CONTINUATION OF THE PROPHECY IN THE THIRTIETH CHAPTER. (Jer. 31:1-40) At the same time--"In the latter days" (Jer 30:24). the God of--manifesting My grace to (Gen 17:7; Mat 22:32; Rev 21:3). all . . . Israel--not the …
1En aquel tiempo, dice Jehová, yo seré por Dios a todas las familias de Israel, y ellas me serán a mí por pueblo.
2Así ha dicho Jehová: El pueblo que escapó de la espada halló gracia en el desierto, cuando Israel iba en busca de reposo.
3Jehová se manifestó a mí hace ya mucho tiempo, diciendo: Con amor eterno te he amado; por tanto, te prolongué mi misericordia.
4Aún te edificaré, y serás edificada, oh virgen de Israel; todavía serás adornada con tus panderos, y saldrás en alegres danzas.
5Aún plantarás viñas en los montes de Samaria; plantarán los que plantan, y disfrutarán de ellas.
6Porque habrá día en que clamarán los guardas en el monte de Efraín: Levantaos, y subamos a Sion, a Jehová nuestro Dios.
7Porque así ha dicho Jehová: Regocijaos en Jacob con alegría, y dad voces de júbilo a la cabeza de naciones; haced oír, alabad, y decid: Oh Jehová, salva a tu pueblo, el remanente de Israel.
8He aquí yo los hago volver de la tierra del norte, y los reuniré de los fines de la tierra, y entre ellos ciegos y cojos, la mujer que está encinta y la que dio a luz juntamente; en gran compañía volverán acá.
9Irán con lloro, mas con misericordia los haré volver, y los haré andar junto a arroyos de aguas, por camino derecho en el cual no tropezarán; porque soy a Israel por padre, y Efraín es mi primogénito.
10Oíd palabra de Jehová, oh naciones, y hacedlo saber en las costas que están lejos, y decid: El que esparció a Israel lo reunirá y guardará, como el pastor a su rebaño.
11Porque Jehová redimió a Jacob, lo redimió de mano del más fuerte que él.
12Y vendrán con gritos de gozo en lo alto de Sion, y correrán al bien de Jehová, al pan, al vino, al aceite, y al ganado de las ovejas y de las vacas; y su alma será como huerto de riego, y nunca más tendrán dolor.
13Entonces la virgen se alegrará en la danza, los jóvenes y los viejos juntamente; y cambiaré su lloro en gozo, y los consolaré, y los alegraré de su dolor.
14Y el alma del sacerdote satisfaré con abundancia, y mi pueblo será saciado de mi bien, dice Jehová.
15Así ha dicho Jehová: Voz fue oída en Ramá, llanto y lloro amargo; Raquel que lamenta por sus hijos, y no quiso ser consolada acerca de sus hijos, porque perecieron.
16Así ha dicho Jehová: Reprime del llanto tu voz, y de las lágrimas tus ojos; porque salario hay para tu trabajo, dice Jehová, y volverán de la tierra del enemigo.
17Esperanza hay también para tu porvenir, dice Jehová, y los hijos volverán a su propia tierra.
18Escuchando, he oído a Efraín que se lamentaba: Me azotaste, y fui castigado como novillo indómito; conviérteme, y seré convertido, porque tú eres Jehová mi Dios.
19Porque después que me aparté tuve arrepentimiento, y después que reconocí mi falta, herí mi muslo; me avergoncé y me confundí, porque llevé la afrenta de mi juventud.
20¿No es Efraín hijo precioso para mí? ¿no es niño en quien me deleito? pues desde que hablé de él, me he acordado de él constantemente. Por eso mis entrañas se conmovieron por él; ciertamente tendré de él misericordia, dice Jehová.
21Establécete señales, ponte majanos altos, nota atentamente la calzada; vuélvete por el camino por donde fuiste, virgen de Israel, vuelve a estas tus ciudades.
22¿Hasta cuándo andarás errante, oh hija contumaz? Porque Jehová creará una cosa nueva sobre la tierra: la mujer rodeará al varón.
23Así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos, Dios de Israel: Aún dirán esta palabra en la tierra de Judá y en sus ciudades, cuando yo haga volver sus cautivos: Jehová te bendiga, oh morada de justicia, oh monte santo.
24Y habitará allí Judá, y también en todas sus ciudades labradores, y los que van con rebaño.
25Porque satisfaré al alma cansada, y saciaré a toda alma entristecida.
26En esto me desperté, y vi, y mi sueño me fue agradable.
27He aquí vienen días, dice Jehová, en que sembraré la casa de Israel y la casa de Judá de simiente de hombre y de simiente de animal.
28Y así como tuve cuidado de ellos para arrancar y derribar, y trastornar y perder y afligir, tendré cuidado de ellos para edificar y plantar, dice Jehová.
29En aquellos días no dirán más: Los padres comieron las uvas agrias y los dientes de los hijos tienen la dentera,
30sino que cada cual morirá por su propia maldad; los dientes de todo hombre que comiere las uvas agrias, tendrán la dentera.
31He aquí que vienen días, dice Jehová, en los cuales haré nuevo pacto con la casa de Israel y con la casa de Judá.
32No como el pacto que hice con sus padres el día que tomé su mano para sacarlos de la tierra de Egipto; porque ellos invalidaron mi pacto, aunque fui yo un marido para ellos, dice Jehová.
