Antiguo Testamento

Numbers — Capítulo 29

John Calvin's Commentaries

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1En el séptimo mes, el primero del mes, tendréis santa convocación; ninguna obra de siervos haréis; os será día de sonar las trompetas.

2Y ofreceréis holocausto en olor grato a Jehová, un becerro de la vacada, un carnero, siete corderos de un año sin defecto;

3y la ofrenda de ellos, de flor de harina amasada con aceite, tres décimas de efa con cada becerro, dos décimas con cada carnero,

4y con cada uno de los siete corderos, una décima;

5y un macho cabrío por expiación, para reconciliaros,

6además del holocausto del mes y su ofrenda, y el holocausto continuo y su ofrenda, y sus libaciones conforme a su ley, como ofrenda encendida a Jehová en olor grato.

7En el diez de este mes séptimo tendréis santa convocación, y afligiréis vuestras almas; ninguna obra haréis;

8y ofreceréis en holocausto a Jehová en olor grato, un becerro de la vacada, un carnero, y siete corderos de un año; serán sin defecto.

9Y sus ofrendas, flor de harina amasada con aceite, tres décimas de efa con cada becerro, dos décimas con cada carnero,

10y con cada uno de los siete corderos, una décima;

11y un macho cabrío por expiación; además de la ofrenda de las expiaciones por el pecado, y del holocausto continuo y de sus ofrendas y de sus libaciones.

12También a los quince días del mes séptimo tendréis santa convocación; ninguna obra de siervos haréis, y celebraréis fiesta solemne a Jehová por siete días.

13Y ofreceréis en holocausto, en ofrenda encendida a Jehová en olor grato, trece becerros de la vacada, dos carneros, y catorce corderos de un año; han de ser sin defecto.

14Y las ofrendas de ellos, de flor de harina amasada con aceite, tres décimas de efa con cada uno de los trece becerros, dos décimas con cada uno de los dos carneros,

15y con cada uno de los catorce corderos, una décima;

16y un macho cabrío por expiación, además del holocausto continuo, su ofrenda y su libación.

17El segundo día, doce becerros de la vacada, dos carneros, catorce corderos de un año sin defecto,

18y sus ofrendas y sus libaciones con los becerros, con los carneros y con los corderos, según el número de ellos, conforme a la ley;

19y un macho cabrío por expiación; además del holocausto continuo, y su ofrenda y su libación.

20El día tercero, once becerros, dos carneros, catorce corderos de un año sin defecto;

21y sus ofrendas y sus libaciones con los becerros, con los carneros y con los corderos, según el número de ellos, conforme a la ley;

22y un macho cabrío por expiación, además del holocausto continuo, y su ofrenda y su libación.

23El cuarto día, diez becerros, dos carneros, catorce corderos de un año sin defecto;

24sus ofrendas y sus libaciones con los becerros, con los carneros y con los corderos, según el número de ellos, conforme a la ley;

25y un macho cabrío por expiación; además del holocausto continuo, su ofrenda y su libación.

26El quinto día, nueve becerros, dos carneros, catorce corderos de un año sin defecto;

27y sus ofrendas y sus libaciones con los becerros, con los carneros y con los corderos, según el número de ellos, conforme a la ley;

28y un macho cabrío por expiación, además del holocausto continuo, su ofrenda y su libación.

29El sexto día, ocho becerros, dos carneros, catorce corderos de un año sin defecto;

30y sus ofrendas y sus libaciones con los becerros, con los carneros y con los corderos, según el número de ellos, conforme a la ley;

31y un macho cabrío por expiación, además del holocausto continuo, su ofrenda y su libación.

32El séptimo día, siete becerros, dos carneros, catorce corderos de un año sin defecto;

33y sus ofrendas y sus libaciones con los becerros, con los carneros y con los corderos, según el número de ellos, conforme a la ley;

34y un macho cabrío por expiación, además del holocausto continuo, con su ofrenda y su libación.

35El octavo día tendréis solemnidad; ninguna obra de siervos haréis.

36Y ofreceréis en holocausto, en ofrenda encendida de olor grato a Jehová, un becerro, un carnero, siete corderos de un año sin defecto;

37sus ofrendas y sus libaciones con el becerro, con el carnero y con los corderos, según el número de ellos, conforme a la ley;

38y un macho cabrío por expiación, además del holocausto continuo, con su ofrenda y su libación.

