PROPHECY AS TO AN ATTACK ON JERUSALEM. (Isa 22:1-14) of . . . valley of vision--rather, "respecting the valley of visions"; namely, Jerusalem, the seat of divine revelations and visions, "the nursery of prophets" [JER…
1Profecía sobre el valle de la visión. ¿Qué tienes ahora, que con todos los tuyos has subido sobre los terrados?
2Tú, llena de alborotos, ciudad turbulenta, ciudad alegre; tus muertos no son muertos a espada, ni muertos en guerra.
3Todos tus príncipes juntos huyeron del arco, fueron atados; todos los que en ti se hallaron, fueron atados juntamente, aunque habían huido lejos.
4Por esto dije: Dejadme, lloraré amargamente; no os afanéis por consolarme de la destrucción de la hija de mi pueblo.
5Porque día es de alboroto, de angustia y de confusión, de parte del Señor, Jehová de los ejércitos, en el valle de la visión, para derribar el muro, y clamar al monte.
6Y Elam tomó aljaba, con carros y con jinetes, y Kir sacó el escudo.
7Tus hermosos valles fueron llenos de carros, y los de a caballo acamparon a la puerta.
8Y desnudó la cubierta de Judá; y miraste en aquel día hacia la casa de armas del bosque.
9Visteis las brechas de la ciudad de David, que se multiplicaron; y recogisteis las aguas del estanque de abajo.
10Y contasteis las casas de Jerusalén, y derribasteis casas para fortificar el muro.
11Hicisteis foso entre los dos muros para las aguas del estanque viejo; y no tuvisteis respeto al que lo hizo, ni mirasteis de lejos al que lo labró.
12Por tanto, el Señor, Jehová de los ejércitos, llamó en este día a llanto y a endechas, a raparse el cabello y a vestir cilicio;
13y he aquí gozo y alegría, matando vacas y degollando ovejas, comiendo carne y bebiendo vino, diciendo: Comamos y bebamos, porque mañana moriremos.
14Esto fue revelado a mis oídos de parte de Jehová de los ejércitos: Que este pecado no os será perdonado hasta que muráis, dice el Señor, Jehová de los ejércitos.
15Jehová de los ejércitos dice así: Ve, entra a este tesorero, a Sebna el mayordomo, y dile:
16¿Qué tienes tú aquí, o a quién tienes aquí, que labraste aquí sepulcro para ti, como el que en lugar alto labra su sepultura, o el que esculpe para sí morada en una peña?
17He aquí que Jehová te transportará en duro cautiverio, y de cierto te cubrirá el rostro.
18Te echará a rodar con ímpetu, como a bola por tierra extensa; allá morirás, y allá estarán los carros de tu gloria, oh vergüenza de la casa de tu señor.
19Y te arrojaré de tu lugar, y de tu puesto te empujaré.
20En aquel día llamaré a mi siervo Eliaquim hijo de Hilcías,
21y lo vestiré de tus vestiduras, y lo ceñiré de tu talabarte, y entregaré en sus manos tu potestad; y será padre al morador de Jerusalén, y a la casa de Judá.
22Y pondré la llave de la casa de David sobre su hombro; y abrirá, y nadie cerrará; cerrará, y nadie abrirá.
23Y lo hincaré como clavo en lugar firme; y será por asiento de honra a la casa de su padre.
24Colgarán de él toda la honra de la casa de su padre, los hijos y los nietos, todos los vasos menores, desde las tazas hasta toda clase de jarros.
25En aquel día, dice Jehová de los ejércitos, el clavo hincado en lugar firme será quitado; será quebrado y caerá, y la carga que sobre él se puso se echará a perder; porque Jehová habló.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
I
Versículo 2
I. art--rather, "wert"; for it could not now be said to be "a joyous city" (Isa 32:13). The cause of…
art--rather, "wert"; for it could not now be said to be "a joyous city" (Isa 32:13). The cause of their joy (Isa 22:13) may have been because Sennacherib had accepted Hezekiah's offer to renew the payment of tribute, and they were glad to have peace on any terms, however humiliating (Kg2 18:14-16), or on account of the alliance with Egypt. If the reference be to Zedekiah's time, the joy and feasting are not inapplicable, for this recklessness was a general characteristic of the unbelieving Jews (Isa 56:12).
not slain with the sword--but with the famine and pestilence about to be caused by the coming siege (Lam 4:9). MAURER refers this to the plague by which he thinks Sennacherib's army was destroyed, and Hezekiah was made sick (Isa 37:36; Isa 38:1). But there is no authority for supposing that the Jews in the city suffered such extremities of plague at this time, when God destroyed their foes. BARNES refers it to those slain in flight, not in open honorable "battle"; Isa 22:3 favors this.