33Pero este es el pacto que haré con la casa de Israel después de aquellos días, dice Jehová: Daré mi ley en su mente, y la escribiré en su corazón; y yo seré a ellos por Dios, y ellos me serán por pueblo.
34Y no enseñará más ninguno a su prójimo, ni ninguno a su hermano, diciendo: Conoce a Jehová; porque todos me conocerán, desde el más pequeño de ellos hasta el más grande, dice Jehová; porque perdonaré la maldad de ellos, y no me acordaré más de su pecado.
35Así ha dicho Jehová, que da el sol para luz del día, las leyes de la luna y de las estrellas para luz de la noche, que parte el mar, y braman sus ondas; Jehová de los ejércitos es su nombre:
36Si faltaren estas leyes delante de mí, dice Jehová, también la descendencia de Israel faltará para no ser nación delante de mí eternamente.
37Así ha dicho Jehová: Si los cielos arriba se pueden medir, y explorarse abajo los fundamentos de la tierra, también yo desecharé toda la descendencia de Israel por todo lo que hicieron, dice Jehová.
38He aquí que vienen días, dice Jehová, en que la ciudad será edificada a Jehová, desde la torre de Hananeel hasta la puerta del Ángulo.
39Y saldrá más allá el cordel de la medida delante de él sobre el collado de Gareb, y rodeará a Goa.
40Y todo el valle de los cuerpos muertos y de la ceniza, y todas las llanuras hasta el arroyo de Cedrón, hasta la esquina de la puerta de los caballos al oriente, será santo a Jehová; no será arrancada ni destruida más para siempre.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
I
Versículo 2
I. Upon the grace manifested to Israel "in the wilderness" God grounds His argument for renewing His…
Upon the grace manifested to Israel "in the wilderness" God grounds His argument for renewing His favors to them now in their exile; because His covenant is "everlasting" (Jer 31:3), and changes not. The same argument occurs in Hos 13:5, Hos 13:9-10; Hos 14:4-5, Hos 14:8. Babylon is fitly compared to the "wilderness," as in both alike Israel was as a stranger far from his appointed "rest" or home, and Babylon is in Isa 40:3 called a "desert" (compare Jer 50:12).
I went to cause him to rest--namely, in the pillar of cloud and fire, the symbol of God's presence, which went before Israel to search a resting-place (Num 10:33; Isa 63:14) for the people, both a temporary one at each halt in the wilderness, and a permanent one in Canaan (Exo 33:14; Deu 3:20; Jos 21:44; Psa 95:11; Heb 3:11).
II
Versículo 3
II. Israel gratefully acknowledges in reply God's past grace; but at the same time tacitly implies by…
Israel gratefully acknowledges in reply God's past grace; but at the same time tacitly implies by the expression "of old," that God does not appear to her now. "God appeared to me of old, but now I am forsaken!" God replies, Nay, I love thee with the same love now as of old. My love was not a momentary impulse, but from "everlasting" in My counsels, and to "everlasting" in its continuance; hence originated the covenant whereby I gratuitously adopted thee (Mal 1:2; Rom 11:28-29). Margin translates, "from afar," which does not answer so well as "of old," to "in the wilderness" (Jer 31:2), which refers to the olden times of Israel's history.
with loving kindness . . . drawn-- (Hos 11:4). Rather, "I have drawn out continually My loving kindness toward thee." So Psa 36:10, "Continue (Margin, 'Draw out at length') Thy loving kindness." By virtue of My everlasting love I will still extend My loving kindness to thee. So Isa 44:21, "O Israel, thou shalt not be forgotten of Me."
III
Versículo 4
III. I will build . . . thou shalt be built--The combination of the active and passive to express the …
I will build . . . thou shalt be built--The combination of the active and passive to express the same fact implies the infallible certainty of its accomplishment. "Build," that is, establish in prosperity (Jer 33:7).
adorned with . . . tabrets-- (Sa1 18:6). Or, "adorn thyself with thy timbrels"; used by damsels on occasions of public rejoicings (Exo 15:20; Jdg 11:34). Israel had cast away all instruments of joy in her exile (Psa 137:4).
dances--holy joy, not carnal mirth.
IV
Versículo 5
IV. Samaria--the metropolis of the ten tribes; here equivalent to Israel. The mountainous nature of t…
Samaria--the metropolis of the ten tribes; here equivalent to Israel. The mountainous nature of their country suited the growth of the vine.
eat . . . as common--literally, "shall profane," that is, shall put to common use. For the first three years after planting, the vine was "not to be eaten of"; on the fourth year the fruit was to be "holy to praise the Lord withal"; on the fifth year the fruit was to be eaten as common, no longer restricted to holy use (Lev 19:23-25; compare Deu 20:6; Deu 28:30, Margin). Thus the idea here is, "The same persons who plant shall reap the fruits"; it shall no longer be that one shall plant and another reap the fruit.
V
Versículo 6
V. The watchmen stationed on eminences (types of the preachers of the gospel), shall summon the ten …
The watchmen stationed on eminences (types of the preachers of the gospel), shall summon the ten tribes to go up to the annual feasts at Jerusalem ("Zion"), as they used to do before the revolt and the setting up of the idol calves at Dan and Beer-sheba (Eze 37:21-22).
Mount Ephraim--not one single mountain, but the whole mountainous region of the ten tribes.
our God--from whom we formerly revolted, but who is now our God. An earnest of that good time to come is given in the partial success of the gospel in its first preaching in Samaria (John 4:1-42; Acts 8:5-25).
