THE SON OF GOD GREATER THAN MOSES, WHEREFORE UNBELIEF TOWARDS HIM WILL INCUR A HEAVIER PUNISHMENT THAN BEFELL UNBELIEVING ISRAEL IN THE WILDERNESS. (Heb. 3:1-19) Wherefore--Greek, "Whence," that is, seeing we have suc…
1Por tanto, hermanos santos, participantes del llamamiento celestial, considerad al apóstol y sumo sacerdote de nuestra profesión, Cristo Jesús;
2el cual es fiel al que le constituyó, como también lo fue Moisés en toda la casa de Dios.
3Porque de tanto mayor gloria que Moisés es estimado digno este, cuanto tiene mayor honra que la casa el que la hizo.
4Porque toda casa es hecha por alguno; pero el que hizo todas las cosas es Dios.
5Y Moisés a la verdad fue fiel en toda la casa de Dios, como siervo, para testimonio de lo que se iba a decir;
6pero Cristo como hijo sobre su casa, la cual casa somos nosotros, si retenemos firme hasta el fin la confianza y el gloriarnos en la esperanza.
7Por lo cual, como dice el Espíritu Santo: Si oyereis hoy su voz,
8No endurezcáis vuestros corazones, Como en la provocación, en el día de la tentación en el desierto,
9Donde me tentaron vuestros padres; me probaron, Y vieron mis obras cuarenta años.
10A causa de lo cual me disgusté contra esa generación, Y dije: Siempre andan vagando en su corazón, Y no han conocido mis caminos.
11Por tanto, juré en mi ira: No entrarán en mi reposo.
12Mirad, hermanos, que no haya en ninguno de vosotros corazón malo de incredulidad para apartarse del Dios vivo;
13antes exhortaos los unos a los otros cada día, entre tanto que se dice: Hoy; para que ninguno de vosotros se endurezca por el engaño del pecado.
14Porque somos hechos participantes de Cristo, con tal que retengamos firme hasta el fin nuestra confianza del principio,
15entre tanto que se dice: Si oyereis hoy su voz, No endurezcáis vuestros corazones, como en la provocación.
16¿Quiénes fueron los que, habiendo oído, le provocaron? ¿No fueron todos los que salieron de Egipto por mano de Moisés?
17¿Y con quiénes estuvo él disgustado cuarenta años? ¿No fue con los que pecaron, cuyos cuerpos cayeron en el desierto?
18¿Y a quiénes juró que no entrarían en su reposo, sino a aquellos que desobedecieron?
19Y vemos que no pudieron entrar a causa de incredulidad.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
I
Versículo 2
I. He first notes the feature of resemblance between Moses and Christ, in order to conciliate the He…
He first notes the feature of resemblance between Moses and Christ, in order to conciliate the Hebrew Christians whom He addressed, and who still entertained a very high opinion of Moses; he afterwards brings forward Christ's superiority to Moses.
Who was faithful--The Greek implies also that He still is faithful, namely, as our mediating High Priest, faithful to the trust God has assigned Him (Heb 2:17). So Moses in God's house (Num 12:7).
appointed him--"made Him" HIGH PRIEST; to be supplied from the preceding context. Greek, "made"; so in Heb 5:5; Sa1 12:6, Margin; Act 2:36; so the Greek fathers. Not as ALFORD, with AMBROSE and the Latins, "created Him," that is, as man, in His incarnation. The likeness of Moses to Messiah was foretold by Moses himself (Deu 18:15). Other prophets only explained Moses, who was in this respect superior to them; but Christ was like Moses, yet superior.
