los pecados de muchos; y aparecerá por segunda vez, sin relación con el pecado, para salvar a los que le esperan.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
I
Versículo 1
I. 9:1–10:18 This section argues that Christ’s death, the sacrifice in the new covenant, is superior…
9:1–10:18 This section argues that Christ’s death, the sacrifice in the new covenant, is superior to the sacrifices in the old covenant. In 9:1-10, the author describes aspects of worship under the regulations of the old covenant (see Exod 28–29; Lev 1–10; 16:1–17:16). In Heb 9:11–10:18, these regulations are contrasted with Christ’s superior offering.
9:1-5 These verses describe the Tabernacle, Israel’s place of worship before the Temple was constructed.
II
Versículo 2
II. 9:2 Israel’s Tabernacle was a tent with two rooms (see Exod 25–31; 35:1–40:38). • a lampstand: Ex…
9:2 Israel’s Tabernacle was a tent with two rooms (see Exod 25–31; 35:1–40:38). • a lampstand: Exod 25:31-40; 26:35. • a table: Exod 25:23-30. • The priests went into the Holy Place daily in their ritual duties (Heb 9:6; see Exod 28:43; Num 28:3-8).
III
Versículo 3
III. 9:3 At the back of the first room of the Tabernacle was a curtain that separated the first room f…
9:3 At the back of the first room of the Tabernacle was a curtain that separated the first room from the second room called the Most Holy Place (Exod 26:31-33). This curtain was a sacred barrier: Only the high priest could go behind it into the Most Holy Place, and only once a year on the Day of Atonement (Heb 9:7; see Exod 30:6, 10; Lev 16:2-34; 23:27-32).
IV
Versículo 4
IV. 9:4 The gold incense altar probably stood just outside the inner curtain (Exod 30:1-10); its loca…
9:4 The gold incense altar probably stood just outside the inner curtain (Exod 30:1-10); its location is ambiguous at points in the Old Testament, but it was closely associated with the Most Holy Place (Exod 30:6; Lev 16:13; 1 Kgs 6:22). • Since it represented the presence of God, the Ark of the Covenant was the most important item in the Tabernacle (see Exod 25:10-22). • The gold jar containing manna was a reminder of God’s provision in the wilderness (Exod 16:32-34). • Aaron’s staff that sprouted leaves (see Num 17:1-11) was a reminder not to rebel against God’s chosen leaders (Num 17:10; cp. Heb 13:17). • The stone tablets of the covenant held the Ten Commandments and were to remind the people of the terms by which they were to live out the covenant (Exod 25:16; 31:18; Deut 9:9–10:5).
V
Versículo 5
V. 9:5 The cherubim of divine glory were statues of angels formed into the Ark’s cover. This categor…
9:5 The cherubim of divine glory were statues of angels formed into the Ark’s cover. This category of angels is especially associated with God’s glorious presence (Gen 3:24; Pss 80:1; 99:1; Isa 37:16). The Ark’s cover itself was the place of atonement, on which the blood from the Day of Atonement sacrifice was to be sprinkled (Lev 16:14-16). • But we cannot explain these things in detail now: The main focus of the discussion is the offering of sacrifices under the old covenant (Heb 9:6-10).
VI
Versículo 6
VI. 9:6-8 The worship practices in the Holy Place, the first room of the Tabernacle (9:2), were the d…
9:6-8 The worship practices in the Holy Place, the first room of the Tabernacle (9:2), were the duty of the priests, who kept the lamps lit and the sacred loaves of bread replenished (Exod 27:20-21; Lev 24:8).
VII
Versículo 7
VII. 9:7 The yearly duty was carried out on the Day of Atonement, when the high priest offered sacrifi…
9:7 The yearly duty was carried out on the Day of Atonement, when the high priest offered sacrifices for the sins not covered by other sacrifices during the previous year (Lev 16:1-25).