VI
Versículo 7
VI. The people are urged with praises and prayers to supplicate for their universal restoration. Jeho…
The people are urged with praises and prayers to supplicate for their universal restoration. Jehovah is represented in the context (Jer 31:1, Jer 31:8), as promising immediately to restore Israel. They therefore praise God for the restoration, being as certain of it as if it were actually accomplished; and at the same time pray for it, as prayer was a means to the desired end. Prayer does not move God to grant our wishes, but when God has determined to grant our wishes, He puts it into our hearts to pray for the thing desired. Compare Psa 102:13-17, as to the connection of Israel's restoration with the prayers of His people (Isa 62:1-6).
for Jacob--on account of Jacob; on account of his approaching deliverance by Jehovah.
among--"for," that is, on account of, would more exactly suit the parallelism to "for Jacob."
chief of the nations--Israel: as the parallelism to "Jacob" proves (compare Exo 19:5; Psa 135:4; Amo 6:1). God estimates the greatness of nations not by man's standard of material resources, but by His electing favor.
VII
Versículo 8
VII. north--Assyria, Media, &c. (see on Jer 3:12; Jer 3:18; Jer 23:8).
north--Assyria, Media, &c. (see on Jer 3:12; Jer 3:18; Jer 23:8).
gather from . . . coasts of . . . earth-- (Eze 20:34, Eze 20:41; Eze 34:13).
blind . . . lame, &c.--Not even the most infirm and unfit persons for a journey shall be left behind, so universal shall be the restoration.
a great company--or, they shall return "in a great company" [MAURER].
VIII
Versículo 9
VIII. weeping--for their past sins which caused their exile (Psa 126:5-6). Although they come with weep…
weeping--for their past sins which caused their exile (Psa 126:5-6). Although they come with weeping, they shall return with joy (Jer 50:4-5).
supplications--(Compare Jer 31:18-19; Jer 3:21-25; Zac 12:10). Margin translates "favors," as in Jos 11:20; Ezr 9:8; thus God's favors or compassions are put in opposition to the people's weeping; their tears shall be turned into joy. But English Version suits the parellelism best.
I will cause . . . to walk by . . . waters . . . straight way-- (Isa 35:6-8; Isa 43:19; Isa 49:10-11). God will give them waters to satisfy their thirst as in the wilderness journey from Egypt. So spiritually (Mat 5:6; Joh 7:37).
Ephraim--the ten tribes no longer severed from Judah, but forming one people with it.
my first-born-- (Exo 4:22; Hos 11:1; Rom 9:4). So the elect Church (Co2 6:18; Jam 1:18).
IX
Versículo 10
IX. The tidings of God's interposition in behalf of Israel will arrest the attention of even the utte…
The tidings of God's interposition in behalf of Israel will arrest the attention of even the uttermost Gentile nations.
He that scattered will gather--He who scattered knows where to find Israel; He who smote can also heal.
keep--not only will gather, but keep safely to the end (Joh 13:1; Joh 17:11).
shepherd-- (Isa 40:11; Eze 34:12-14).
X
Versículo 11
X. ransomed . . . from . . . hand of . . . stronger--No strength of the foe can prevent the Lord fro…
ransomed . . . from . . . hand of . . . stronger--No strength of the foe can prevent the Lord from delivering Jacob (Isa 49:24-25).
XI
Versículo 12
XI. height of Zion-- (Eze 17:23).
height of Zion-- (Eze 17:23).
flow--There shall be a conflux of worshippers to the temple on Zion (Isa 2:2; Mic 4:1).
to the goodness of . . . Lord--(See Jer 31:14). Beneficence, that is, to the Lord as the source of all good things (Hos 3:5), to pray to Him and praise Him for these blessings of which He is the Fountainhead.
watered garden-- (Isa 58:11). Not merely for a time, but continually full of holy comfort.
not sorrow any more--referring to the Church triumphant, as well as to literal Israel (Isa 35:10; Isa 65:19; Rev 21:4).
XII
Versículo 13
XII. young . . . old-- (Zac 8:4-5).
young . . . old-- (Zac 8:4-5).
XIII
Versículo 14
XIII. my goodness-- (Jer 31:12).
my goodness-- (Jer 31:12).
XIV
Versículo 15
XIV. Ramah--In Benjamin, east of the great northern road, two hours' journey from Jerusalem. Rachel, w…
Ramah--In Benjamin, east of the great northern road, two hours' journey from Jerusalem. Rachel, who all her life had pined for children (Gen 30:1), and who died with "sorrow" in giving birth to Benjamin (Gen 35:18-19, Margin; Sa1 10:2), and was buried at Ramah, near Beth-lehem, is represented as raising her head from the tomb, and as breaking forth into "weeping" at seeing the whole land depopulated of her sons, the Ephraimites. Ramah was the place where Nebuzara-dan collected all the Jews in chains, previous to their removal to Babylon (Jer 40:1). God therefore consoles her with the promise of their restoration. Mat 2:17-18 quotes this as fulfilled in the massacre of the innocents under Herod. "A lesser and a greater event, of different times, may answer to the single sense of one passage of Scripture, until the prophecy is exhausted" [BENGEL]. Besides the temporary reference to the exiles in Babylon, the Holy Spirit foreshadowed ultimately Messiah's exile in Egypt, and the desolation caused in the neighborhood of Rachel's tomb by Herod's massacre of the children, whose mothers had "sons of sorrow" (Ben-oni), just as Rachel had. The return of Messiah (the representative of Israel) from Egypt, and the future restoration of Israel, both the literal and the spiritual (including the innocents), at the Lord's second advent, are antitypical of the restoration of Israel from Babylon, which is the ground of consolation held out here by Jeremiah. The clause, "They were not," that is, were dead (Gen 42:13), does not apply so strictly to the exiles in Babylon as it does to the history of Messiah and His people--past, present, and future. So the words, "There is hope in thine end," are to be fulfilled ultimately, when Rachel shall meet her murdered children at the resurrection, at the same time that literal Israel is to be restored. "They were not," in Hebrew, is singular; each was not: each mother at the Beth-lehem massacre had but one child to lament, as the limitation of age in Herod's order, "two years and under," implies; this use of the singular distributively (the mothers weeping severally, each for her own child), is a coincidence between the prophecy of the Beth-lehem massacre and the event, the more remarkable as not being obvious: the singular, too, is appropriate as to Messiah in His Egyptian exile, who was to be a leading object of Rachel's lamentation.
