INTRODUCTION TO EZRA This book, in the Vulgate Latin and Arabic versions, is called the "First" Book of Ezra, Nehemiah being reckoned the "second"; but with the Jews both were accounted but one book (a); in the Syriac version, it is called the Writing or Book of Ezra the Prophet; and this title is given him, both by Jews (b) and Christians (c); in the Arabic version, it is called the First Book…
1Acabadas estas cosas, los príncipes vinieron a mí, diciendo: El pueblo de Israel y los sacerdotes y levitas no se han separado de los pueblos de las tierras, de los cananeos, heteos, ferezeos, jebuseos, amonitas, moabitas, egipcios y amorreos, y hacen conforme a sus abominaciones.
2Porque han tomado de las hijas de ellos para sí y para sus hijos, y el linaje santo ha sido mezclado con los pueblos de las tierras; y la mano de los príncipes y de los gobernadores ha sido la primera en cometer este pecado.
3Cuando oí esto, rasgué mi vestido y mi manto, y arranqué pelo de mi cabeza y de mi barba, y me senté angustiado en extremo.
4Y se me juntaron todos los que temían las palabras del Dios de Israel, a causa de la prevaricación de los del cautiverio; mas yo estuve muy angustiado hasta la hora del sacrificio de la tarde.
5Y a la hora del sacrificio de la tarde me levanté de mi aflicción, y habiendo rasgado mi vestido y mi manto, me postré de rodillas, y extendí mis manos a Jehová mi Dios,
6y dije: Dios mío, confuso y avergonzado estoy para levantar, oh Dios mío, mi rostro a ti, porque nuestras iniquidades se han multiplicado sobre nuestra cabeza, y nuestros delitos han crecido hasta el cielo.
7Desde los días de nuestros padres hasta este día hemos vivido en gran pecado; y por nuestras iniquidades nosotros, nuestros reyes y nuestros sacerdotes hemos sido entregados en manos de los reyes de las tierras, a espada, a cautiverio, a robo, y a vergüenza que cubre nuestro rostro, como hoy día.
8Y ahora por un breve momento ha habido misericordia de parte de Jehová nuestro Dios, para hacer que nos quedase un remanente libre, y para darnos un lugar seguro en su santuario, a fin de alumbrar nuestro Dios nuestros ojos y darnos un poco de vida en nuestra servidumbre.
9Porque siervos somos; mas en nuestra servidumbre no nos ha desamparado nuestro Dios, sino que inclinó sobre nosotros su misericordia delante de los reyes de Persia, para que se nos diese vida para levantar la casa de nuestro Dios y restaurar sus ruinas, y darnos protección en Judá y en Jerusalén.
10Pero ahora, ¿qué diremos, oh Dios nuestro, después de esto? Porque nosotros hemos dejado tus mandamientos,
11que prescribiste por medio de tus siervos los profetas, diciendo: La tierra a la cual entráis para poseerla, tierra inmunda es a causa de la inmundicia de los pueblos de aquellas regiones, por las abominaciones de que la han llenado de uno a otro extremo con su inmundicia.
12Ahora, pues, no daréis vuestras hijas a los hijos de ellos, ni sus hijas tomaréis para vuestros hijos, ni procuraréis jamás su paz ni su prosperidad; para que seáis fuertes y comáis el bien de la tierra, y la dejéis por heredad a vuestros hijos para siempre.
13Mas después de todo lo que nos ha sobrevenido a causa de nuestras malas obras, y a causa de nuestro gran pecado, ya que tú, Dios nuestro, no nos has castigado de acuerdo con nuestras iniquidades, y nos diste un remanente como este,
14¿hemos de volver a infringir tus mandamientos, y a emparentar con pueblos que cometen estas abominaciones? ¿No te indignarías contra nosotros hasta consumirnos, sin que quedara remanente ni quien escape?
15Oh Jehová Dios de Israel, tú eres justo, puesto que hemos quedado un remanente que ha escapado, como en este día. Henos aquí delante de ti en nuestros delitos; porque no es posible estar en tu presencia a causa de esto.