II
Versículo 3
II. rulers--rather, "generals" (Jos 10:24; Jdg 11:6, Jdg 11:11).
rulers--rather, "generals" (Jos 10:24; Jdg 11:6, Jdg 11:11).
bound--rather, "are taken."
by the archers--literally, "by the bow"; so Isa 21:17. Bowmen were the light troops, whose province it was to skirmish in front and (Kg2 6:22) pursue fugitives (Kg2 25:5); this verse applies better to the attack of Nebuchadnezzar than that of Sennacherib.
all . . . in thee--all found in the city (Isa 13:15), not merely the "rulers" or generals.
fled from far--those who had fled from distant parts to Jerusalem as a place of safety; rather, fled afar.
III
Versículo 4
III. Look . . . from me--Deep grief seeks to be alone; while others feast joyously, Isaiah mourns in p…
Look . . . from me--Deep grief seeks to be alone; while others feast joyously, Isaiah mourns in prospect of the disaster coming on Jerusalem (Mic 1:8-9).
daughter, &c.--(see on Isa 1:8; Lam 2:11).
IV
Versículo 5
IV. trouble . . . by the Lord--that is, sent by or from the Lord (see on Isa 19:15; Luk 21:22-24).
trouble . . . by the Lord--that is, sent by or from the Lord (see on Isa 19:15; Luk 21:22-24).
valley of vision--(See on Isa 22:1). Some think a valley near Ophel is meant as about to be the scene of devastation (compare see on Isa 32:13-14).
breaking . . . walls--that is, "a day of breaking the walls" of the city.
crying to the mountains--the mournful cry of the townsmen "reaches" to (MAURER translates, towards) the mountains, and is echoed back by them. JOSEPHUS describes in the very same language the scene at the assault of Jerusalem under Titus. To this the prophecy, probably, refers ultimately. If, as some think, the "cry" is that of those escaping to the mountains, compare Mat 13:14; Mat 24:16, with this.
V
Versículo 6
V. Elam--the country stretching east from the Lower Tigris, answering to what was afterwards called …
Elam--the country stretching east from the Lower Tigris, answering to what was afterwards called Persia (see on Isa 21:2). Later, Elam was a province of Persia (Ezr 4:9). In Sennacherib's time, Elam was subject to Assyria (Kg2 18:11), and so furnished a contingent to its invading armies. Famed for the bow (Isa 13:18; Jer 49:35), in which the Ethiopians alone excelled them.
with chariots of men and horsemen--that is, they used the bow both in chariots and on horseback. "Chariots of men," that is, chariots in which men are borne, war chariots (compare see on Isa 21:7; Isa 21:9).
Kir--another people subject to Assyria (Kg2 16:9); the region about the river Kur, between the Caspian and Black Seas.
uncovered--took off for the battle the leather covering of the shield, intended to protect the embossed figures on it from dust or injury during the march. "The quiver" and "the shield" express two classes--light and heavy armed troops.
VI
Versículo 7
VI. valleys--east, north, and south of Jerusalem: Hinnom on the south side was the richest valley.
valleys--east, north, and south of Jerusalem: Hinnom on the south side was the richest valley.
in array at the gate--Rab-shakeh stood at the upper pool close to the city (Isa 36:11-13).
VII
Versículo 8
VII. he discovered the covering--rather, "the veil of Judah shall be taken off" [HORSLEY]: figurativel…
he discovered the covering--rather, "the veil of Judah shall be taken off" [HORSLEY]: figuratively for, exposing to shame as a captive (Isa 47:3; Nah 3:5). Sennacherib dismantled all "the defensed cities of Judah" (Isa 36:1).
thou didst look--rather, "thou shalt look."
house of . . . forest--The house of armory built of cedar from the forest of Lebanon by Solomon, on a slope of Zion called Ophel (Kg1 7:2; Kg1 10:17; Neh 3:19). Isaiah says (Isa 22:8-13) his countrymen will look to their own strength to defend themselves, while others of them will drown their sorrows as to their country in feasting, but none will look to Jehovah.
