Antiguo Testamento

Job — Capítulo 3

JOB CURSES THE DAY OF HIS BIRTH AND WISHES FOR DEATH. (Job 3:1-19) opened his mouth--The Orientals speak seldom, and then sententiously; hence this formula expressing deliberation and gravity (Psa 78:2). He formally b…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Después de esto abrió Job su boca, y maldijo su día.

2Y exclamó Job, y dijo:

3Perezca el día en que yo nací, Y la noche en que se dijo: Varón es concebido.

4Sea aquel día sombrío, Y no cuide de él Dios desde arriba, Ni claridad sobre él resplandezca.

5Aféenlo tinieblas y sombra de muerte; Repose sobre él nublado Que lo haga horrible como día caliginoso.

6Ocupe aquella noche la oscuridad; No sea contada entre los días del año, Ni venga en el número de los meses.

7¡Oh, que fuera aquella noche solitaria, Que no viniera canción alguna en ella!

8Maldíganla los que maldicen el día, Los que se aprestan para despertar a Leviatán.

9Oscurézcanse las estrellas de su alba; Espere la luz, y no venga, Ni vea los párpados de la mañana;

10Por cuanto no cerró las puertas del vientre donde yo estaba, Ni escondió de mis ojos la miseria.

11¿Por qué no morí yo en la matriz, O expiré al salir del vientre?

12¿Por qué me recibieron las rodillas? ¿Y a qué los pechos para que mamase?

13Pues ahora estaría yo muerto, y reposaría; Dormiría, y entonces tendría descanso,

14Con los reyes y con los consejeros de la tierra, Que reedifican para sí ruinas;

15O con los príncipes que poseían el oro, Que llenaban de plata sus casas.

16¿Por qué no fui escondido como abortivo, Como los pequeñitos que nunca vieron la luz?

17Allí los impíos dejan de perturbar, Y allí descansan los de agotadas fuerzas.

18Allí también reposan los cautivos; No oyen la voz del capataz.

19Allí están el chico y el grande, Y el siervo libre de su señor.

20¿Por qué se da luz al trabajado, Y vida a los de ánimo amargado,

21Que esperan la muerte, y ella no llega, Aunque la buscan más que tesoros;

22Que se alegran sobremanera, Y se gozan cuando hallan el sepulcro?

23¿Por qué se da vida al hombre que no sabe por dónde ha de ir, Y a quien Dios ha encerrado?

24Pues antes que mi pan viene mi suspiro, Y mis gemidos corren como aguas.

25Porque el temor que me espantaba me ha venido, Y me ha acontecido lo que yo temía.

26No he tenido paz, no me aseguré, ni estuve reposado; No obstante, me vino turbación.

JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 2

I. spake--Hebrew, "answered," that is, not to any actual question that preceded, but to the question…

spake--Hebrew, "answered," that is, not to any actual question that preceded, but to the question virtually involved in the case. His outburst is singularly wild and bold (Jer 20:14). To desire to die so as to be free from sin is a mark of grace; to desire to die so as to escape troubles is a mark of corruption. He was ill-fitted to die who was so unwilling to live. But his trials were greater, and his light less, than ours.

Versículo 3

II. the night in which--rather "the night which said." The words in italics are not in the Hebrew. Ni…

the night in which--rather "the night which said." The words in italics are not in the Hebrew. Night is personified and poetically made to speak. So in Job 3:7, and in Psa 19:2. The birth of a male in the East is a matter of joy; often not so of a female.

Versículo 4

III. let not God regard it--rather, more poetically, "seek it out." "Let not God stoop from His bright…

let not God regard it--rather, more poetically, "seek it out." "Let not God stoop from His bright throne to raise it up from its dark hiding-place." The curse on the day in Job 3:3, is amplified in Job 3:4-5; that on the night, in Job 3:6-10.

Versículo 5

IV. Let . . . the shadow of death--("deepest darkness," Isa 9:2).

Let . . . the shadow of death--("deepest darkness," Isa 9:2). stain it--This is a later sense of the verb [GESENIUS]; better the old and more poetic idea, "Let darkness (the ancient night of chaotic gloom) resume its rights over light (Gen 1:2), and claim that day as its own." a cloud--collectively, a gathered mass of dark clouds. the blackness of the day terrify it--literally, "the obscurations"; whatever darkens the day [GESENIUS]. The verb in Hebrew expresses sudden terrifying. May it be suddenly affrighted at its own darkness. UMBREIT explains it as "magical incantations that darken the day," forming the climax to the previous clauses; Job 3:8 speaks of "cursers of the day" similarly. But the former view is simpler. Others refer it to the poisonous simoom wind.

Versículo 6

V. seize upon it--as its prey, that is, utterly dissolve it.

seize upon it--as its prey, that is, utterly dissolve it. joined unto the days of the year--rather, by poetic personification, "Let it not rejoice in the circle of days and nights and months, which form the circle of years."

Versículo 7

VI. solitary--rather, "unfruitful." "Would that it had not given birth to me."

solitary--rather, "unfruitful." "Would that it had not given birth to me."