JOHN GILL BIBLE COMMENTARY
I
Versículo 1
I. Now when these things were done,.... When the captives with Ezra had refreshed themselves, and we…
Now when these things were done,.... When the captives with Ezra had refreshed themselves, and weighed the money and vessels they brought, and put them into the hands of proper persons, and offered sacrifices, and delivered the king's commissions to his lieutenants and governors, and shown his own:
the princes came to me; some of the nobles of Israel, the most religious of them, who were concerned at the corruptions that were among them, though not a sufficient number to reform them:
saying the people of Israel, and the priests, and the Levites, have not separated themselves from the people of the land: but joined with them, though not in idolatrous practices, yet by marrying with them, which might lead them into them:
doing according to their abominations; not serving idols as they did, but imitating them in their marriages: even
of the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites; affinity with many of these was forbidden by an express law, Deuteronomy 7:1 all but the Moabites, Ammonites, and Egyptians, and from these for the same reason they were to abstain; namely, lest they should be drawn into idolatry; that the priests and Levites should do this, who ought to have known the law, and instructed the people better, was very sad and shocking.
II
Versículo 2
II. For they have taken of their daughters for themselves, and for their sorts,.... Some that were wi…
For they have taken of their daughters for themselves, and for their sorts,.... Some that were widowers not only took wives to themselves of the above nations, either when they were of Babylon, where many of these nations also were, or rather since their return; but they took for their sons also; yea, some that had wives took Heathenish ones to them, see Malachi 2:13,
so that the holy seed; such as the Lord had separated from other nations, chosen them to be an holy people above all others, and devoted them to his service and worship:
have mingled themselves with the people of those lands; before mentioned, by marrying with them:
yea, the hand of the princes and rulers hath been chief in this trespass; they were the first that went into it, were ringleaders of it, who should by their authority and example have restrained others; or they were
in this first trespass (i); which was the first gross and capital one the people fell into after their return from the captivity.
(i) "in praevaricatione ista prima", Pagninus, Montanus.
III
Versículo 3
III. And when I heard this thing, I rent my garment and my mantle,.... Both inward and outward garment…
And when I heard this thing, I rent my garment and my mantle,.... Both inward and outward garments, that which was close to his body, and that which was thrown loose over it; and this he did in token of sorrow and mourning, as if something very dreadful and distressing, see Job 1:20
and plucked off the hair of my head and of my beard; did not shave them, and so transgressed not the law in Leviticus 19:27 but plucked off the hair of them, to show his extreme sorrow for what was told him: which has frequently been done by mourners on sorrowful occasions in various nations, see Isaiah 15:2. So in the apocryphal "addition" to Esther,"And laid away her glorious apparel, and put on the garments of anguish and mourning: and instead of precious ointments, she covered her head with ashes and dung, and she humbled her body greatly, and all the places of her joy she filled with her torn hair.'' (Esther 14:2)she is said to fill every place of joy with the tearing of her hair; and Lavinia in Virgil (k); several passages from Homer (l), and other writers, both Greek and Latin, are mentioned by Bochart (m) as instances of it:
and sat down astonished; quite amazed at the ingratitude of the people, that after such favours shown them, in returning them from captivity unto their own land, and settling them there, they should give into practices so contrary to the will of God.
(k) Aeneid. 12. prope finem. Vid. Ciceron. Tusc. Quaest. l. 3.((l) Vid. Iliad. 10. ver. 15. & Iliad. 22. ver. 77, 78, 406. & Iliad. 24. ver. 711. (m) Hierozoic. par. 1. l. 2. c. 45. col. 481.
IV
Versículo 4
IV. There were assembled unto me everyone that trembled at the words of the God of Israel,.... That h…
There were assembled unto me everyone that trembled at the words of the God of Israel,.... That had a reverence for the word of God, and the things contained in it; feared to break the laws of God, and trembled at his judgments, which they might apprehend would come upon transgressors, see Isaiah 46:2,
because of the transgression of those that had been carried away; into Babylon, and were now returned, and which was an aggravation of their transgression:
and I sat astonished until the evening sacrifice: or until the ninth hour, as the Syriac version, which was about our three o'clock in the afternoon, at which time the evening sacrifice was offered; perhaps it was in the morning when Ezra first received his information from the princes.
V
Versículo 5
V. And at the evening sacrifice I rose up from my heaviness,.... The signs and tokens of it, particu…
And at the evening sacrifice I rose up from my heaviness,.... The signs and tokens of it, particularly sitting on the ground; or "from my fasting" (n), having eaten nothing that day, it being early in the morning when he was told the above case:
and having rent my garment and my mantle; which he had done before, and still kept them on him in the same case:
fell upon my knees, and spread out my hands unto the Lord my God; in the posture and with the gesture of an humble supplicant.
(n) "jejunio meo", Michaelis; so Jarchi.