II
Versículo 3
II. For--assigning the reason why they should "consider" attentively "Christ" (Heb 3:1), highly as th…
For--assigning the reason why they should "consider" attentively "Christ" (Heb 3:1), highly as they regard Moses who resembled Him in faithfulness (Heb 3:2).
was--Greek, "has been."
counted worthy of more glory--by God, when He exalted Him to His own right hand. The Hebrew Christians admitted the fact (Heb 1:13).
builded the house--Greek, "inasmuch as He hath more honor than the house, who prepared it," or "established it" [ALFORD]. The Greek verb is used purposely instead of "builded," in order to mark that the building meant is not a literal, but a spiritual house: the Church both of the Old Testament and New Testament; and that the building of such a house includes all the preparations of providence and grace needed to furnish it with "living stones" and fitting "servants." Thus, as Christ the Founder and Establisher (in Old Testament as well as the New Testament) is greater than the house so established, including the servants, He is greater also than Moses, who was but a "servant." Moses, as a servant, is a portion of the house, and less than the house; Christ, as the Instrumental Creator of all things, must be God, and so greater than the house of which Moses was but a part. Glory is the result of honor.
III
Versículo 4
III. Someone must be the establisher of every house; Moses was not the establisher of the house, but a…
Someone must be the establisher of every house; Moses was not the establisher of the house, but a portion of it (but He who established all things, and therefore the spiritual house in question, is God). Christ, as being instrumentally the Establisher of all things, must be the Establisher of the house, and so greater than Moses.
IV
Versículo 5
IV. faithful in all his house--that is in all GOD'S house (Heb 3:4).
faithful in all his house--that is in all GOD'S house (Heb 3:4).
servant--not here the Greek for "slave," but "a ministering attendant"; marking the high office of Moses towards God, though inferior to Christ, a kind of steward.
for a testimony of, &c.--in order that he might in his typical institutions give "testimony" to Israel "of the things" of the Gospel "which were to be spoken afterwards" by Christ (Heb 8:5; Heb 9:8, Heb 9:23; Heb 10:1).
V
Versículo 6
V. But Christ--was and is faithful (Heb 3:2).
But Christ--was and is faithful (Heb 3:2).
as a son over his own house--rather, "over His (GOD'S, Heb 3:4) house"; and therefore, as the inference from His being one with God, over His own house. So Heb 10:21, "having an High Priest over the house of God." Christ enters His Father's house as the Master [OVER it], but Moses as a servant [IN it, Heb 3:2, Heb 3:5] [CHRYSOSTOM]. An ambassador in the absence of the king is very distinguished--in the presence of the king he falls back into the multitude [BENGEL].
whose house are we--Paul and his Hebrew readers. One old manuscript, with Vulgate and LUCIFER, reads, "which house"; but the weightiest manuscripts support English Version reading.
the rejoicing--rather, "the matter of rejoicing."
of the hope--"of our hope." Since all our good things lie in hopes, we ought so to hold fast our hopes as already to rejoice, as though our hopes were realized [CHRYSOSTOM].
firm unto the end--omitted in LUCIFER and AMBROSE, and in one oldest manuscript, but supported by most oldest manuscripts.
VI
Versículo 7
VI. Exhortation from Psa 95:7-11, not through unbelief to lose participation in the spiritual house. …
Exhortation from Psa 95:7-11, not through unbelief to lose participation in the spiritual house. Seeing that we are the house of God if we hold fast our confidence . . . (Heb 3:6). Jesus is "faithful," be not ye unfaithful (Heb 3:2, Heb 3:12). The sentence beginning with "wherefore," interrupted by the parenthesis confirming the argument from Psa 95:7-11, is completed at Heb 3:12, "Take heed," &c.
Holy Ghost saith--by the inspired Psalmist; so that the words of the latter are the words of God Himself.
To-day--at length; in David's day, as contrasted with the days of Moses in the wilderness, and the whole time since then, during which they had been rebellious against God's voice; as for instance, in the wilderness (Heb 3:8). The Psalm, each fresh time when used in public worship, by "to-day," will mean the particular day when it was, or is, used.
hear--obediently.
his voice--of grace.
VII
Versículo 8
VII. Harden not your hearts--This phrase here only is used of man's own act; usually of God's act (Rom…
Harden not your hearts--This phrase here only is used of man's own act; usually of God's act (Rom 9:18). When man is spoken of as the agent in hardening, the phrase usually is, "harden his neck," or "back" (Neh 9:17).
provocation . . . temptation--"Massah-meribah," translated in Margin "tentation . . . chiding," or "strife" (Exo 17:1-7). Both names seem to refer to that one event, the murmuring of the people against the Lord at Rephidim for want of water. The first offense especially ought to be guarded against, and is the most severely reproved, as it is apt to produce many more. Num 20:1-13 and Deu 33:8 mention a second similar occasion in the wilderness of Sin, near Kadesh, also called Meribah.
in the day--Greek, "according to the day of."
