DETAILED APPLICATION OF THE PARABOLICAL DELINEATION OF THE FIFTEENTH CHAPTER TO JERUSALEM PERSONIFIED AS A DAUGHTER. (Eze. 16:1-63) cause Jerusalem to know--Men often are so blind as not to perceive their guilt which …
2Hijo de hombre, notifica a Jerusalén sus abominaciones,
3y di: Así ha dicho Jehová el Señor sobre Jerusalén: Tu origen, tu nacimiento, es de la tierra de Canaán; tu padre fue amorreo, y tu madre hetea.
4Y en cuanto a tu nacimiento, el día que naciste no fue cortado tu ombligo, ni fuiste lavada con aguas para limpiarte, ni salada con sal, ni fuiste envuelta con fajas.
5No hubo ojo que se compadeciese de ti para hacerte algo de esto, teniendo de ti misericordia; sino que fuiste arrojada sobre la faz del campo, con menosprecio de tu vida, en el día que naciste.
6Y yo pasé junto a ti, y te vi sucia en tus sangres, y cuando estabas en tus sangres te dije: ¡Vive! Sí, te dije, cuando estabas en tus sangres: ¡Vive!
7Te hice multiplicar como la hierba del campo; y creciste y te hiciste grande, y llegaste a ser muy hermosa; tus pechos se habían formado, y tu pelo había crecido; pero estabas desnuda y descubierta.
8Y pasé yo otra vez junto a ti, y te miré, y he aquí que tu tiempo era tiempo de amores; y extendí mi manto sobre ti, y cubrí tu desnudez; y te di juramento y entré en pacto contigo, dice Jehová el Señor, y fuiste mía.
9Te lavé con agua, y lavé tus sangres de encima de ti, y te ungí con aceite;
10y te vestí de bordado, te calcé de tejón, te ceñí de lino y te cubrí de seda.
11Te atavié con adornos, y puse brazaletes en tus brazos y collar a tu cuello.
12Puse joyas en tu nariz, y zarcillos en tus orejas, y una hermosa diadema en tu cabeza.
13Así fuiste adornada de oro y de plata, y tu vestido era de lino fino, seda y bordado; comiste flor de harina de trigo, miel y aceite; y fuiste hermoseada en extremo, prosperaste hasta llegar a reinar.
14Y salió tu renombre entre las naciones a causa de tu hermosura; porque era perfecta, a causa de mi hermosura que yo puse sobre ti, dice Jehová el Señor.
15Pero confiaste en tu hermosura, y te prostituiste a causa de tu renombre, y derramaste tus fornicaciones a cuantos pasaron; suya eras.
16Y tomaste de tus vestidos, y te hiciste diversos lugares altos, y fornicaste sobre ellos; cosa semejante nunca había sucedido, ni sucederá más.
17Tomaste asimismo tus hermosas alhajas de oro y de plata que yo te había dado, y te hiciste imágenes de hombre y fornicaste con ellas;
18y tomaste tus vestidos de diversos colores y las cubriste; y mi aceite y mi incienso pusiste delante de ellas.
19Mi pan también, que yo te había dado, la flor de la harina, el aceite y la miel, con que yo te mantuve, pusiste delante de ellas para olor agradable; y fue así, dice Jehová el Señor.
20Además de esto, tomaste tus hijos y tus hijas que habías dado a luz para mí, y los sacrificaste a ellas para que fuesen consumidos. ¿Eran poca cosa tus fornicaciones,
21para que degollases también a mis hijos y los ofrecieras a aquellas imágenes como ofrenda que el fuego consumía?
22Y con todas tus abominaciones y tus fornicaciones no te has acordado de los días de tu juventud, cuando estabas desnuda y descubierta, cuando estabas envuelta en tu sangre.
23Y sucedió que después de toda tu maldad (¡ay, ay de ti! dice Jehová el Señor),
24te edificaste lugares altos, y te hiciste altar en todas las plazas.
25En toda cabeza de camino edificaste lugar alto, e hiciste abominable tu hermosura, y te ofreciste a cuantos pasaban, y multiplicaste tus fornicaciones.