VI
Versículo 6
VI. And said, O my God,.... Here begins the prayer of Ezra, and that with faith in God as covenant Go…
And said, O my God,.... Here begins the prayer of Ezra, and that with faith in God as covenant God, even when he was about to make confession of sin, and repentance for it; that prayer is right which is put up in faith, and that repentance genuine which is accompanied with faith, and flows from it:
I am ashamed, and blush to lift up my face to thee, my God; a true sight and sense of sin causes shame and blushing, and never more than when a man is sensible of his covenant interest in God, and of his grace and favour to him, particularly in the forgiveness of his sin, see Ezekiel 16:61
for our iniquities are increased over our head; arisen and swelled like mighty waters, which seemed to threaten an overwhelming of them:
and our trespass is grown up unto the heavens; being done in an open, public, and insolent manner, and in such numbers, that they were, as it were, piled up in heaps, reaching to heaven, and calling down vengeance from thence. Ezra includes himself as being one of the same nation; and these sins being so common were become national ones, which involved all the individuals, and exposed them to the divine resentment.
VII
Versículo 7
VII. Since the days of our fathers have we been in a great trespass unto this day,.... The sins they w…
Since the days of our fathers have we been in a great trespass unto this day,.... The sins they were guilty of had been long continued in, which was an aggravation of them:
and for our iniquities have we, our kings, and our priests, been delivered into the hand of the kings of the lands; the ten tribes and their king into the hand of the king of Assyria, the kings of Judah, Jehoiakim, Jeconiah, and Zedekiah, into the hands of the king of Babylon, with the priests and people:
to the sword, to captivity, and to a spoil; some were slain with the sword, others carried captive, and the houses of them all plundered and spoiled:
and to confusion of face, as it is this day; being filled with shame when they reflected on their sins, the cause of those evils; and besides, the captivity of the ten tribes continued, and of many others, which exposed them to shame among their neighbours.
VIII
Versículo 8
VIII. And now, for a little space, grace hath been showed from the Lord our God,.... It was but a small…
And now, for a little space, grace hath been showed from the Lord our God,.... It was but a small time since the Lord first began to show favour to them, so that they soon after began to revolt from him; which argued the strange propensity of their minds to that which is evil, and from which they could not be restrained by the recent goodness of God unto them:
to leave us a remnant to escape; out of captivity, from whence a small number were graciously and safely returned to their own land:
and to give us a nail in his holy place; a fixed settlement in the land of Judea, the holy land the Lord had chosen, and in the temple, the holy place sacred to his worship; or a prince of their own, Zerubbabel, to be the governor of them, under whom they might enjoy settled happiness and prosperity, see Isaiah 22:23,
that our God may lighten our eyes; refresh our spirits, cheer our souls, and give us light and gladness, see 1 Samuel 14:27
and give us a little reviving in our bondage; for they were still in some degree of bondage, being in subjection, and tributaries to the kings of Persia; but yet being returned to their own land, it was as life from the dead unto them, at least it was giving them a little life, liberty, and joy.
IX
Versículo 9
IX. For we were bondmen,.... To the Chaldeans when in Babylon, which was more than the Jews in the ti…
For we were bondmen,.... To the Chaldeans when in Babylon, which was more than the Jews in the times of Christ would own, John 8:33,
yet our God hath not forsaken us in our bondage; had not left them to continue in it always:
but hath extended mercy unto us in the sight of the kings of Persia; moved them to have pity and compassion on them, and release them:
to give us a reviving; while in captivity, they were as in their graves, and like the dry bones in Ezekiel's vision, but revived upon the proclamation of Cyrus, and the encouragement he gave them to return to their own land:
to set up the house of our God, and repair the desolations thereof; both to rebuild the temple, and to restore the worship of it:
and to give us a wall in Judah and in Jerusalem; not to set up the walls of Jerusalem, and of other cities, which as yet was not done; but rather the walls of their houses, which they had rebuilt; they had walled houses given them in Judah and Jerusalem; though the word signifies an hedge or fence, such as is about gardens and vineyards, and may denote the protection of the kings of Persia, which was a fence to them against the Samaritans and others; and especially the hedge of divine Providence about them, which guarded and defended them, see Job 1:10.
X
Versículo 10
X. And now, O our God, what shall we say after this?.... What apology or excuse can be made for such…
And now, O our God, what shall we say after this?.... What apology or excuse can be made for such ingratitude? what can be said in favour of such a people? what kindness can be expected to be shown to a people who had behaved in so base a manner?
for we have forsaken thy commandments: particularly those which related to marriages with people of other nations.