VIII
Versículo 8
VIII. 9:8 was not freely open: Free entrance into the presence of God was not available to all of the p…
9:8 was not freely open: Free entrance into the presence of God was not available to all of the people under the old covenant system. • The outer room of the Tabernacle, which served as a sacred barrier keeping the people from the presence of God in the Most Holy Place, was symbolic of the whole system. Under that system, people were kept out of God’s presence rather than led into it.
IX
Versículo 9
IX. 9:9 This is an illustration: The problem with the gifts and sacrifices of the old covenant is tha…
9:9 This is an illustration: The problem with the gifts and sacrifices of the old covenant is that they were not able to cleanse the consciences of the people—they could not remove people’s guilt before a holy God (cp. 9:14; 10:2, 22; 13:18).
X
Versículo 10
X. 9:10 The old system dealt only with physical regulations, and it could not deal with the conditio…
9:10 The old system dealt only with physical regulations, and it could not deal with the condition of the heart (8:10; 10:21-24). Consequently, it was provisional, only intended to last until Christ could come and establish a better system (9:11–10:18).
XI
Versículo 11
XI. 9:11–10:18 The author now contrasts the old system (9:1-10) with the superior sacrifice made by C…
9:11–10:18 The author now contrasts the old system (9:1-10) with the superior sacrifice made by Christ as High Priest: The blood of Christ’s offering was his own blood, not the blood of animals (9:13-22; cp. 9:7); Christ’s offering was made in the heavenly Tabernacle, not the earthly one (9:23-24; cp. 9:1-5); and Christ’s offering, rather than being made continually, was made just one time (9:25–10:18; cp. 7:27; 9:6-7).
9:11 Christ has now become the High Priest over all the good things of the new covenant. He was appointed by God in accord with Ps 110:4 (Heb 5:1-10; 7:1-28) and offered a superior offering. • that have come: Some manuscripts read that are about to come, either from the perspective of the old covenant era or looking forward to the culmination of God’s plan in the future. • Christ’s sacrifice is superior because of where it was made: in that greater, more perfect Tabernacle in heaven rather than the earthly Tabernacle (see 8:5 and corresponding study note).
XII
Versículo 12
XII. 9:12 Christ’s offering is superior because it was made with his own blood rather than the blood o…
9:12 Christ’s offering is superior because it was made with his own blood rather than the blood of goats and calves (e.g., cp. Lev 16:3-5). • Christ’s offering is superior because he entered the Most Holy Place once for all time. Unlike the sacrifices in the old covenant, which had to be made year after year (Heb 10:1), Jesus’ sacrificial death only had to be made once and was decisive in securing our redemption forever.
XIII
Versículo 13
XIII. 9:13 The ashes of a heifer were used with water to cleanse people’s bodies from ceremonial impuri…
9:13 The ashes of a heifer were used with water to cleanse people’s bodies from ceremonial impurity (see Num 19).
XIV
Versículo 14
XIV. 9:14 how much more: This is an argument from lesser to greater, a traditional Jewish rhetorical s…
9:14 how much more: This is an argument from lesser to greater, a traditional Jewish rhetorical strategy; the logic is that if something is true in a lesser situation, it will be even more true in a greater situation (see also 2:1-4; 12:25-29). If the blood of animals had some effect in cleansing, the blood of Christ will be much more effective. • will purify our consciences: Christ’s sacrifice, unlike the sacrifices of the old covenant, removes the paralyzing guilt that keeps us from God by decisively cleansing us from sinful deeds.
XV
Versículo 15
XV. 9:15 the one who mediates: This term refers to an arbiter in a difficult legal dispute or politic…
9:15 the one who mediates: This term refers to an arbiter in a difficult legal dispute or political disagreement. In the old covenant, Moses and the angels were understood as mediators between God and the people (Gal 3:19-20). In the new covenant, Christ mediates the relationship between God and people by his sacrificial death (Heb 8:6; 12:24; Rom 6:23; 1 Tim 2:5; 1 Pet 3:18) and ongoing intercession (Heb 7:25).