VIII
Versículo 9
VIII. Ye have seen--rather, "Ye shall see."
Ye have seen--rather, "Ye shall see."
city of David--the upper city, on Zion, the south side of Jerusalem (Sa2 5:7, Sa2 5:9; Kg1 8:1); surrounded by a wall of its own; but even in it there shall be "breaches." Hezekiah's preparations for defense accord with this (Ch2 32:5).
ye gathered--rather, "ye shall gather."
lower pool--(See on Isa 22:11). Ye shall bring together into the city by subterranean passages cut in the rock of Zion, the fountain from which the lower pool (only mentioned here) is supplied. See on Isa 7:3; Kg2 20:20; Ch2 32:3-5, represent Hezekiah as having stopped the fountains to prevent the Assyrians getting water. But this is consistent with the passage here. The superfluous waters of the lower pool usually flowed into Hinnom valley, and so through that of Jehoshaphat to the brook Kedron. Hezekiah built a wall round it, stopped the outflowing of its waters to debar the foe from the use of them, and turned them into the city.
IX
Versículo 10
IX. numbered--rather, "ye shall number," namely, in order to see which of them may be pulled down wit…
numbered--rather, "ye shall number," namely, in order to see which of them may be pulled down with the least loss to the city, and with most advantage for the repair of the walls and rearing of towers (Ch2 32:5).
have ye broken down--rather, "ye shall break down."
X
Versículo 11
X. Ye made . . . a ditch--rather, "Ye shall make a reservoir" for receiving the water. Hezekiah surr…
Ye made . . . a ditch--rather, "Ye shall make a reservoir" for receiving the water. Hezekiah surrounded Siloah, from which the old (or king's, or upper) pool took its rise, with a wall joined to the wall of Zion on both sides; between these two walls he made a new pool, into which he directed the waters of the former, thus cutting off the foe from his supply of water also. The opening from which the upper pool received its water was nearer Zion than the other from which the lower pool took its rise, so that the water which flowed from the former could easily be shut in by a wall, whereas that which flowed from the latter could only be brought in by subterranean conduits (compare see on Isa 22:9; Isa 7:3; Kg2 20:20; Ch2 32:3-5, Ch2 32:30; Ecclesiasticus 48:17). Both were southwest of Jerusalem.
have not looked . . . neither had respect--answering by contrast to "Thou didst look to the armor, ye have seen ('had respect', or 'regard to') the breaches" (Isa 22:8-9).
maker thereof--God, by whose command and aid these defenses were made, and who gave this fountain "long ago." G. V. SMITH translates, "Him who doeth it," that is, has brought this danger on you--"Him who hath prepared it from afar," that is, planned it even from a distant time.
XI
Versículo 12
XI. did the Lord God call--Usually the priests gave the summons to national mourning (Joe 1:14); now …
did the Lord God call--Usually the priests gave the summons to national mourning (Joe 1:14); now JEHOVAH Himself shall give it; the "call" shall consist in the presence of a terrible foe. Translate, "shall call."
baldness--emblem of grief (Job 1:20; Mic 1:16).
XII
Versículo 13
XII. Notwithstanding Jehovah's "call to mourning" (Isa 22:12), many shall make the desperate state of …
Notwithstanding Jehovah's "call to mourning" (Isa 22:12), many shall make the desperate state of affairs a reason for reckless revelry (Isa 5:11-12, Isa 5:14; Jer 18:12; Co1 15:32).
In Isa 36:3, Isa 36:22; Isa 37:2, we find Shebna "a scribe," and no longer prefect of the palace ("over the household"), and Eliakim in that office, as is here foretold. Shebna is singled out as the subject of prophecy (the only instance of an individual being so in Isaiah), as being one of the irreligious faction that set at naught the prophet's warnings (Isa. 28:1-33:24); perhaps it was he who advised the temporary ignominious submission of Hezekiah to Sennacherib.