XV
Versículo 16
XV. thy work--thy parental weeping for thy children [ROSENMULLER]. Thine affliction in the loss of th…
thy work--thy parental weeping for thy children [ROSENMULLER]. Thine affliction in the loss of thy children, murdered for Christ's sake, shall not be fruitless to thee, as was the case in thy giving birth to the "child of thy sorrow," Benjamin. Primarily, also, thy grief shall not be perpetual: the exiles shall return, and the land be inhabited again [CALVIN].
come again-- (Hos 1:11).
16
Versículo 17
16. hope in . . . end--All thy calamities shall have a prosperous issue.
hope in . . . end--All thy calamities shall have a prosperous issue.
17
Versículo 18
17. Ephraim--representing the ten tribes.
Ephraim--representing the ten tribes.
bemoaning himself--The spirit of penitent supplication shall at last be poured on Israel as the necessary forerunner of their restoration (Zac 12:10-14).
Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised--In the first clause the chastisement itself is meant; in the second the beneficial effect of it in teaching the penitent true wisdom.
bullock unaccustomed to . . . yoke--A similar image occurs in Deu 32:15. Compare "stiff-necked," Act 7:51; Exo 32:9, an image from refractory oxen. Before my chastisement I needed the severe correction I received, as much as an untamed bullock needs the goad. Compare Act 9:5, where the same figure is used of Saul while unconverted. Israel has had a longer chastisement than Judah, not having been restored even at the Jews' return from Babylon. Hereafter, at its restoration, it shall confess the sore discipline was all needed to "accustom" it to God's "easy yoke" (Mat 11:29-30).
turn thou me--by Thy converting Spirit (Lam 5:21). But why does Ephraim pray for conversion, seeing that he is already converted? Because we are converted by progressive steps, and need the same power of God to carry forward, as to originate, our conversion (Joh 6:44, Joh 6:65; compare with Isa 27:3; Pe1 1:5; Phi 1:6).
18
Versículo 19
18. after that I was turned, I repented--Repentance in the full sense follows, not precedes, our bein…
after that I was turned, I repented--Repentance in the full sense follows, not precedes, our being turned to God by God (Zac 12:10). The Jews' "looking to Him whom they pierced" shall result in their "mourning for Him." Repentance is the tear that flows from the eye of faith turned to Jesus. He Himself gives it: we give it not of ourselves, but must come to Him for it (Act 5:31).
instructed--made to learn by chastisement. God's Spirit often works through the corrections of His providence.
smote upon . . . thigh-- (Eze 21:12). A token of indignant remorse, shame, and grief, because of his past sin.
bear . . . reproach of . . . youth--"because the calamities which I bore were the just punishment of my scandalous wantonness against God in my youth"; alluding to the idols set up at Dan and Beth-el immediately after the ten tribes revolted from Judah. His sense of shame shows that he no longer delights in his sin.
19
Versículo 20
19. Is Ephraim my dear son? &c.--The question implies that a negative answer was to be expected. Who …
Is Ephraim my dear son? &c.--The question implies that a negative answer was to be expected. Who would have thought that one so undutiful to His heavenly Father as Ephraim had been should still be regarded by God as a "pleasant child?" Certainly he was not so in respect to his sin. But by virtue of God's "everlasting love" (Jer 31:3) on Ephraim's being "turned" to God, he was immediately welcomed as God's "dear son." This verse sets forth God's readiness to welcome the penitent (Jer 31:18-19), anticipating his return with prevenient grace and love. Compare Luk 15:20 : "When he was yet a great way off, his father saw him and had compassion," &c.
spake against--threatened him for his idolatry.
remember--with favor and concern, as in Gen 8:1; Gen 30:22.
bowels . . . troubled for him-- (Deu 32:36; Isa 63:15; Hos 11:8) --namely, with the yearnings of compassionate love. The "bowels" include the region of the heart, the seat of the affections.
20
Versículo 21
20. waymarks--pillars to mark the road for the returning exiles. Caravans set up pillars, or pointed …
waymarks--pillars to mark the road for the returning exiles. Caravans set up pillars, or pointed heaps of stones, to mark the way through the desert against their return. So Israel is told by God to mark the way by which they went in leaving their country for exile; for by the same way they shall return.
highway-- (Isa 35:8, Isa 35:10).