16
Versículo 16
16. 9:16-22 The author gives a general principle about the nature of wills or covenants (9:16-17), wh…
9:16-22 The author gives a general principle about the nature of wills or covenants (9:16-17), which he then expounds in light of the inauguration of the first covenant (9:18-22).
17
Versículo 18
17. 9:18-19 was put into effect: Exod 24:3-8 records Moses’ inauguration of the old covenant with the…
9:18-19 was put into effect: Exod 24:3-8 records Moses’ inauguration of the old covenant with the blood of the sacrifice. • Hebrews alone among ancient sources states that Moses sprinkled the book of God’s law (cp. Exod 24:6-8). • Hyssop branches have blue flowers and strongly aromatic leaves; they were used with sacrifices for cleansing (Exod 12:22; Lev 14:4; Num 19:6, 18).
18
Versículo 20
18. 9:20 “This blood confirms the covenant God has made with you” (Exod 24:8): Jesus used similar lan…
9:20 “This blood confirms the covenant God has made with you” (Exod 24:8): Jesus used similar language at the Lord’s Supper, referring to his own death (Matt 26:28; Mark 14:24; 1 Cor 11:25).
19
Versículo 21
19. 9:21 he sprinkled blood: See Exod 24:3-8; Lev 16:14-19.
9:21 he sprinkled blood: See Exod 24:3-8; Lev 16:14-19.
20
Versículo 22
20. 9:22 Many of the rituals of cleansing in the law of Moses involved the death of a sacrificial ani…
9:22 Many of the rituals of cleansing in the law of Moses involved the death of a sacrificial animal; blood was involved both in the rites of cleansing (see Exod 29:12; 30:10; Lev 4:6, 17; 16:14-19; Num 19:4) and in making atonement (see Lev 16). The shedding of Christ’s blood established the new covenant, providing permanent purification and complete forgiveness of sins (Heb 8:12; 10:15-18; Matt 26:28; Eph 1:7).
21
Versículo 23
21. 9:23 This verse argues from lesser to greater (see study note on 9:14). Just as heaven is greater…
9:23 This verse argues from lesser to greater (see study note on 9:14). Just as heaven is greater than the earthly Tabernacle, so Christ’s sacrifice had to be . . . far better than the earthly sacrifices. • That is why: See 9:16-22; Lev 16:14-19. • copies of things in heaven: See study note on Heb 8:5. • in heaven, had to be purified: Just as the Tabernacle had to be cleansed because of the sin of the Israelites (Lev 16:16-19), the heavenly Tabernacle required that the uncleanness be removed from those who would enter heaven under the new covenant.
22
Versículo 24
22. 9:24 Under the new covenant, Christ did not offer his sacrifice in the earthly Tabernacle. Rather…
9:24 Under the new covenant, Christ did not offer his sacrifice in the earthly Tabernacle. Rather, he entered into the very presence of God in heaven to act on our behalf. His sacrifice makes him a much better mediator to bring us into a right relationship with God (2 Cor 5:19-21).
23
Versículo 25
23. 9:25-26 Under the old covenant, the sacrifice on the Day of Atonement had to be made again and ag…
9:25-26 Under the old covenant, the sacrifice on the Day of Atonement had to be made again and again (Lev 16:29-34). Christ’s superior sacrifice was made once for all time.
24
Versículo 26
24. 9:26 If that had been necessary: The author makes an argument using reductio ad absurdum (reducti…
9:26 If that had been necessary: The author makes an argument using reductio ad absurdum (reduction to absurdity), logically showing that Christ’s one-time sacrifice must be permanently effective. Since Christ himself is the sacrifice as well as the high priest, if his offering were made every year as with the earthly high priests, he would have to die again and again. But of course this is absurd; so, clearly, Christ died once for all time . . . to remove sin.