XIII
Versículo 15
XIII. PROPHECY THAT SHEBNA SHOULD BE DEPOSED FROM BEING PREFECT OF THE PALACE, AND ELIAKIM PROMOTED TO …
PROPHECY THAT SHEBNA SHOULD BE DEPOSED FROM BEING PREFECT OF THE PALACE, AND ELIAKIM PROMOTED TO THE OFFICE. (Isa 22:15-25)
Go, get thee unto--rather, "Go in to" (that is, into the house to).
treasurer--"him who dwells in the tabernacle" [JEROME]; namely, in a room of the temple set apart for the treasurer. Rather, "the king's friend," or "principal officer of the court" (Kg1 4:5; Kg1 18:3; Ch1 27:33, "the king's counsellor") [MAURER]. "This" is prefixed contemptuously (Exo 32:1).
unto Shebna--The Hebrew for "unto" indicates an accosting of Shebna with an unwelcome message.
XIV
Versículo 16
XIV. What . . . whom--The prophet accosts Shebna at the very place where he was building a grand sepul…
What . . . whom--The prophet accosts Shebna at the very place where he was building a grand sepulcher for himself and his family (compare Isa 14:18; Gen. 23:1-20; Gen 49:29; Gen 50:13). "What (business) hast thou here, and whom hast thou (of thy family, who is likely to be buried) here, that thou buildest," &c., seeing that thou art soon to be deposed from office and carried into captivity? [MAURER].
on high--Sepulchres were made in the highest rocks (Ch2 32:33, Margin).
habitation for himself--compare "his own house" (Isa 14:18).
XV
Versículo 17
XV. carry . . . away with . . . captivity--rather, "will cast thee away with a mighty throw" [MAURER]…
carry . . . away with . . . captivity--rather, "will cast thee away with a mighty throw" [MAURER]. "Mighty," literally, "of a man" (so Job 38:3).
surely cover--namely, with shame, where thou art rearing a monument to perpetuate thy fame [VITRINGA]. "Rolling will roll thee," that is, will continually roll thee on, as a ball to be tossed away [MAURER]. Compare Isa 22:18.
16
Versículo 18
16. violently turn and toss--literally, "whirling He will whirl thee," that is, He will, without inte…
violently turn and toss--literally, "whirling He will whirl thee," that is, He will, without intermission, whirl thee [MAURER]. "He will whirl thee round and round, and (then) cast thee away," as a stone in a sling is first whirled round repeatedly, before the string is let go [LOWTH].
large country--perhaps Assyria.
chariots . . . shall be the shame of thy lord's house--rather, "thy splendid chariots shall be there, O thou disgrace of thy lord's house" [NOYES]; "chariots of thy glory" mean "thy magnificent chariots." It is not meant that he would have these in a distant land, as he had in Jerusalem, but that he would be borne thither in ignominy instead of in his magnificent chariots. The Jews say that he was tied to the tails of horses by the enemy, to whom he had designed to betray Jerusalem, as they thought he was mocking them; and so he died.
17
Versículo 19
17. state--office.
state--office.
he--God. A similar change of persons occurs in Isa 34:16.
18
Versículo 20
18. son of Hilkiah--supposed by KIMCHI to be the same as Azariah, son of Hilkiah, who perhaps had two…
son of Hilkiah--supposed by KIMCHI to be the same as Azariah, son of Hilkiah, who perhaps had two names, and who was "over the household" in Hezekiah's time (Ch1 6:13).
19
Versículo 21
19. thy robe--of office.
thy robe--of office.
girdle--in which the purse was carried, and to it was attached the sword; often adorned with gold and jewels.
father--that is, a counsellor and friend.
20
Versículo 22
20. key--emblem of his office over the house; to "open" or "shut"; access rested with him.
key--emblem of his office over the house; to "open" or "shut"; access rested with him.
upon . . . shoulder--So keys are carried sometimes in the East, hanging from the kerchief on the shoulder. But the phrase is rather figurative for sustaining the government on one's shoulders. Eliakim, as his name implies, is here plainly a type of the God-man Christ, the son of "David," of whom Isaiah (Isa 9:6) uses the same language as the former clause of this verse. In Rev 3:7, the same language as the latter clause is found (compare Job 12:14).