21
Versículo 22
21. go about--namely, after human helps (Jer 2:18, Jer 2:23, Jer 2:36). Why not return immediately to…
go about--namely, after human helps (Jer 2:18, Jer 2:23, Jer 2:36). Why not return immediately to me? MAURER translates, as in Sol 5:6, "How long wilt thou withdraw thyself?" Let thy past backslidings suffice thee now that a new era approaches. What God finds fault with in them is, that they looked hither and thither, leaning on contingencies, instead of at once trusting the word of God, which promised their restoration. To assure them of this, God promises to create a new thing in their land, A woman shall compass a man. CALVIN explains this: Israel, who is feeble as a woman, shall be superior to the warlike Chaldeans; the captives shall reduce their captors to captivity. HENGSTENBERG makes the "woman" the Jewish Church, and the "man" Jehovah, her husband, whose love she will again seek (Hos 2:6-7). MAURER, A woman shall protect (Deu 32:10, Margin; Psa 32:10) a man, that is, You need fear no foes in returning, for all things shall be so peaceful that a woman would be able to take man's part, and act as his protector. But the Christian fathers (Augustine, &c.) almost unanimously interpreted it of the Virgin Mary compassing Christ in her womb. This view is favored:--(1) By the connection; it gives a reason why the exiles should desire a return to their country, namely, because Christ was conceived there. (2) The word "created" implies a divine power put forth in the creation of a body in the Virgin's womb by the Holy Ghost for the second Adam, such as was exerted in creating the first Adam (Luk 1:35; Heb 10:5). (3) The phrase, "a new thing," something unprecedented; a man whose like had never existed before, at once God and man; a mother out of the ordinary course of nature, at once mother and virgin. An extraordinary mode of generation; one conceived by the Holy Ghost without man. (4) The specification "in the land" (not "earth," as English Version), namely, of Judah, where probably Christ was conceived, in Hebron (compare Luk 1:39, Luk 1:42, Luk 1:44, with Jos 21:11) or else in Nazareth, "in the territory" of Israel, to whom Jer 31:5-6, Jer 31:15, Jer 31:18, Jer 31:21 refer; His birth was at Beth-lehem (Mic 5:2; Mat 2:5-6). As the place of His nativity, and of His being reared (Mat 2:23), and of His preaching (Hag 2:7; Mal 3:1), are specified, so it is likely the Holy Spirit designated the place of His being conceived. (5) The Hebrew for "woman" implies an individual, as the Virgin Mary, rather than a collection of persons. (6) The restoration of Israel is grounded on God's covenant in Christ, to whom, therefore, allusion is naturally made as the foundation of Israel's hope (compare Isa 7:14). The Virgin Mary's conception of Messiah in the womb answers to the "Virgin of Israel" (therefore so called, Jer 31:21), that is, Israel and her sons at their final restoration, receiving Jesus as Messiah (Zac 12:10). (7) The reference to the conception of the child Messiah accords with the mention of the massacre of "children" referred to in Jer 31:15 (compare Mat 2:17). (8) The Hebrew for "man" is properly "mighty man," a term applied to God (Deu 10:17); and to Christ (Zac 13:7; compare Psa 45:3; Isa 9:6) [CALOVIUS].
22
Versículo 23
22. Jerusalem again shall be the metropolis of the whole nation, the seat of "justice" (Psa 122:5-8; …
Jerusalem again shall be the metropolis of the whole nation, the seat of "justice" (Psa 122:5-8; Isa 1:26), and of sacred worship ("holiness," Zac 8:3) on "Mount" Moriah.
23
Versículo 24
23. Judah . . . cities . . . husbandmen . . . they with flocks--Two classes, Citizens and countrymen,…
Judah . . . cities . . . husbandmen . . . they with flocks--Two classes, Citizens and countrymen, the latter divided into agriculturists and shepherds, all alike in security, though the latter were to be outside the protection of city walls. "Judah" here stands for the country, as distinguished from its cities.
24
Versículo 25
24. The "weary, sorrowful," and indigent state of Israel will prove no obstacle in the way of My help…
The "weary, sorrowful," and indigent state of Israel will prove no obstacle in the way of My helping them.
25
Versículo 26
25. The words of Jeremiah: Upon this (or, By reason of this) announcement of a happy restoration, "I …
The words of Jeremiah: Upon this (or, By reason of this) announcement of a happy restoration, "I awaked" from the prophetic dream vouchsafed to me (Jer 23:25) with the "sweet" impression thereof remaining on my mind. "Sleep" here means dream, as in Psa 90:5.
26
Versículo 27
26. He shows how a land so depopulated shall again be peopled. God will cause both men and beasts in …
He shows how a land so depopulated shall again be peopled. God will cause both men and beasts in it to increase to a multitude (Eze 36:9-11; Hos 2:23).
27
Versículo 28
27. (Jer 44:27). The same God who, as it were (in human language), was on the watch for all means to …
(Jer 44:27). The same God who, as it were (in human language), was on the watch for all means to destroy, shall be as much on the watch for the means of their restoration.
28
Versículo 29
28. In those days--after their punishment has. been completed, and mercy again visits them.
In those days--after their punishment has. been completed, and mercy again visits them.
fathers . . . eaten . . . sour grape . . . children's teeth . . . on edge--the proverb among the exiles' children born in Babylon, to express that they suffered the evil consequences of their fathers' sins rather than of their own (Lam 5:7; Eze 18:2-3).
29
Versículo 30
29. (Gal 6:5, Gal 6:7).
(Gal 6:5, Gal 6:7).