VIII
Versículo 9
VIII. When--rather, "Where," namely, in the wilderness.
When--rather, "Where," namely, in the wilderness.
your fathers--The authority of the ancients is not conclusive [BENGEL].
tempted me, proved me--The oldest manuscripts read, "tempted (Me) in the way of testing," that is, putting (Me) to the proof whether I was able and willing to relieve them, not believing that I am so.
saw my works forty years--They saw, without being led thereby to repentance, My works of power partly in affording miraculous help, partly in executing vengeance, forty years. The "forty years" joined in the Hebrew and Septuagint, and below, Heb 3:17, with "I was grieved," is here joined with "they saw." Both are true; for, during the same forty years that they were tempting God by unbelief, notwithstanding their seeing God's miraculous works, God was being grieved. The lesson intended to be hinted to the Hebrew Christians is, their "to-day" is to last only between the first preaching of the Gospel and Jerusalem's impending overthrow, namely, FORTY YEARS; exactly the number of years of Israel's sojourn in the wilderness, until the full measure of their guilt having been filled up all the rebels were overthrown.
IX
Versículo 10
IX. grieved--displeased. Compare "walk contrary," Lev 26:24, Lev 26:28.
grieved--displeased. Compare "walk contrary," Lev 26:24, Lev 26:28.
that generation--"that" implies alienation and estrangement. But the oldest manuscripts read, "this."
said--"grieved," or "displeased," at their first offense. Subsequently when they hardened their heart in unbelief still more, He sware in His wrath (Heb 3:11); an ascending gradation (compare Heb 3:17-18).
and they have not known--Greek, "But these very persons," &c. They perceived I was displeased with them, yet they, the same persons, did not a whit the more wish to know my ways [BENGEL]; compare "but they," Psa 106:43.
not known my ways--not known practically and believingly the ways in which I would have had them go, so as to reach My rest (Exo 18:20).
X
Versículo 11
X. So--literally, "as."
So--literally, "as."
I sware--BENGEL remarks the oath of God preceded the forty years.
not--literally, "If they shall enter . . . (God do so to me and more also)," Sa2 3:35. The Greek is the same, Mar 8:12.
my rest--Canaan, primarily, their rest after wandering in the wilderness: still, even when in it, they never fully enjoyed rest; whence it followed that the threat extended farther than the exclusion of the unbelieving from the literal land of rest, and that the rest promised to the believing in its full blessedness was, and is, yet future: Psa 25:13; Psa 37:9, Psa 37:11, Psa 37:22, Psa 37:29, and Christ's own beatitude (Mat 5:5) all accord with this, Heb 3:9.
XI
Versículo 12
XI. Take heed--to be joined with "wherefore," Heb 3:7.
Take heed--to be joined with "wherefore," Heb 3:7.
lest there be--Greek (indicative), "lest there shall be"; lest there be, as I fear there is; implying that it is not merely a possible contingency, but that there is ground for thinking it will be so.
in any--"in any one of you." Not merely ought all in general be on their guard, but they ought to be so concerned for the safety of each one member, as not to suffer any one to perish through their negligence [CALVIN].
heart--The heart is not to be trusted. Compare Heb 3:10, "They do always err in their heart."
unbelief--faithlessness. Christ is faithful; therefore, saith Paul to the Hebrews, we ought not to be faithless as our fathers were under Moses.
departing--apostatizing. The opposite of "come unto" Him (Heb 4:16). God punishes such apostates in kind. He departs from them--the worst of woes.
the living God--real: the distinctive characteristic of the God of Israel, not like the lifeless gods of the heathen; therefore One whose threats are awful realities. To apostatize from Christ is to apostatize from the living God (Heb 2:3).