26Y fornicaste con los hijos de Egipto, tus vecinos, gruesos de carnes; y aumentaste tus fornicaciones para enojarme.
27Por tanto, he aquí que yo extendí contra ti mi mano, y disminuí tu provisión ordinaria, y te entregué a la voluntad de las hijas de los filisteos, que te aborrecen, las cuales se avergüenzan de tu camino deshonesto.
28Fornicaste también con los asirios, por no haberte saciado; y fornicaste con ellos y tampoco te saciaste.
29Multiplicaste asimismo tu fornicación en la tierra de Canaán y de los caldeos, y tampoco con esto te saciaste.
30¡Cuán inconstante es tu corazón, dice Jehová el Señor, habiendo hecho todas estas cosas, obras de una ramera desvergonzada,
31edificando tus lugares altos en toda cabeza de camino, y haciendo tus altares en todas las plazas! Y no fuiste semejante a ramera, en que menospreciaste la paga,
32sino como mujer adúltera, que en lugar de su marido recibe a ajenos.
33A todas las rameras les dan dones; mas tú diste tus dones a todos tus enamorados; y les diste presentes, para que de todas partes se llegasen a ti en tus fornicaciones.
34Y ha sucedido contigo, en tus fornicaciones, lo contrario de las demás mujeres: porque ninguno te ha solicitado para fornicar, y tú das la paga, en lugar de recibirla; por esto has sido diferente.
35Por tanto, ramera, oye palabra de Jehová.
36Así ha dicho Jehová el Señor: Por cuanto han sido descubiertas tus desnudeces en tus fornicaciones, y tu confusión ha sido manifestada a tus enamorados, y a los ídolos de tus abominaciones, y en la sangre de tus hijos, los cuales les diste;
37por tanto, he aquí que yo reuniré a todos tus enamorados con los cuales tomaste placer, y a todos los que amaste, con todos los que aborreciste; y los reuniré alrededor de ti y les descubriré tu desnudez, y ellos verán toda tu desnudez.
38Y yo te juzgaré por las leyes de las adúlteras, y de las que derraman sangre; y traeré sobre ti sangre de ira y de celos.
39Y te entregaré en manos de ellos; y destruirán tus lugares altos, y derribarán tus altares, y te despojarán de tus ropas, se llevarán tus hermosas alhajas, y te dejarán desnuda y descubierta.
40Y harán subir contra ti muchedumbre de gente, y te apedrearán, y te atravesarán con sus espadas.
41Quemarán tus casas a fuego, y harán en ti juicios en presencia de muchas mujeres; y así haré que dejes de ser ramera, y que ceses de prodigar tus dones.
42Y saciaré mi ira sobre ti, y se apartará de ti mi celo, y descansaré y no me enojaré más.
43Por cuanto no te acordaste de los días de tu juventud, y me provocaste a ira en todo esto, por eso, he aquí yo también traeré tu camino sobre tu cabeza, dice Jehová el Señor; pues ni aun has pensado sobre toda tu lujuria.
44He aquí, todo el que usa de refranes te aplicará a ti el refrán que dice: Cual la madre, tal la hija.
45Hija eres tú de tu madre, que desechó a su marido y a sus hijos; y hermana eres tú de tus hermanas, que desecharon a sus maridos y a sus hijos; vuestra madre fue hetea, y vuestro padre amorreo.
46Y tu hermana mayor es Samaria, ella y sus hijas, que habitan al norte de ti; y tu hermana menor es Sodoma con sus hijas, la cual habita al sur de ti.
47Ni aun anduviste en sus caminos, ni hiciste según sus abominaciones; antes, como si esto fuera poco y muy poco, te corrompiste más que ellas en todos tus caminos.
48Vivo yo, dice Jehová el Señor, que Sodoma tu hermana y sus hijas no han hecho como hiciste tú y tus hijas.
49He aquí que esta fue la maldad de Sodoma tu hermana: soberbia, saciedad de pan, y abundancia de ociosidad tuvieron ella y sus hijas; y no fortaleció la mano del afligido y del menesteroso.