39Estas cosas ofreceréis a Jehová en vuestras fiestas solemnes, además de vuestros votos, y de vuestras ofrendas voluntarias, para vuestros holocaustos, y para vuestras ofrendas, y para vuestras libaciones, y para vuestras ofrendas de paz.

40Y Moisés dijo a los hijos de Israel conforme a todo lo que Jehová le había mandado.

JOHN CALVIN'S COMMENTARIES

Versículo 1

I. And in the seventh month. I have already observed that the festivals are not here (generally) tre…

And in the seventh month. I have already observed that the festivals are not here (generally) treated of, but only the sacrifices, by which their solemnization was to be graced. In the beginning of the seventh month was the memorial, as it was called, of the blowing of trumpets. Because it was a minor festival, Moses only commands one bullock to be killed; but the number was increased on other grounds, for we have already seen that on the first of every month two bullocks were sacrificed. This day, therefore, had three larger victims, whilst the number of the others was doubled, so that there were two rams and fourteen lambs. Thus, then, God consecrated this day doubly to Himself, so that one celebration diminished nothing of the other; else He might have seemed to have abrogated what He had once commanded. The memorial of trumpets was not, then, an abolition of the new-moon, but they kept both ordinances at the same time.

Versículo 7

II. And ye shall have on the tenth day. This was the day of Atonement. For although they never came i…

And ye shall have on the tenth day. This was the day of Atonement. For although they never came into God's presence without supplication for pardon, they then in a special manner confessed their sins, because a fast was appointed in token of their guilt. For thus it is written in Leviticus 23:29, "Whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from among his people." As to the sacrifices, one bullock only is required; the rest is as before, except that an exception is added, which was omitted in the former cases. For another propitiation is appointed besides the goat, to accord with the fact of their affliction. For the acknowledgment of guilt would have been a dreadful torment to their consciences without the hope of reconciliation. The reason of this sacrifice will be soon explained.

Versículo 12

III. And on the fifteenth, day. Amongst their festivals this last was the chief [240] in which they dw…

And on the fifteenth, day. Amongst their festivals this last was the chief [240] in which they dwelt in tabernacles for seven days; for whereas in the Passover they commemorated the night in which they came forth free from the plagues of Egypt, by dwelling in tabernacles they embraced the whole forty years in which their fathers in the desert experienced the constant and consummate bounty of God. That solemn convention, too, availed for another present purpose, i.e., of thanksgiving to God for the ingathering of the harvest. Hence it was that they offered sacrifices every day and in greater number: on the first day, thirteen bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs; on the second, twelve bullocks; on the third, eleven; on the fourth, ten; on the fifth, nine; on the sixth, eight; finally, on the seventh, seven; and on the eighth, one. Nor is it carelessly that Moses expends so many words on the recital; first, that nothing might be done except at God's command; secondly, lest it should be disagreeable or onerous to be at such great expense, which they would have gladly avoided. Wherefore, that they might cheerfully obey God's command, he diligently inculcates what victims God would have daily offered to Him. But why the distribution was so unequal, I confess, is not clear to me, and it is better to confess my ignorance than by too subtle speculations to vanish into mere smoke. [241] This notion, indeed, is neither curious nor to be rejected, i.e., that, by daily diminishing the number, they came at last on the seventh day to the number seven, which is the symbol of perfection; for the eighth was superadded, merely as a conclusion. Finally, Moses subjoins that in the continual sacrifice, as well as these extraordinary ones, they should hold fast to what God prescribes, so that nothing should be altered according to man's fancy. The sacrifices which depend on the Commandments of the Second Table, I have designedly postponed to their proper place. Footnotes: [240] "La plus authentique." -- Fr. [241] Scott's conjecture is not without force: "The decrease of the number of the bullocks which were sacrificed on the several days of the feast, until on the last and great day only one was offered, is the most observable circumstance in this law. The reason is not evident, unless it be intimated that the Mosaic institution would gradually wax old, and at length vanish away when the promised Messiah came. (Hebrews 8:7-13.)" As a specimen of the ancient opinions, I subjoin the following, -- "The Hebrews say that the offerings were made for other nations; and, therefore, seventy calves were offered altogether, according to the number of the seventy nations, divided into seventy languages. But fourteen calves were offered on the first day, and on the second day thirteen, thus decreasing one every day to the last inclusive; by which is designated that the dominion of the Gentiles was to be diminished and terminated under King Messiah, to whom all nations are to be subdued," etc. -- De Lyra, in loco.

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Versículo 12