XII
Versículo 13
XII. one another--Greek, "yourselves"; let each exhort himself and his neighbor.
one another--Greek, "yourselves"; let each exhort himself and his neighbor.
daily--Greek, "on each day," or "day by day."
while it is called To-day--while the "to-day" lasts (the day of grace, Luk 4:21, before the coming of the day of glory and judgment at Christ's coming, Heb 10:25, Heb 10:37). To-morrow is the day when idle men work, and fools repent. To-morrow is Satan's to-day; he cares not what good resolutions you form, if only you fix them for to-morrow.
lest . . . of you--The "you" is emphatic, as distinguished from "your fathers" (Heb 3:9). "That from among you no one (so the Greek order is in some of the oldest manuscripts) be hardened" (Heb 3:8).
deceitfulness--causing you to "err in your heart."
sin--unbelief.
XIII
Versículo 14
XIII. For, &c.--enforcing the warning, Heb 3:12.
For, &c.--enforcing the warning, Heb 3:12.
partakers of Christ--(Compare Heb 3:1, Heb 3:6). So "partakers of the Holy Ghost" (Heb 6:4).
hold--Greek, "hold fast."
the beginning of our confidence--that is, the confidence (literally, substantial, solid confidence) of faith which we have begun (Heb 6:11; Heb 12:2). A Christian so long as he is not made perfect, considers himself as a beginner [BENGEL].
unto the end--unto the coming of Christ (Heb 12:2).
XIV
Versículo 15
XIV. While it is said--connected with Heb 3:13, "exhort one another . . . while it is said, To-day": H…
While it is said--connected with Heb 3:13, "exhort one another . . . while it is said, To-day": Heb 3:14, "for we are made partakers," &c., being a parenthesis. "It entirely depends on yourselves that the invitation of the ninety-fifth Psalm be not a mere invitation, but also an actual enjoyment." ALFORD translates, "Since (that is, 'for') it is said," &c., regarding Heb 3:15 as a proof that we must "hold . . . confidence . . . unto the end," in order to be "partakers of Christ."
XV
Versículo 16
XV. For some--rather interrogatively, "For WHO was it that, when they had heard (referring to 'if ye …
For some--rather interrogatively, "For WHO was it that, when they had heard (referring to 'if ye will hear,' Heb 3:15), did provoke (God)?" The "For" implies, Ye need to take heed against unbelief: for, was it not because of unbelief that all our fathers were excluded (Eze 2:3)? "Some," and "not all," would be a faint way of putting his argument, when his object is to show the universality of the evil. Not merely some, but all the Israelites, for the solitary exceptions, Joshua and Caleb, are hardly to be taken into account in so general a statement. So Heb 3:17-18, are interrogative: (1) the beginning of the provocation, soon after the departure from Egypt, is marked in Heb 3:16; (2) the forty years of it in the wilderness, Heb 3:17; (3) the denial of entrance into the land of rest, Heb 3:18. Compare Note, see on Co1 10:5, "with the majority of them God was displeased."
howbeit--"Nay (why need I put the question?), was it not all that came out of Egypt?" (Exo 17:1-2).
by Moses--by the instrumentality of Moses as their leader.
16
Versículo 17
16. But--Translate, "Moreover," as it is not in contrast to Heb 3:16, but carrying out the same thought.
But--Translate, "Moreover," as it is not in contrast to Heb 3:16, but carrying out the same thought.
corpses--literally, "limbs," implying that their bodies fell limb from limb.
17
Versículo 18
17. to them that believed not--rather as Greek, "to them that disobeyed." Practical unbelief (Deu 1:26).
to them that believed not--rather as Greek, "to them that disobeyed." Practical unbelief (Deu 1:26).
18
Versículo 19
18. they could not enter--though desiring it.
they could not enter--though desiring it.
Next: Hebrews Chapter 4
Nuevo Testamento
Hebrews — Capítulo 3
THE SON OF GOD GREATER THAN MOSES, WHEREFORE UNBELIEF TOWARDS HIM WILL INCUR A HEAVIER PUNISHMENT THAN BEFELL UNBELIEVING ISRAEL IN THE WILDERNESS. (Heb. 3:1-19) Wherefore--Greek, "Whence," that is, seeing we have suc…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Por tanto, hermanos santos, participantes del llamamiento celestial, considerad al apóstol y sumo sacerdote de nuestra profesión, Cristo Jesús;
2el cual es fiel al que le constituyó, como también lo fue Moisés en toda la casa de Dios.