XI
Versículo 11
XI. Which thou hast commanded by thy servants the prophets,.... Moses, and Joshua, and others, see De…
Which thou hast commanded by thy servants the prophets,.... Moses, and Joshua, and others, see Deuteronomy 7:3
saying, the land, unto which ye go to possess it; meaning the land of Canaan:
is an unclean land with the filthiness of the people of the lands, with their abominations, which have filled it from one end to another with their uncleanness; which is to be understood not of their idolatries only, but of their incestuous marriages, and impure copulations, on which account the Lord spewed out the old inhabitants of it; for which reason the Jews ought to have been careful not to have defiled it again by similar practices; see Leviticus 18:1.
XII
Versículo 12
XII. Now therefore give not your daughters unto their sons, nor take their daughters unto your sons,..…
Now therefore give not your daughters unto their sons, nor take their daughters unto your sons,.... That is, in marriage, see Deuteronomy 7:3, where the prohibition is expressed in the same language:
nor seek their peace or their wealth for ever; that is, as long as they continue in their idolatries and impurities, see Deuteronomy 23:6,
that ye may be strong, and eat the good of the land, and leave it for an inheritance to your children for ever; that they might be strengthened and established in the land into which they were brought, and enjoy all the good things it produced, and leave their children in the possession of it, to hold at least until the Messiah came, see Isaiah 1:19.
XIII
Versículo 13
XIII. And after all that is come upon us for our evil deeds, and for our great trespass,.... As famine,…
And after all that is come upon us for our evil deeds, and for our great trespass,.... As famine, sword, pestilence, and captivity, for their idolatries and other heinous sins:
seeing that our God hast punished us less than our iniquities deserve; for they deserved eternal punishment, whereas it was temporal punishment that was inflicted, and this moderate, and now stopped; the sense is, according to Aben Ezra,"thou hast refrained from writing some of our sins in the book of remembrance, and thou hast let them down below in the earth, according to the sense of thou wilt cast all their sins into the depths of the sea;''but Jarchi better,"thou hast refrained thyself from exacting of us all our sins, and hast exacted of us beneath our sins (or less than they deserve), and hast not taken vengeance on us according to all our sins:"
and hast given us such deliverance as this; from captivity, which they now enjoyed.
XIV
Versículo 14
XIV. Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the people of these abomination…
Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the people of these abominations?.... That are guilty of abominable idolatries, and of all uncleanness:
wouldest thou not be angry with us till thou hadst consumed us; it might be justly expected:
so that there should be no remnant nor escaping? any left or suffered to escape the wrath of but all consumed by it.
XV
Versículo 15
XV. O Lord God of Israel, thou art righteous,.... And would appear to be so, should Israel be entirel…
O Lord God of Israel, thou art righteous,.... And would appear to be so, should Israel be entirely cut off, and utterly consumed for their iniquities:
for we remain yet escaped, as it is this day; that they remained yet escaped out of captivity, and escaped the wrath and vengeance of God, was not owing to any deserts of theirs, but to the grace and mercy of God, who had not stirred up all his wrath, as their sins deserved:
behold, we are before thee in our trespasses; to do with us as seems good in thy sight; we have nothing to plead on our behalf, but cast ourselves at thy feet, if so be unmerited favour may be shown us:
for we cannot stand before thee because of this; this evil of contracting affinity with the nations; we cannot defend ourselves; we cannot plead ignorance of the divine commands; we have nothing to say for ourselves why judgment should not be passed upon us; we leave ourselves in thine hands, and at thy mercy.
Antiguo Testamento
Ezra — Capítulo 9
INTRODUCTION TO EZRA This book, in the Vulgate Latin and Arabic versions, is called the "First" Book of Ezra, Nehemiah being reckoned the "second"; but with the Jews both were accounted but one book (a); in the Syriac version, it is called the Writing or Book of Ezra the Prophet; and this title is given him, both by Jews (b) and Christians (c); in the Arabic version, it is called the First Book…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Acabadas estas cosas, los príncipes vinieron a mí, diciendo: El pueblo de Israel y los sacerdotes y levitas no se han separado de los pueblos de las tierras, de los cananeos, heteos, ferezeos, jebuseos, amonitas, moabitas, egipcios y amorreos, y hacen conforme a sus abominaciones.
2Porque han tomado de las hijas de ellos para sí y para sus hijos, y el linaje santo ha sido mezclado con los pueblos de las tierras; y la mano de los príncipes y de los gobernadores ha sido la primera en cometer este pecado.
3Cuando oí esto, rasgué mi vestido y mi manto, y arranqué pelo de mi cabeza y de mi barba, y me senté angustiado en extremo.
