Antiguo Testamento

Leviticus — Capítulo 23

OF SUNDRY FEASTS. (Lev 23:1-4) Speak unto the children of Israel, . . . concerning the feasts of the Lord--literally, "the times of assembling, or solemnities" (Isa 33:20); and this is a preferable rendering, applicab…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Habló Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

2Habla a los hijos de Israel y diles: Las fiestas solemnes de Jehová, las cuales proclamaréis como santas convocaciones, serán estas:

3Seis días se trabajará, mas el séptimo día será de reposo, santa convocación; ningún trabajo haréis; día de reposo es de Jehová en dondequiera que habitéis.

4Estas son las fiestas solemnes de Jehová, las convocaciones santas, a las cuales convocaréis en sus tiempos:

5En el mes primero, a los catorce del mes, entre las dos tardes, pascua es de Jehová.

6Y a los quince días de este mes es la fiesta solemne de los panes sin levadura a Jehová; siete días comeréis panes sin levadura.

7El primer día tendréis santa convocación; ningún trabajo de siervos haréis.

8Y ofreceréis a Jehová siete días ofrenda encendida; el séptimo día será santa convocación; ningún trabajo de siervo haréis.

9Y habló Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

10Habla a los hijos de Israel y diles: Cuando hayáis entrado en la tierra que yo os doy, y seguéis su mies, traeréis al sacerdote una gavilla por primicia de los primeros frutos de vuestra siega.

11Y el sacerdote mecerá la gavilla delante de Jehová, para que seáis aceptos; el día siguiente del día de reposo la mecerá.

12Y el día que ofrezcáis la gavilla, ofreceréis un cordero de un año, sin defecto, en holocausto a Jehová.

13Su ofrenda será dos décimas de efa de flor de harina amasada con aceite, ofrenda encendida a Jehová en olor gratísimo; y su libación será de vino, la cuarta parte de un hin.

14No comeréis pan, ni grano tostado, ni espiga fresca, hasta este mismo día, hasta que hayáis ofrecido la ofrenda de vuestro Dios; estatuto perpetuo es por vuestras edades en dondequiera que habitéis.

15Y contaréis desde el día que sigue al día de reposo, desde el día en que ofrecisteis la gavilla de la ofrenda mecida; siete semanas cumplidas serán.

16Hasta el día siguiente del séptimo día de reposo contaréis cincuenta días; entonces ofreceréis el nuevo grano a Jehová.

17De vuestras habitaciones traeréis dos panes para ofrenda mecida, que serán de dos décimas de efa de flor de harina, cocidos con levadura, como primicias para Jehová.

18Y ofreceréis con el pan siete corderos de un año, sin defecto, un becerro de la vacada, y dos carneros; serán holocausto a Jehová, con su ofrenda y sus libaciones, ofrenda encendida de olor grato para Jehová.

19Ofreceréis además un macho cabrío por expiación, y dos corderos de un año en sacrificio de ofrenda de paz.

20Y el sacerdote los presentará como ofrenda mecida delante de Jehová, con el pan de las primicias y los dos corderos; serán cosa sagrada a Jehová para el sacerdote.

21Y convocaréis en este mismo día santa convocación; ningún trabajo de siervos haréis; estatuto perpetuo en dondequiera que habitéis por vuestras generaciones.

22Cuando segareis la mies de vuestra tierra, no segaréis hasta el último rincón de ella, ni espigarás tu siega; para el pobre y para el extranjero la dejarás. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.

23Y habló Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

24Habla a los hijos de Israel y diles: En el mes séptimo, al primero del mes tendréis día de reposo, una conmemoración al son de trompetas, y una santa convocación.

25Ningún trabajo de siervos haréis; y ofreceréis ofrenda encendida a Jehová.

26También habló Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

27A los diez días de este mes séptimo será el día de expiación; tendréis santa convocación, y afligiréis vuestras almas, y ofreceréis ofrenda encendida a Jehová.

28Ningún trabajo haréis en este día; porque es día de expiación, para reconciliaros delante de Jehová vuestro Dios.

29Porque toda persona que no se afligiere en este mismo día, será cortada de su pueblo.

30Y cualquiera persona que hiciere trabajo alguno en este día, yo destruiré a la tal persona de entre su pueblo.

31Ningún trabajo haréis; estatuto perpetuo es por vuestras generaciones en dondequiera que habitéis.

32Día de reposo será a vosotros, y afligiréis vuestras almas, comenzando a los nueve días del mes en la tarde; de tarde a tarde guardaréis vuestro reposo.