30
Versículo 31
30. the days . . . new covenant with . . . Israel . . . Judah--The new covenant is made with literal …
the days . . . new covenant with . . . Israel . . . Judah--The new covenant is made with literal Israel and Judah, not with the spiritual Israel, that is, believers, except secondarily, and as grafted on the stock of Israel (Rom 11:16-27). For the whole subject of the thirtieth and thirty-first chapters is the restoration of the Hebrews (Jer 30:4, Jer 30:7, Jer 30:10, Jer 30:18; Jer 31:7, Jer 31:10-11, Jer 31:23-24, Jer 31:27, Jer 31:36). With the "remnant according to the election of grace" in Israel, the new covenant has already taken effect. But with regard to the whole nation, its realization is reserved for the last days, to which Paul refers this prophecy in an abridged form (Rom 11:27).
31
Versículo 32
31. Not . . . the covenant that I made with . . . fathers--the Old Testament covenant, as contrasted …
Not . . . the covenant that I made with . . . fathers--the Old Testament covenant, as contrasted with our gospel covenant (Heb 8:8-12; Heb 10:16-17, where this prophecy is quoted to prove the abrogation of the law by the gospel), of which the distinguishing features are its securing by an adequate atonement the forgiveness of sins, and by the inworking of effectual grace ensuring permanent obedience. An earnest of this is given partially in the present eclectic or elect Church gathered out of Jews and Gentiles. But the promise here to Israel in the last days is national and universal, and effected by an extraordinary outpouring of the Spirit (Jer 31:33-34; Eze 11:17-20), independent of any merit on their part (Eze 36:25-32; Eze. 37:1-28; Eze 39:29; Joe 2:23-28; Zac 12:10; Co2 3:16).
took . . . by . . . hand-- (Deu 1:31; Hos 11:3).
although I was an husband--(compare Jer 3:14; Hos 2:7-8). But the Septuagint, Syriac, and St. Paul (Heb 8:9) translate, "I regarded them not"; and GESENIUS, &c., justify this rendering of the Hebrew from the Arabic. The Hebrews regarded not God, so God regarded them not.
32
Versículo 33
32. will be their God-- (Jer 32:38).
will be their God-- (Jer 32:38).
33
Versículo 34
33. True, specially of Israel (Isa 54:13); secondarily, true of believers (Joh 6:45; Co1 2:10; Jo1 2:…
True, specially of Israel (Isa 54:13); secondarily, true of believers (Joh 6:45; Co1 2:10; Jo1 2:20).
forgive . . . iniquity . . . remember . . . no more-- (Jer 33:8; Jer 50:20; Mic 7:18); applying peculiarly to Israel (Rom 11:27). Secondarily, all believers (Act 10:43).
34
Versículo 35
34. divideth . . . sea when . . . waves . . . roar . . . Lord of hosts . . . name--quoted from Isa 51…
divideth . . . sea when . . . waves . . . roar . . . Lord of hosts . . . name--quoted from Isa 51:15, the genuineness of which passage is thus established on Jeremiah's authority.
35
Versículo 36
35. a nation--Israel's national polity has been broken up by the Romans. But their preservation as a …
a nation--Israel's national polity has been broken up by the Romans. But their preservation as a distinct people amidst violent persecutions, though scattered among all nations for eighteen centuries, unamalgamated, whereas all other peoples under such circumstances have become incorporated with the nations in which they have been dispersed, is a perpetual standing miracle (compare Jer 33:20; Psa 148:6; Isa 54:9-10).
36
Versículo 37
36. (Compare Jer 33:22).
(Compare Jer 33:22).
for all that they have done--namely, all the sins. God will regard His own covenant promise, rather than their merits.
37
Versículo 38
37. tower of Hananeel--The city shall extend beyond its former bounds (Neh 3:1; Neh 12:39; Zac 14:10).
tower of Hananeel--The city shall extend beyond its former bounds (Neh 3:1; Neh 12:39; Zac 14:10).
gate of . . . corner-- (Kg2 14:13; Ch2 26:9).
38
Versículo 39
38. measuring-line-- (Eze 40:8; Zac 2:1).
measuring-line-- (Eze 40:8; Zac 2:1).
Gareb--from a Hebrew root, "to scrape"; Syriac, "leprosy"; the locality outside of the city, to which lepers were removed.
Goath--from a root, "to toil," referring to the toilsome ascent there: outside of the city of David, towards the southwest, as Gareb was northwest [JUNIUS].
39
Versículo 40
39. valley of . . . dead--Tophet, where the bodies of malefactors were cast (Isa 30:33), south of the…
valley of . . . dead--Tophet, where the bodies of malefactors were cast (Isa 30:33), south of the city.
fields . . . Kidron--so Kg2 23:4. Fields in the suburbs reaching as far as Kidron, east of the city.
horse gate--Through it the king's horses were led forth for watering to the brook Kidron (Kg2 11:16; Neh 3:28).
for ever--The city shall not only be spacious, but both "holy to the Lord," that is, freed from all pollutions, and everlasting (Joe 3:17, Joe 3:20; Rev 21:2, Rev 21:10, Rev 21:27).
Next: Jeremiah Chapter 32
Antiguo Testamento
Jeremiah — Capítulo 31
CONTINUATION OF THE PROPHECY IN THE THIRTIETH CHAPTER. (Jer. 31:1-40) At the same time--"In the latter days" (Jer 30:24). the God of--manifesting My grace to (Gen 17:7; Mat 22:32; Rev 21:3). all . . . Israel--not the …
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1En aquel tiempo, dice Jehová, yo seré por Dios a todas las familias de Israel, y ellas me serán a mí por pueblo.