4Y se me juntaron todos los que temían las palabras del Dios de Israel, a causa de la prevaricación de los del cautiverio; mas yo estuve muy angustiado hasta la hora del sacrificio de la tarde.
5Y a la hora del sacrificio de la tarde me levanté de mi aflicción, y habiendo rasgado mi vestido y mi manto, me postré de rodillas, y extendí mis manos a Jehová mi Dios,
6y dije: Dios mío, confuso y avergonzado estoy para levantar, oh Dios mío, mi rostro a ti, porque nuestras iniquidades se han multiplicado sobre nuestra cabeza, y nuestros delitos han crecido hasta el cielo.
7Desde los días de nuestros padres hasta este día hemos vivido en gran pecado; y por nuestras iniquidades nosotros, nuestros reyes y nuestros sacerdotes hemos sido entregados en manos de los reyes de las tierras, a espada, a cautiverio, a robo, y a vergüenza que cubre nuestro rostro, como hoy día.
8Y ahora por un breve momento ha habido misericordia de parte de Jehová nuestro Dios, para hacer que nos quedase un remanente libre, y para darnos un lugar seguro en su santuario, a fin de alumbrar nuestro Dios nuestros ojos y darnos un poco de vida en nuestra servidumbre.
9Porque siervos somos; mas en nuestra servidumbre no nos ha desamparado nuestro Dios, sino que inclinó sobre nosotros su misericordia delante de los reyes de Persia, para que se nos diese vida para levantar la casa de nuestro Dios y restaurar sus ruinas, y darnos protección en Judá y en Jerusalén.
10Pero ahora, ¿qué diremos, oh Dios nuestro, después de esto? Porque nosotros hemos dejado tus mandamientos,
11que prescribiste por medio de tus siervos los profetas, diciendo: La tierra a la cual entráis para poseerla, tierra inmunda es a causa de la inmundicia de los pueblos de aquellas regiones, por las abominaciones de que la han llenado de uno a otro extremo con su inmundicia.
12Ahora, pues, no daréis vuestras hijas a los hijos de ellos, ni sus hijas tomaréis para vuestros hijos, ni procuraréis jamás su paz ni su prosperidad; para que seáis fuertes y comáis el bien de la tierra, y la dejéis por heredad a vuestros hijos para siempre.
13Mas después de todo lo que nos ha sobrevenido a causa de nuestras malas obras, y a causa de nuestro gran pecado, ya que tú, Dios nuestro, no nos has castigado de acuerdo con nuestras iniquidades, y nos diste un remanente como este,
14¿hemos de volver a infringir tus mandamientos, y a emparentar con pueblos que cometen estas abominaciones? ¿No te indignarías contra nosotros hasta consumirnos, sin que quedara remanente ni quien escape?
15Oh Jehová Dios de Israel, tú eres justo, puesto que hemos quedado un remanente que ha escapado, como en este día. Henos aquí delante de ti en nuestros delitos; porque no es posible estar en tu presencia a causa de esto.
JOHN GILL BIBLE COMMENTARY
Versículo 1
I. Now when these things were done,.... When the captives with Ezra had refreshed themselves, and we…
Versículo 2
II. For they have taken of their daughters for themselves, and for their sorts,.... Some that were wi…
Versículo 3
III. And when I heard this thing, I rent my garment and my mantle,.... Both inward and outward garment…
Versículo 4
IV. There were assembled unto me everyone that trembled at the words of the God of Israel,.... That h…
Versículo 5
V. And at the evening sacrifice I rose up from my heaviness,.... The signs and tokens of it, particu…
Versículo 6
VI. And said, O my God,.... Here begins the prayer of Ezra, and that with faith in God as covenant Go…
Versículo 7
VII. Since the days of our fathers have we been in a great trespass unto this day,.... The sins they w…
Versículo 8
VIII. And now, for a little space, grace hath been showed from the Lord our God,.... It was but a small…
Versículo 9
IX. For we were bondmen,.... To the Chaldeans when in Babylon, which was more than the Jews in the ti…
Versículo 10
X. And now, O our God, what shall we say after this?.... What apology or excuse can be made for such…
Versículo 11
XI. Which thou hast commanded by thy servants the prophets,.... Moses, and Joshua, and others, see De…
Versículo 12
XII. Now therefore give not your daughters unto their sons, nor take their daughters unto your sons,..…
Versículo 13
XIII. And after all that is come upon us for our evil deeds, and for our great trespass,.... As famine,…
Versículo 14
XIV. Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the people of these abomination…
Versículo 15
XV. O Lord God of Israel, thou art righteous,.... And would appear to be so, should Israel be entirel…