33Y habló Jehová a Moisés, diciendo:

34Habla a los hijos de Israel y diles: A los quince días de este mes séptimo será la fiesta solemne de los tabernáculos a Jehová por siete días.

35El primer día habrá santa convocación; ningún trabajo de siervos haréis.

36Siete días ofreceréis ofrenda encendida a Jehová; el octavo día tendréis santa convocación, y ofreceréis ofrenda encendida a Jehová; es fiesta, ningún trabajo de siervos haréis.

37Estas son las fiestas solemnes de Jehová, a las que convocaréis santas reuniones, para ofrecer ofrenda encendida a Jehová, holocausto y ofrenda, sacrificio y libaciones, cada cosa en su tiempo,

38además de los días de reposo de Jehová, de vuestros dones, de todos vuestros votos, y de todas vuestras ofrendas voluntarias que acostumbráis dar a Jehová.

39Pero a los quince días del mes séptimo, cuando hayáis recogido el fruto de la tierra, haréis fiesta a Jehová por siete días; el primer día será de reposo, y el octavo día será también día de reposo.

40Y tomaréis el primer día ramas con fruto de árbol hermoso, ramas de palmeras, ramas de árboles frondosos, y sauces de los arroyos, y os regocijaréis delante de Jehová vuestro Dios por siete días.

41Y le haréis fiesta a Jehová por siete días cada año; será estatuto perpetuo por vuestras generaciones; en el mes séptimo la haréis.

42En tabernáculos habitaréis siete días; todo natural de Israel habitará en tabernáculos,

43para que sepan vuestros descendientes que en tabernáculos hice yo habitar a los hijos de Israel cuando los saqué de la tierra de Egipto. Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.

44Así habló Moisés a los hijos de Israel sobre las fiestas solemnes de Jehová.

JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 3

I. Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest--(See on Exo 20:8). The S…

Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest--(See on Exo 20:8). The Sabbath has the precedence given to it, and it was to be "a holy convocation," observed by families "in their dwellings"; where practicable, by the people repairing to the door of the tabernacle; at later periods, by meeting in the schools of the prophets, and in synagogues.

Versículo 4

II. These are the feasts of the Lord, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons--Their observance took…

These are the feasts of the Lord, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons--Their observance took place in the parts of the year corresponding to our March, May, and September. Divine wisdom was manifested in fixing them at those periods; in winter, when the days were short and the roads broken up, a long journey was impracticable; while in summer the harvest and vintage gave busy employment in the fields. Besides, another reason for the choice of those seasons probably was to counteract the influence of Egyptian associations and habits. And God appointed more sacred festivals for the Israelites in the month of September than the people of Egypt had in honor of their idols. These institutions, however, were for the most part prospective, the observance being not binding on the Israelites during their wanderings in the wilderness, while the regular celebration was not to commence till their settlement in Canaan.

Versículo 5

III. THE PASSOVER. (Lev 23:5-8)

THE PASSOVER. (Lev 23:5-8) the Lord's passover--(See Exo 12:2, Exo 12:14, Exo 12:18). The institution of the passover was intended to be a perpetual memorial of the circumstances attending the redemption of the Israelites, while it had a typical reference to a greater redemption to be effected for God's spiritual people. On the first and last days of this feast, the people were forbidden to work [Lev 23:7-8]; but while on the Sabbath they were not to do any work, on feast days they were permitted to dress meat--and hence the prohibition is restricted to "no servile work." At the same time, those two days were devoted to "holy convocation"--special seasons of social devotion. In addition to the ordinary sacrifices of every day, there were to be "offerings by fire" on the altar (see Num 28:19), while unleavened bread was to be eaten in families all the seven days (see Co1 5:8).

Versículo 10

IV. THE SHEAF OF FIRST FRUITS. (Lev 23:9-14)

THE SHEAF OF FIRST FRUITS. (Lev 23:9-14) ye shall bring a sheaf of the first-fruits of your harvest unto the priest--A sheaf, literally, an omer, of the first-fruits of the barley harvest. The barley being sooner ripe than the other grains, the reaping of it formed the commencement of the general harvest season. The offering described in this passage was made on the sixteenth of the first month, the day following the first Passover Sabbath, which was on the fifteenth (corresponding to the beginning of our April); but it was reaped after sunset on the previous evening by persons deputed to go with sickles and obtain samples from different fields. These, being laid together in a sheaf or loose bundle, were brought to the court of the temple, where the grain was winnowed, parched, and bruised in a mortar. Then, after some incense had been sprinkled on it, the priest waved the sheaf aloft before the Lord towards the four different points of the compass, took a part of it and threw it into the fire of the altar--all the rest being reserved to himself. It was a proper and beautiful act, expressive of dependence on the God of nature and providence--common among all people, but more especially becoming the Israelites, who owed their land itself as well as all it produced to the divine bounty. The offering of the wave-sheaf sanctified the whole harvest (Rom 11:16). At the same time, this feast had a typical character, and pre-intimated the resurrection of Christ (Co1 15:20), who rose from the dead on the very day the first-fruits were offered.