21
Versículo 23
21. nail . . . sure place--Large nails or pegs stood in ancient houses on which were suspended the or…
nail . . . sure place--Large nails or pegs stood in ancient houses on which were suspended the ornaments of the family. The sense is: all that is valuable to the nation shall rest securely on him. In Ezr 9:8 "nail" is used of the large spike driven into the ground to fasten the cords of the tent to.
throne--resting-place to his family, as applied to Eliakim; but "throne," in the strict sense, as applied to Messiah, the antitype (Luk 1:32-33).
22
Versículo 24
22. Same image as in Isa 22:23. It was customary to "hang" the valuables of a house on nails (Kg1 10:…
Same image as in Isa 22:23. It was customary to "hang" the valuables of a house on nails (Kg1 10:16-17, Kg1 10:21; Sol 4:4).
offspring and the issue--rather, "the offshoots of the family, high and low" [VITRINGA]. Eliakim would reflect honor even on the latter.
vessels of cups--of small capacity: answering to the low and humble offshoots.
vessels of flagons--larger vessels: answering to the high offshoots.
23
Versículo 25
23. nail . . . fastened--Shebna, who was supposed to be firmly fixed in his post.
nail . . . fastened--Shebna, who was supposed to be firmly fixed in his post.
burden . . . upon it--All that were dependent on Shebna, all his emoluments and rank will fail, as when a peg is suddenly "cut down," the ornaments on it fall with it. Sin reaches in its effects even to the family of the guilty (Exo 20:5).
MENANDER, the historian, notices a siege of Tyre by Shalmaneser, about the time of the siege of Samaria. Sidon, Acco, and Old Tyre, on the mainland, were soon reduced; but New Tyre, on an island half a mile from the shore, held out for five years. Sargon probably finished the siege. Sennacherib does not, however, mention it among the cities which the Assyrian kings conquered (thirty-sixth and thirty-seventh chapters). The expression, "Chaldeans" (Isa 23:13), may imply reference to its siege under Nebuchadnezzar, which lasted thirteen years. Alexander the Great destroyed New Tyre after a seven months' siege.
Next: Isaiah Chapter 23
Antiguo Testamento
Isaiah — Capítulo 22
PROPHECY AS TO AN ATTACK ON JERUSALEM. (Isa 22:1-14) of . . . valley of vision--rather, "respecting the valley of visions"; namely, Jerusalem, the seat of divine revelations and visions, "the nursery of prophets" [JER…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Profecía sobre el valle de la visión. ¿Qué tienes ahora, que con todos los tuyos has subido sobre los terrados?
2Tú, llena de alborotos, ciudad turbulenta, ciudad alegre; tus muertos no son muertos a espada, ni muertos en guerra.
3Todos tus príncipes juntos huyeron del arco, fueron atados; todos los que en ti se hallaron, fueron atados juntamente, aunque habían huido lejos.
4Por esto dije: Dejadme, lloraré amargamente; no os afanéis por consolarme de la destrucción de la hija de mi pueblo.
5Porque día es de alboroto, de angustia y de confusión, de parte del Señor, Jehová de los ejércitos, en el valle de la visión, para derribar el muro, y clamar al monte.
6Y Elam tomó aljaba, con carros y con jinetes, y Kir sacó el escudo.
7Tus hermosos valles fueron llenos de carros, y los de a caballo acamparon a la puerta.
8Y desnudó la cubierta de Judá; y miraste en aquel día hacia la casa de armas del bosque.
9Visteis las brechas de la ciudad de David, que se multiplicaron; y recogisteis las aguas del estanque de abajo.
10Y contasteis las casas de Jerusalén, y derribasteis casas para fortificar el muro.
11Hicisteis foso entre los dos muros para las aguas del estanque viejo; y no tuvisteis respeto al que lo hizo, ni mirasteis de lejos al que lo labró.
12Por tanto, el Señor, Jehová de los ejércitos, llamó en este día a llanto y a endechas, a raparse el cabello y a vestir cilicio;
13y he aquí gozo y alegría, matando vacas y degollando ovejas, comiendo carne y bebiendo vino, diciendo: Comamos y bebamos, porque mañana moriremos.
14Esto fue revelado a mis oídos de parte de Jehová de los ejércitos: Que este pecado no os será perdonado hasta que muráis, dice el Señor, Jehová de los ejércitos.