50Y se llenaron de soberbia, e hicieron abominación delante de mí, y cuando lo vi las quité.
51Y Samaria no cometió ni la mitad de tus pecados; porque tú multiplicaste tus abominaciones más que ellas, y has justificado a tus hermanas con todas las abominaciones que tú hiciste.
52Tú también, que juzgaste a tus hermanas, lleva tu vergüenza en los pecados que tú hiciste, más abominables que los de ellas; más justas son que tú; avergüénzate, pues, tú también, y lleva tu confusión, por cuanto has justificado a tus hermanas.
53Yo, pues, haré volver a sus cautivos, los cautivos de Sodoma y de sus hijas, y los cautivos de Samaria y de sus hijas, y haré volver los cautivos de tus cautiverios entre ellas,
54para que lleves tu confusión, y te avergüences de todo lo que has hecho, siendo tú motivo de consuelo para ellas.
55Y tus hermanas, Sodoma con sus hijas y Samaria con sus hijas, volverán a su primer estado; tú también y tus hijas volveréis a vuestro primer estado.
56No era tu hermana Sodoma digna de mención en tu boca en el tiempo de tus soberbias,
57antes que tu maldad fuese descubierta. Así también ahora llevas tú la afrenta de las hijas de Siria y de todas las hijas de los filisteos, las cuales por todos lados te desprecian.
58Sufre tú el castigo de tu lujuria y de tus abominaciones, dice Jehová.
59Pero más ha dicho Jehová el Señor: ¿Haré yo contigo como tú hiciste, que menospreciaste el juramento para invalidar el pacto?
60Antes yo tendré memoria de mi pacto que concerté contigo en los días de tu juventud, y estableceré contigo un pacto sempiterno.
61Y te acordarás de tus caminos y te avergonzarás, cuando recibas a tus hermanas, las mayores que tú y las menores que tú, las cuales yo te daré por hijas, mas no por tu pacto,
62sino por mi pacto que yo confirmaré contigo; y sabrás que yo soy Jehová;
63para que te acuerdes y te avergüences, y nunca más abras la boca, a causa de tu vergüenza, cuando yo perdone todo lo que hiciste, dice Jehová el Señor.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
I
Versículo 3
I. birth . . . nativity--thy origin and birth; literally, "thy diggings" (compare Isa 51:1) "and thy…
birth . . . nativity--thy origin and birth; literally, "thy diggings" (compare Isa 51:1) "and thy bringings forth."
of . . . Canaan--in which Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob sojourned before going to Egypt, and from which thou didst derive far more of thy innate characteristics than from the virtues of those thy progenitors (Eze 21:30).
an Amorite . . . an Hittite--These, being the most powerful tribes, stand for the whole of the Canaanite nations (compare Jos 1:4; Amo 2:9), which were so abominably corrupt as to have been doomed to utter extermination by God (Lev 18:24-25, Lev 18:28; Deu 18:12). Translate rather, "the Amorite . . . the Canaanite," that is, these two tribes personified; their wicked characteristics, respectively, were concentrated in the parentage of Israel (Gen 15:16). "The Hittite" is made their "mother"; alluding to Esau's wives, daughters of Heth, whose ways vexed Rebekah (Gen 26:34-35; Gen 27:46), but pleased the degenerate descendants of Jacob, so that these are called, in respect of morals, children of the Hittite (compare Eze 16:45).
II
Versículo 4
II. Israel's helplessness in her first struggling into national existence, under the image of an infa…
Israel's helplessness in her first struggling into national existence, under the image of an infant (Hos 2:3) cast forth without receiving the commonest acts of parental regard. Its very life was a miracle (Exo 1:15-22).
navel . . . not cut--Without proper attention to the navel cord, the infant just born is liable to die.
neither . . . washed in water to supple thee--that is, to make the skin soft. Rather, "for purification"; from an Arabic root [MAURER]. GESENIUS translates as the Margin, "that thou mightest (be presented to thy parents to) be looked upon," as is customary on the birth of a child.
salted--Anciently they rubbed infants with salt to make the skin firm.