2Así ha dicho Jehová: El pueblo que escapó de la espada halló gracia en el desierto, cuando Israel iba en busca de reposo.
3Jehová se manifestó a mí hace ya mucho tiempo, diciendo: Con amor eterno te he amado; por tanto, te prolongué mi misericordia.
4Aún te edificaré, y serás edificada, oh virgen de Israel; todavía serás adornada con tus panderos, y saldrás en alegres danzas.
5Aún plantarás viñas en los montes de Samaria; plantarán los que plantan, y disfrutarán de ellas.
6Porque habrá día en que clamarán los guardas en el monte de Efraín: Levantaos, y subamos a Sion, a Jehová nuestro Dios.
7Porque así ha dicho Jehová: Regocijaos en Jacob con alegría, y dad voces de júbilo a la cabeza de naciones; haced oír, alabad, y decid: Oh Jehová, salva a tu pueblo, el remanente de Israel.
8He aquí yo los hago volver de la tierra del norte, y los reuniré de los fines de la tierra, y entre ellos ciegos y cojos, la mujer que está encinta y la que dio a luz juntamente; en gran compañía volverán acá.
9Irán con lloro, mas con misericordia los haré volver, y los haré andar junto a arroyos de aguas, por camino derecho en el cual no tropezarán; porque soy a Israel por padre, y Efraín es mi primogénito.
10Oíd palabra de Jehová, oh naciones, y hacedlo saber en las costas que están lejos, y decid: El que esparció a Israel lo reunirá y guardará, como el pastor a su rebaño.
11Porque Jehová redimió a Jacob, lo redimió de mano del más fuerte que él.
12Y vendrán con gritos de gozo en lo alto de Sion, y correrán al bien de Jehová, al pan, al vino, al aceite, y al ganado de las ovejas y de las vacas; y su alma será como huerto de riego, y nunca más tendrán dolor.
13Entonces la virgen se alegrará en la danza, los jóvenes y los viejos juntamente; y cambiaré su lloro en gozo, y los consolaré, y los alegraré de su dolor.
14Y el alma del sacerdote satisfaré con abundancia, y mi pueblo será saciado de mi bien, dice Jehová.
15Así ha dicho Jehová: Voz fue oída en Ramá, llanto y lloro amargo; Raquel que lamenta por sus hijos, y no quiso ser consolada acerca de sus hijos, porque perecieron.
16Así ha dicho Jehová: Reprime del llanto tu voz, y de las lágrimas tus ojos; porque salario hay para tu trabajo, dice Jehová, y volverán de la tierra del enemigo.
17Esperanza hay también para tu porvenir, dice Jehová, y los hijos volverán a su propia tierra.
18Escuchando, he oído a Efraín que se lamentaba: Me azotaste, y fui castigado como novillo indómito; conviérteme, y seré convertido, porque tú eres Jehová mi Dios.
19Porque después que me aparté tuve arrepentimiento, y después que reconocí mi falta, herí mi muslo; me avergoncé y me confundí, porque llevé la afrenta de mi juventud.
20¿No es Efraín hijo precioso para mí? ¿no es niño en quien me deleito? pues desde que hablé de él, me he acordado de él constantemente. Por eso mis entrañas se conmovieron por él; ciertamente tendré de él misericordia, dice Jehová.
21Establécete señales, ponte majanos altos, nota atentamente la calzada; vuélvete por el camino por donde fuiste, virgen de Israel, vuelve a estas tus ciudades.
22¿Hasta cuándo andarás errante, oh hija contumaz? Porque Jehová creará una cosa nueva sobre la tierra: la mujer rodeará al varón.
23Así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos, Dios de Israel: Aún dirán esta palabra en la tierra de Judá y en sus ciudades, cuando yo haga volver sus cautivos: Jehová te bendiga, oh morada de justicia, oh monte santo.
24Y habitará allí Judá, y también en todas sus ciudades labradores, y los que van con rebaño.
25Porque satisfaré al alma cansada, y saciaré a toda alma entristecida.
26En esto me desperté, y vi, y mi sueño me fue agradable.
27He aquí vienen días, dice Jehová, en que sembraré la casa de Israel y la casa de Judá de simiente de hombre y de simiente de animal.
28Y así como tuve cuidado de ellos para arrancar y derribar, y trastornar y perder y afligir, tendré cuidado de ellos para edificar y plantar, dice Jehová.
29En aquellos días no dirán más: Los padres comieron las uvas agrias y los dientes de los hijos tienen la dentera,
30sino que cada cual morirá por su propia maldad; los dientes de todo hombre que comiere las uvas agrias, tendrán la dentera.
31He aquí que vienen días, dice Jehová, en los cuales haré nuevo pacto con la casa de Israel y con la casa de Judá.
32No como el pacto que hice con sus padres el día que tomé su mano para sacarlos de la tierra de Egipto; porque ellos invalidaron mi pacto, aunque fui yo un marido para ellos, dice Jehová.
33Pero este es el pacto que haré con la casa de Israel después de aquellos días, dice Jehová: Daré mi ley en su mente, y la escribiré en su corazón; y yo seré a ellos por Dios, y ellos me serán por pueblo.