15Jehová de los ejércitos dice así: Ve, entra a este tesorero, a Sebna el mayordomo, y dile:
16¿Qué tienes tú aquí, o a quién tienes aquí, que labraste aquí sepulcro para ti, como el que en lugar alto labra su sepultura, o el que esculpe para sí morada en una peña?
17He aquí que Jehová te transportará en duro cautiverio, y de cierto te cubrirá el rostro.
18Te echará a rodar con ímpetu, como a bola por tierra extensa; allá morirás, y allá estarán los carros de tu gloria, oh vergüenza de la casa de tu señor.
19Y te arrojaré de tu lugar, y de tu puesto te empujaré.
20En aquel día llamaré a mi siervo Eliaquim hijo de Hilcías,
21y lo vestiré de tus vestiduras, y lo ceñiré de tu talabarte, y entregaré en sus manos tu potestad; y será padre al morador de Jerusalén, y a la casa de Judá.
22Y pondré la llave de la casa de David sobre su hombro; y abrirá, y nadie cerrará; cerrará, y nadie abrirá.
23Y lo hincaré como clavo en lugar firme; y será por asiento de honra a la casa de su padre.
24Colgarán de él toda la honra de la casa de su padre, los hijos y los nietos, todos los vasos menores, desde las tazas hasta toda clase de jarros.
25En aquel día, dice Jehová de los ejércitos, el clavo hincado en lugar firme será quitado; será quebrado y caerá, y la carga que sobre él se puso se echará a perder; porque Jehová habló.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
Versículo 2
I. art--rather, "wert"; for it could not now be said to be "a joyous city" (Isa 32:13). The cause of…
Versículo 3
II. rulers--rather, "generals" (Jos 10:24; Jdg 11:6, Jdg 11:11).
Versículo 4
III. Look . . . from me--Deep grief seeks to be alone; while others feast joyously, Isaiah mourns in p…
Versículo 5
IV. trouble . . . by the Lord--that is, sent by or from the Lord (see on Isa 19:15; Luk 21:22-24).
Versículo 6
V. Elam--the country stretching east from the Lower Tigris, answering to what was afterwards called …
Versículo 7
VI. valleys--east, north, and south of Jerusalem: Hinnom on the south side was the richest valley.
Versículo 8
VII. he discovered the covering--rather, "the veil of Judah shall be taken off" [HORSLEY]: figurativel…
Versículo 9
VIII. Ye have seen--rather, "Ye shall see."
Versículo 10
IX. numbered--rather, "ye shall number," namely, in order to see which of them may be pulled down wit…
Versículo 11
X. Ye made . . . a ditch--rather, "Ye shall make a reservoir" for receiving the water. Hezekiah surr…
Versículo 12
XI. did the Lord God call--Usually the priests gave the summons to national mourning (Joe 1:14); now …
Versículo 13
XII. Notwithstanding Jehovah's "call to mourning" (Isa 22:12), many shall make the desperate state of …
Versículo 15
XIII. PROPHECY THAT SHEBNA SHOULD BE DEPOSED FROM BEING PREFECT OF THE PALACE, AND ELIAKIM PROMOTED TO …
Versículo 16
XIV. What . . . whom--The prophet accosts Shebna at the very place where he was building a grand sepul…
Versículo 17
XV. carry . . . away with . . . captivity--rather, "will cast thee away with a mighty throw" [MAURER]…
Versículo 18
16. violently turn and toss--literally, "whirling He will whirl thee," that is, He will, without inte…
Versículo 19
17. state--office.
Versículo 20
18. son of Hilkiah--supposed by KIMCHI to be the same as Azariah, son of Hilkiah, who perhaps had two…
Versículo 21
19. thy robe--of office.
Versículo 22
20. key--emblem of his office over the house; to "open" or "shut"; access rested with him.
Versículo 23
21. nail . . . sure place--Large nails or pegs stood in ancient houses on which were suspended the or…
Versículo 24
22. Same image as in Isa 22:23. It was customary to "hang" the valuables of a house on nails (Kg1 10:…
Versículo 25
23. nail . . . fastened--Shebna, who was supposed to be firmly fixed in his post.