25
Versículo 27
25. 9:27-28 Christ’s first coming was to take away the sins of many people. When he will come again, …
9:27-28 Christ’s first coming was to take away the sins of many people. When he will come again, it will not be to deal with sins, since that has already been accomplished. Instead, he will bring salvation to all who are eagerly waiting for him (see study note on Gal 5:5).
Nuevo Testamento
Hebrews — Capítulo 9
Have you ever known a person who turned his or her back on Christ and the church and simply walked away? Perhaps you have struggled to maintain your own Christian commitment in the face of disillusionment, spiritual confusion, loss of perspective, or outright persecution. The book of Hebrews points us to Christ. It provides light to help struggling Christians see Jesus clearly and stand firm. S…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Ahora bien, aun el primer pacto tenía ordenanzas de culto y un santuario terrenal.
2Porque el tabernáculo estaba dispuesto así: en la primera parte, llamada el Lugar Santo, estaban el candelabro, la mesa y los panes de la proposición.
3Tras el segundo velo estaba la parte del tabernáculo llamada el Lugar Santísimo,
4el cual tenía un incensario de oro y el arca del pacto cubierta de oro por todas partes, en la que estaba una urna de oro que contenía el maná, la vara de Aarón que reverdeció, y las tablas del pacto;
5y sobre ella los querubines de gloria que cubrían el propiciatorio; de las cuales cosas no se puede ahora hablar en detalle.
6Y así dispuestas estas cosas, en la primera parte del tabernáculo entran los sacerdotes continuamente para cumplir los oficios del culto;
7pero en la segunda parte, sólo el sumo sacerdote una vez al año, no sin sangre, la cual ofrece por sí mismo y por los pecados de ignorancia del pueblo;
8dando el Espíritu Santo a entender con esto que aún no se había manifestado el camino al Lugar Santísimo, entre tanto que la primera parte del tabernáculo estuviese en pie.
9Lo cual es símbolo para el tiempo presente, según el cual se presentan ofrendas y sacrificios que no pueden hacer perfecto, en cuanto a la conciencia, al que practica ese culto,
10ya que consiste solo de comidas y bebidas, de diversas abluciones, y ordenanzas acerca de la carne, impuestas hasta el tiempo de reformar las cosas.
11Pero estando ya presente Cristo, sumo sacerdote de los bienes venideros, por el más amplio y más perfecto tabernáculo, no hecho de manos, es decir, no de esta creación,
12y no por sangre de machos cabríos ni de becerros, sino por su propia sangre, entró una vez para siempre en el Lugar Santísimo, habiendo obtenido eterna redención.
13Porque si la sangre de los toros y de los machos cabríos, y las cenizas de la becerra rociadas a los inmundos, santifican para la purificación de la carne,
14¿cuánto más la sangre de Cristo, el cual mediante el Espíritu eterno se ofreció a sí mismo sin mancha a Dios, limpiará vuestras conciencias de obras muertas para que sirváis al Dios vivo?
15Así que, por eso es mediador de un nuevo pacto, para que interviniendo muerte para la remisión de las transgresiones que había bajo el primer pacto, los llamados reciban la promesa de la herencia eterna.
16Porque donde hay testamento, es necesario que intervenga muerte del testador.
17Porque el testamento con la muerte se confirma; pues no es válido entre tanto que el testador vive.
18De donde ni aun el primer pacto fue instituido sin sangre.
19Porque habiendo anunciado Moisés todos los mandamientos de la ley a todo el pueblo, tomó la sangre de los becerros y de los machos cabríos, con agua, lana escarlata e hisopo, y roció el mismo libro y también a todo el pueblo,
20diciendo: Esta es la sangre del pacto que Dios os ha mandado.
21Y además de esto, roció también con la sangre el tabernáculo y todos los vasos del ministerio.
22Y casi todo es purificado, según la ley, con sangre; y sin derramamiento de sangre no se hace remisión.
23Fue, pues, necesario que las figuras de las cosas celestiales fuesen purificadas así; pero las cosas celestiales mismas, con mejores sacrificios que estos.