34Y no enseñará más ninguno a su prójimo, ni ninguno a su hermano, diciendo: Conoce a Jehová; porque todos me conocerán, desde el más pequeño de ellos hasta el más grande, dice Jehová; porque perdonaré la maldad de ellos, y no me acordaré más de su pecado.
35Así ha dicho Jehová, que da el sol para luz del día, las leyes de la luna y de las estrellas para luz de la noche, que parte el mar, y braman sus ondas; Jehová de los ejércitos es su nombre:
36Si faltaren estas leyes delante de mí, dice Jehová, también la descendencia de Israel faltará para no ser nación delante de mí eternamente.
37Así ha dicho Jehová: Si los cielos arriba se pueden medir, y explorarse abajo los fundamentos de la tierra, también yo desecharé toda la descendencia de Israel por todo lo que hicieron, dice Jehová.
38He aquí que vienen días, dice Jehová, en que la ciudad será edificada a Jehová, desde la torre de Hananeel hasta la puerta del Ángulo.
39Y saldrá más allá el cordel de la medida delante de él sobre el collado de Gareb, y rodeará a Goa.
40Y todo el valle de los cuerpos muertos y de la ceniza, y todas las llanuras hasta el arroyo de Cedrón, hasta la esquina de la puerta de los caballos al oriente, será santo a Jehová; no será arrancada ni destruida más para siempre.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
Versículo 2
I. Upon the grace manifested to Israel "in the wilderness" God grounds His argument for renewing His…
Versículo 3
II. Israel gratefully acknowledges in reply God's past grace; but at the same time tacitly implies by…
Versículo 4
III. I will build . . . thou shalt be built--The combination of the active and passive to express the …
Versículo 5
IV. Samaria--the metropolis of the ten tribes; here equivalent to Israel. The mountainous nature of t…
Versículo 6
V. The watchmen stationed on eminences (types of the preachers of the gospel), shall summon the ten …
Versículo 7
VI. The people are urged with praises and prayers to supplicate for their universal restoration. Jeho…
Versículo 8
VII. north--Assyria, Media, &c. (see on Jer 3:12; Jer 3:18; Jer 23:8).
Versículo 9
VIII. weeping--for their past sins which caused their exile (Psa 126:5-6). Although they come with weep…
Versículo 10
IX. The tidings of God's interposition in behalf of Israel will arrest the attention of even the utte…
Versículo 11
X. ransomed . . . from . . . hand of . . . stronger--No strength of the foe can prevent the Lord fro…
Versículo 12
XI. height of Zion-- (Eze 17:23).
Versículo 13
XII. young . . . old-- (Zac 8:4-5).
Versículo 14
XIII. my goodness-- (Jer 31:12).
Versículo 15
XIV. Ramah--In Benjamin, east of the great northern road, two hours' journey from Jerusalem. Rachel, w…
Versículo 16
XV. thy work--thy parental weeping for thy children [ROSENMULLER]. Thine affliction in the loss of th…
Versículo 17
16. hope in . . . end--All thy calamities shall have a prosperous issue.
Versículo 18
17. Ephraim--representing the ten tribes.
Versículo 19
18. after that I was turned, I repented--Repentance in the full sense follows, not precedes, our bein…
Versículo 20
19. Is Ephraim my dear son? &c.--The question implies that a negative answer was to be expected. Who …
Versículo 21
20. waymarks--pillars to mark the road for the returning exiles. Caravans set up pillars, or pointed …
Versículo 22
21. go about--namely, after human helps (Jer 2:18, Jer 2:23, Jer 2:36). Why not return immediately to…
Versículo 23
22. Jerusalem again shall be the metropolis of the whole nation, the seat of "justice" (Psa 122:5-8; …
Versículo 24
23. Judah . . . cities . . . husbandmen . . . they with flocks--Two classes, Citizens and countrymen,…
Versículo 25
24. The "weary, sorrowful," and indigent state of Israel will prove no obstacle in the way of My help…
Versículo 26
25. The words of Jeremiah: Upon this (or, By reason of this) announcement of a happy restoration, "I …
Versículo 27
26. He shows how a land so depopulated shall again be peopled. God will cause both men and beasts in …
Versículo 28
27. (Jer 44:27). The same God who, as it were (in human language), was on the watch for all means to …
Versículo 29
28. In those days--after their punishment has. been completed, and mercy again visits them.
Versículo 30
29. (Gal 6:5, Gal 6:7).
Versículo 31
30. the days . . . new covenant with . . . Israel . . . Judah--The new covenant is made with literal …
Versículo 32
31. Not . . . the covenant that I made with . . . fathers--the Old Testament covenant, as contrasted …
Versículo 33
32. will be their God-- (Jer 32:38).
Versículo 34
33. True, specially of Israel (Isa 54:13); secondarily, true of believers (Joh 6:45; Co1 2:10; Jo1 2:…
Versículo 35
34. divideth . . . sea when . . . waves . . . roar . . . Lord of hosts . . . name--quoted from Isa 51…
Versículo 36
35. a nation--Israel's national polity has been broken up by the Romans. But their preservation as a …
Versículo 37
36. (Compare Jer 33:22).
Versículo 38
37. tower of Hananeel--The city shall extend beyond its former bounds (Neh 3:1; Neh 12:39; Zac 14:10).
Versículo 39
38. measuring-line-- (Eze 40:8; Zac 2:1).
Versículo 40
39. valley of . . . dead--Tophet, where the bodies of malefactors were cast (Isa 30:33), south of the…