III
Versículo 5
III. cast . . . in . . . open field--The exposure of infants was common in ancient times.
cast . . . in . . . open field--The exposure of infants was common in ancient times.
to the loathing of thy person--referring to the unsightly aspect of the exposed infant. FAIRBAIRN translates, "With contempt (or disdainful indifference) of thy life."
IV
Versículo 6
IV. when I passed by--as if a traveller.
when I passed by--as if a traveller.
polluted in . . . blood--but PISCATOR, "ready to be trodden on."
I said--In contrast to Israel's helplessness stands God's omnipotent word of grace which bids the outcast little one "live."
in thy blood--Though thou wast foul with blood, I said, "Live" [GROTIUS]. "Live in thy blood," that is, Live, but live a life exposed to many deaths, as was the case in the beginnings of Israel's national existence, in order to magnify the grace of God [CALVIN]. The former view is preferable. Spiritually, till the sinner is made sensible of his abject helplessness, he will not appreciate the provisions of God's grace.
V
Versículo 7
V. caused . . . to multiply--literally, "I . . . made thee a myriad."
caused . . . to multiply--literally, "I . . . made thee a myriad."
bud of . . . field--the produce of the field. In two hundred fifty years they increased from seventy-five persons to eight hundred thousand (Act 7:14) [CALVIN]. But see Exo 12:37-38.
excellent ornaments--literally, "ornament of ornaments."
naked . . . bare-- (Hos 2:3). Literally, "nakedness . . . bareness" itself; more emphatic.
VI
Versículo 8
VI. thy time of love--literally, "loves" (compare Sol 2:10-13). Thou wast of marriageable age, but no…
thy time of love--literally, "loves" (compare Sol 2:10-13). Thou wast of marriageable age, but none was willing to marry thee, naked as thou wast. I then regarded thee with a look of grace when the full time of thy deliverance was come (Gen 15:13-14; Act 7:6-7). It is not she that makes the advance to God, but God to her; she has nothing to entitle her to such notice, yet He regards her not with mere benevolence, but with love, such as one cherishes to the person of his wife (Sol 1:3-6; Jer 31:3; Mal 1:2).
spread my skirt over thee--the mode of espousals (Rut 3:9). I betrothed thee (Deu 4:37; Deu 10:15; Hos 11:1). The cloak is often used as a bed coverlet in the East. God explains what He means, "I entered into . . . covenant with thee," that is, at Sinai. So Israel became "the wife of God's covenant" (Isa 54:5; Jer 3:14; Hos 2:19-20; Mal 2:14).
thou . . . mine-- (Exo 19:5; Jer 2:2).
VII
Versículo 9
VII. washed I thee--as brides used to pass through a preparatory purification (Est 2:12). So Israel, b…
washed I thee--as brides used to pass through a preparatory purification (Est 2:12). So Israel, before the giving of the law at Sinai (Exo 19:14); "Moses sanctified the people, and they washed their clothes." So believers (Co1 6:11).
oil--emblem of the Levitical priesthood, the type of Messiah (Psa 45:7).
VIII
Versículo 10
VIII. eze 16:10Psa 45:13-14, similarly describes the Church (Israel, the appointed mother of Christendo…
eze 16:10Psa 45:13-14, similarly describes the Church (Israel, the appointed mother of Christendom) adorned as a bride (so Isa 61:10). It is Messiah who provides the wedding garment (Rev 3:18; Rev 19:8).
badgers' skin--tahash; others translate, "seal skins." They formed the over-covering of the tabernacle, which was, as it were, the nuptial tent of God and Israel (Exo 26:14), and the material of the shoes worn by the Hebrews on festival days. (See on Exo 25:5).
fine linen--used by the priests (Lev 6:10); emblem of purity.
IX
Versículo 11
IX. The marriage gifts to Rebekah (Gen 24:22, Gen 24:47).
The marriage gifts to Rebekah (Gen 24:22, Gen 24:47).