24Porque no entró Cristo en el santuario hecho de mano, figura del verdadero, sino en el cielo mismo para presentarse ahora por nosotros ante Dios;
25y no para ofrecerse muchas veces, como entra el sumo sacerdote en el Lugar Santísimo cada año con sangre ajena.
26De otra manera le hubiera sido necesario padecer muchas veces desde el principio del mundo; pero ahora, en la consumación de los siglos, se presentó una vez para siempre por el sacrificio de sí mismo para quitar de en medio el pecado.
27Y de la manera que está establecido para los hombres que mueran una sola vez, y después de esto el juicio,
28así también Cristo fue ofrecido una sola vez para llevar los pecados de muchos; y aparecerá por segunda vez, sin relación con el pecado, para salvar a los que le esperan.
TYNDALE OPEN STUDY NOTES
Versículo 1
I. 9:1–10:18 This section argues that Christ’s death, the sacrifice in the new covenant, is superior…
Versículo 2
II. 9:2 Israel’s Tabernacle was a tent with two rooms (see Exod 25–31; 35:1–40:38). • a lampstand: Ex…
Versículo 3
III. 9:3 At the back of the first room of the Tabernacle was a curtain that separated the first room f…
Versículo 4
IV. 9:4 The gold incense altar probably stood just outside the inner curtain (Exod 30:1-10); its loca…
Versículo 5
V. 9:5 The cherubim of divine glory were statues of angels formed into the Ark’s cover. This categor…
Versículo 6
VI. 9:6-8 The worship practices in the Holy Place, the first room of the Tabernacle (9:2), were the d…
Versículo 7
VII. 9:7 The yearly duty was carried out on the Day of Atonement, when the high priest offered sacrifi…
Versículo 8
VIII. 9:8 was not freely open: Free entrance into the presence of God was not available to all of the p…
Versículo 9
IX. 9:9 This is an illustration: The problem with the gifts and sacrifices of the old covenant is tha…
Versículo 10
X. 9:10 The old system dealt only with physical regulations, and it could not deal with the conditio…
Versículo 11
XI. 9:11–10:18 The author now contrasts the old system (9:1-10) with the superior sacrifice made by C…
Versículo 12
XII. 9:12 Christ’s offering is superior because it was made with his own blood rather than the blood o…
Versículo 13
XIII. 9:13 The ashes of a heifer were used with water to cleanse people’s bodies from ceremonial impuri…
Versículo 14
XIV. 9:14 how much more: This is an argument from lesser to greater, a traditional Jewish rhetorical s…
Versículo 15
XV. 9:15 the one who mediates: This term refers to an arbiter in a difficult legal dispute or politic…
Versículo 16
16. 9:16-22 The author gives a general principle about the nature of wills or covenants (9:16-17), wh…
Versículo 18
17. 9:18-19 was put into effect: Exod 24:3-8 records Moses’ inauguration of the old covenant with the…
Versículo 20
18. 9:20 “This blood confirms the covenant God has made with you” (Exod 24:8): Jesus used similar lan…
Versículo 21
19. 9:21 he sprinkled blood: See Exod 24:3-8; Lev 16:14-19.
Versículo 22
20. 9:22 Many of the rituals of cleansing in the law of Moses involved the death of a sacrificial ani…
Versículo 23
21. 9:23 This verse argues from lesser to greater (see study note on 9:14). Just as heaven is greater…
Versículo 24
22. 9:24 Under the new covenant, Christ did not offer his sacrifice in the earthly Tabernacle. Rather…
Versículo 25
23. 9:25-26 Under the old covenant, the sacrifice on the Day of Atonement had to be made again and ag…
Versículo 26
24. 9:26 If that had been necessary: The author makes an argument using reductio ad absurdum (reducti…
Versículo 27
25. 9:27-28 Christ’s first coming was to take away the sins of many people. When he will come again, …