Versículo 15

V. FEAST OF PENTECOST. (Lev 23:15-22)

FEAST OF PENTECOST. (Lev 23:15-22) ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath--that is, after the first day of the passover week, which was observed as a Sabbath.

Versículo 16

VI. number fifty days--The forty-ninth day after the presentation of the first-fruits, or the fiftiet…

number fifty days--The forty-ninth day after the presentation of the first-fruits, or the fiftieth, including it, was the feast of Pentecost. (See also Exo 23:16; Deu 16:9).

Versículo 17

VII. Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals, &c.--These loaves were…

Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals, &c.--These loaves were made of "fine" or wheaten flour, the quantity contained in them being somewhat more than ten pounds in weight. As the wave-sheaf gave the signal for the commencement, the two loaves solemnized the termination of the harvest season. They were the first-fruits of that season, being offered unto the Lord by the priest in name of the whole nation. (See Exo 34:22). The loaves used at the Passover were unleavened; those presented at Pentecost were leavened--a difference which is thus accounted for, that the one was a memorial of the bread hastily prepared at their departure, while the other was a tribute of gratitude to God for their daily food, which was leavened.

Versículo 21

VIII. ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do n…

ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein--Though it extended over a week, the first day only was held as a Sabbath, both for the national offering of first-fruits and a memorial of the giving of the law.

Versículo 22

IX. thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, &c.--(See on Le…

thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, &c.--(See on Lev 19:9). The repetition of this law here probably arose from the priests reminding the people, at the presentation of the first-fruits, to unite piety to God with charity to the poor.

Versículo 24

X. FEAST OF TRUMPETS. (Lev 23:23-25)

FEAST OF TRUMPETS. (Lev 23:23-25) In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath--That was the first day of the ancient civil year. a memorial of blowing of trumpets--Jewish writers say that the trumpets were sounded thirty successive times, and the reason for the institution was for the double purpose of announcing the commencement of the new year, which was (Lev 23:25) to be religiously observed (see Num 29:3), and of preparing the people for the approaching solemn feast.

Versículo 27

XI. there shall be a day of atonement . . . and ye shall afflict your souls--an unusual festival, at …

there shall be a day of atonement . . . and ye shall afflict your souls--an unusual festival, at which the sins of the whole year were expiated. (See Lev 16:29-34). It is here only stated that the severest penalty was incurred by the violation of this day.

Versículo 34

XII. the feast of tabernacles, for seven days unto the Lord--This festival, which was instituted in gr…

the feast of tabernacles, for seven days unto the Lord--This festival, which was instituted in grateful commemoration of the Israelites having securely dwelt in booths or tabernacles in the wilderness, was the third of the three great annual festivals, and, like the other two, it lasted a week. It began on the fifteenth day of the month, corresponding to the end of our September and beginning of October, which was observed as a Sabbath; and it could be celebrated only at the place of the sanctuary, offerings being made on the altar every day of its continuance. The Jews were commanded during the whole period of the festival to dwell in booths, which were erected on the flat roofs of houses, in the streets or fields; and the trees made use of are by some stated to be the citron, the palm, the myrtle, and the willow, while others maintain the people were allowed to take any trees they could obtain that were distinguished for verdure and fragrance. While the solid branches were reserved for the construction of the booths, the lighter branches were carried by men, who marched in triumphal procession, singing psalms and crying "Hosanna!" which signifies, "Save, we beseech thee!" (Psa 118:15, Psa 118:25-26). It was a season of great rejoicing. But the ceremony of drawing water from the pool, which was done on the last day, seems to have been the introduction of a later period (Joh 7:37). That last day was the eighth, and, on account of the scene at Siloam, was called "the great day of the feast." The feast of ingathering, when the vintage was over, was celebrated also on that day [Exo 23:16; Exo 34:22], and, as the conclusion of one of the great festivals, it was kept as a sabbath. Next: Leviticus Chapter 24

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