3Porque de tanto mayor gloria que Moisés es estimado digno este, cuanto tiene mayor honra que la casa el que la hizo.
4Porque toda casa es hecha por alguno; pero el que hizo todas las cosas es Dios.
5Y Moisés a la verdad fue fiel en toda la casa de Dios, como siervo, para testimonio de lo que se iba a decir;
6pero Cristo como hijo sobre su casa, la cual casa somos nosotros, si retenemos firme hasta el fin la confianza y el gloriarnos en la esperanza.
7Por lo cual, como dice el Espíritu Santo: Si oyereis hoy su voz,
8No endurezcáis vuestros corazones, Como en la provocación, en el día de la tentación en el desierto,
9Donde me tentaron vuestros padres; me probaron, Y vieron mis obras cuarenta años.
10A causa de lo cual me disgusté contra esa generación, Y dije: Siempre andan vagando en su corazón, Y no han conocido mis caminos.
11Por tanto, juré en mi ira: No entrarán en mi reposo.
12Mirad, hermanos, que no haya en ninguno de vosotros corazón malo de incredulidad para apartarse del Dios vivo;
13antes exhortaos los unos a los otros cada día, entre tanto que se dice: Hoy; para que ninguno de vosotros se endurezca por el engaño del pecado.
14Porque somos hechos participantes de Cristo, con tal que retengamos firme hasta el fin nuestra confianza del principio,
15entre tanto que se dice: Si oyereis hoy su voz, No endurezcáis vuestros corazones, como en la provocación.
16¿Quiénes fueron los que, habiendo oído, le provocaron? ¿No fueron todos los que salieron de Egipto por mano de Moisés?
17¿Y con quiénes estuvo él disgustado cuarenta años? ¿No fue con los que pecaron, cuyos cuerpos cayeron en el desierto?
18¿Y a quiénes juró que no entrarían en su reposo, sino a aquellos que desobedecieron?
19Y vemos que no pudieron entrar a causa de incredulidad.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
Versículo 2
I. He first notes the feature of resemblance between Moses and Christ, in order to conciliate the He…
Versículo 3
II. For--assigning the reason why they should "consider" attentively "Christ" (Heb 3:1), highly as th…
Versículo 4
III. Someone must be the establisher of every house; Moses was not the establisher of the house, but a…
Versículo 5
IV. faithful in all his house--that is in all GOD'S house (Heb 3:4).
Versículo 6
V. But Christ--was and is faithful (Heb 3:2).
Versículo 7
VI. Exhortation from Psa 95:7-11, not through unbelief to lose participation in the spiritual house. …
Versículo 8
VII. Harden not your hearts--This phrase here only is used of man's own act; usually of God's act (Rom…
Versículo 9
VIII. When--rather, "Where," namely, in the wilderness.
Versículo 10
IX. grieved--displeased. Compare "walk contrary," Lev 26:24, Lev 26:28.
Versículo 11
X. So--literally, "as."
Versículo 12
XI. Take heed--to be joined with "wherefore," Heb 3:7.
Versículo 13
XII. one another--Greek, "yourselves"; let each exhort himself and his neighbor.
Versículo 14
XIII. For, &c.--enforcing the warning, Heb 3:12.
Versículo 15
XIV. While it is said--connected with Heb 3:13, "exhort one another . . . while it is said, To-day": H…
Versículo 16
XV. For some--rather interrogatively, "For WHO was it that, when they had heard (referring to 'if ye …
Versículo 17
16. But--Translate, "Moreover," as it is not in contrast to Heb 3:16, but carrying out the same thought.
Versículo 18
17. to them that believed not--rather as Greek, "to them that disobeyed." Practical unbelief (Deu 1:26).
Versículo 19
18. they could not enter--though desiring it.