Versículo 8

VII. them . . . curse the day--If "mourning" be the right rendering in the latter clause of this verse…

them . . . curse the day--If "mourning" be the right rendering in the latter clause of this verse, these words refer to the hired mourners of the dead (Jer 9:17). But the Hebrew for "mourning" elsewhere always denotes an animal, whether it be the crocodile or some huge serpent (Isa 27:1), such as is meant by "leviathan." Therefore, the expression, "cursers of day," refers to magicians, who were believed to be able by charms to make a day one of evil omen. (So Balaam, Num 22:5). This accords with UMBREIT'S view (Job 3:7); or to the Ethiopians and Atlantes, who "used to curse the sun at his rising for burning up them and their country" [HERODOTUS]. Necromancers claimed power to control or rouse wild beasts at will, as do the Indian serpent-charmers of our day (Psa 58:5). Job does not say they had the power they claimed; but, supposing they had, may they curse the day. SCHUTTENS renders it by supplying words as follows:--Let those that are ready for anything, call it (the day) the raiser up of leviathan, that is, of a host of evils.

Versículo 9

VIII. dawning of the day--literally, "eyelashes of morning." The Arab poets call the sun the eye of day…

dawning of the day--literally, "eyelashes of morning." The Arab poets call the sun the eye of day. His early rays, therefore, breaking forth before sunrise, are the opening eyelids or eyelashes of morning.

Versículo 12

IX. Why did the knees prevent me?--Old English for "anticipate my wants." The reference is to the sol…

Why did the knees prevent me?--Old English for "anticipate my wants." The reference is to the solemn recognition of a new-born child by the father, who used to place it on his knees as his own, whom he was bound to rear (Gen 30:3; Gen 50:23; Isa 66:12).

Versículo 13

X. lain . . . quiet . . . slept--a gradation. I should not only have lain, but been quiet, and not o…

lain . . . quiet . . . slept--a gradation. I should not only have lain, but been quiet, and not only been quiet, but slept. Death in Scripture is called "sleep" (Psa 13:3); especially in the New Testament, where the resurrection-awakening is more clearly set forth (Co1 15:51; Th1 4:14; Th1 5:10).

Versículo 14

XI. With kings . . . which built desolate places for themselves--who built up for themselves what pro…

With kings . . . which built desolate places for themselves--who built up for themselves what proved to be (not palaces, but) ruins! The wounded spirit of Job, once a great emir himself, sick of the vain struggles of mortal great men, after grandeur, contemplates the palaces of kings, now desolate heaps of ruins. His regarding the repose of death the most desirable end of the great ones of earth, wearied with heaping up perishable treasures, marks the irony that breaks out from the black clouds of melancholy [UMBREIT]. The "for themselves" marks their selfishness. MICHAELIS explains it weakly of mausoleums, such as are found still, of stupendous proportions, in the ruins of Petra of Idumea.

Versículo 15

XII. filled their houses with silver--Some take this to refer to the treasures which the ancients used…

filled their houses with silver--Some take this to refer to the treasures which the ancients used to bury with their dead. But see Job 3:26.

Versículo 16

XIII. untimely birth-- (Psa 58:8); preferable to the life of the restless miser (Ecc 6:3-5).

untimely birth-- (Psa 58:8); preferable to the life of the restless miser (Ecc 6:3-5).

Versículo 17

XIV. the wicked--the original meaning, "those ever restless," "full of desires" (Isa 57:20-21).

the wicked--the original meaning, "those ever restless," "full of desires" (Isa 57:20-21). the weary--literally, "those whose strength is wearied out" (Rev 14:13).

Versículo 18

XV. There the prisoners rest--from their chains.

There the prisoners rest--from their chains.

Versículo 19

16. servant--The slave is there manumitted from slavery.

servant--The slave is there manumitted from slavery.

Versículo 20

17. HE COMPLAINS OF LIFE BECAUSE OF HIS ANGUISH. (Job 3:20-26)

HE COMPLAINS OF LIFE BECAUSE OF HIS ANGUISH. (Job 3:20-26) Wherefore giveth he light--namely, God; often omitted reverentially (Job 24:23; Ecc 9:9). Light, that is, life. The joyful light ill suits the mourners. The grave is most in unison with their feelings.

Versículo 23

18. whose way is hid--The picture of Job is drawn from a wanderer who has lost his way, and who is he…

whose way is hid--The picture of Job is drawn from a wanderer who has lost his way, and who is hedged in, so as to have no exit of escape (Hos 2:6; Lam 3:7, Lam 3:9).

Versículo 24

19. my sighing cometh before I eat--that is, prevents my eating [UMBREIT]; or, conscious that the eff…

my sighing cometh before I eat--that is, prevents my eating [UMBREIT]; or, conscious that the effort to eat brought on the disease, Job must sigh before eating [ROSENMULLER]; or, sighing takes the place of good (Psa 42:3) [GOOD]. But the first explanation accords best with the text. my roarings are poured out like the waters--an image from the rushing sound of water streaming.

Versículo 25

20. the thing which I . . . feared is come upon me--In the beginning of his trials, when he heard of …

the thing which I . . . feared is come upon me--In the beginning of his trials, when he heard of the loss of one blessing, he feared the loss of another; and when he heard of the loss of that, he feared the loss of a third. that which I was afraid of is come unto me--namely, the ill opinion of his friends, as though he were a hypocrite on account of his trials.

Versículo 26

21. I was not in safety . . . yet trouble came--referring, not to his former state, but to the beginn…

I was not in safety . . . yet trouble came--referring, not to his former state, but to the beginning of his troubles. From that time I had no rest, there was no intermission of sorrows. "And" (not, "yet") a fresh trouble is coming, namely, my friends' suspicion of my being a hypocrite. This gives the starting-point to the whole ensuing controversy. Next: Job Chapter 4

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