X
Versículo 12
X. jewel on thy forehead--rather, "a ring in thy nose" (Isa 3:21).
jewel on thy forehead--rather, "a ring in thy nose" (Isa 3:21).
a crown--at once the badge of a bride, and of her being made a queen, as being consort of the King; the very name Israel meaning "a prince of God." So they are called "a kingdom of priests" (Exo 19:6; compare Rev 1:6). Though the external blessings bestowed on Israel were great, yet not these, but the internal and spiritual, form the main reference in the kingly marriage to which Israel was advanced.
XI
Versículo 13
XI. flour . . . honey . . . oil--These three mixed form the sweetest cakes; not dry bread and leeks a…
flour . . . honey . . . oil--These three mixed form the sweetest cakes; not dry bread and leeks as in Egypt. From raiment He passes to food (Deu 32:13-14).
exceeding beautiful-- Psa 48:2, the city; also, Psa 29:2, the temple.
prosper into a kingdom--exercising empire over surrounding nations.
XII
Versículo 14
XII. thy renown . . . among . . . heathen--The theocracy reached its highest point under Solomon, when…
thy renown . . . among . . . heathen--The theocracy reached its highest point under Solomon, when distant potentates heard of his "fame" (Kg1 10:1, &c.), for example, the queen of Sheba, Hiram, &c. (Lam 2:15).
my comeliness--It was not thine own, but imparted by Me.
XIII
Versículo 15
XIII. Instead of attributing the glory of her privileges and gifts to God, Israel prided herself on the…
Instead of attributing the glory of her privileges and gifts to God, Israel prided herself on them as her own (Deu 32:15; Jer 7:4; Mic 3:11), and then wantonly devoted them to her idols (Hos 2:8; compare Luk 15:12-13).
playedst . . . harlot because of thy renown--"didst play the wanton upon thy name" [FAIRBAIRN], namely, by allowing thy renown to lead thee into idolatry and leagues with idolaters (Isa 1:21; Isa 57:8; Jer 3:2, Jer 3:6). English Version is better, "because of thy renown," that is, relying on it; answering to "thou didst trust in thine own beauty."
his it was--Thy beauty was yielded up to every passer-by Israel's zest for the worship of foul idols was but an anxiety to have the approbation of heaven for their carnal lusts, of which the idols were the personification; hence, too, their tendency to wander from Jehovah, who was a restraint on corrupt nature.
XIV
Versículo 16
XIV. deckedst . . . with divers colours--or, "didst make . . . of divers colors" [FAIRBAIRN]; the meta…
deckedst . . . with divers colours--or, "didst make . . . of divers colors" [FAIRBAIRN]; the metaphor and the literal are here mixed. The high places whereon they sacrificed to Astarte are here compared to tents of divers colors, which an impudent harlot would spread to show her house was open to all [CALVIN]. Compare as to "woven hangings for Astarte" (the right translation for "grove") Kg2 23:7.
the like . . . shall not come, neither shall . . . be--rather, "have not come, nor shall be." These thy doings are unparalleled in the past, and shall be so in the future.
XV
Versículo 17
XV. my gold . . . my silver-- (Hag 2:8).
my gold . . . my silver-- (Hag 2:8).
images of men--rather, "of the phallus," the Hindu lingam, or membrum virile [HAVERNICK], deified as the emblem of fecundity; man making his lust his god. English Version, however, is appropriate; Israel being represented as a woman playing the harlot with "male images," that is, images of male gods, as distinguished from female deities.
16
Versículo 18
16. tookest thy . . . garments . . . coveredst them--that is, the idols, as if an adulteress were to …
tookest thy . . . garments . . . coveredst them--that is, the idols, as if an adulteress were to cover her paramours with garments which she had received from the liberality of her husband.
my oil--the holy anointing oil sacred to God (Exo 30:22-25). Also that used in sacrifices (Lev 2:1-2).
17
Versículo 19
17. My meat . . . I gave-- (Hos 2:8).
My meat . . . I gave-- (Hos 2:8).
set it before them--as a minchah or "meat offering" (Lev 2:1).
a sweet savour--literally "a savor of rest," that is, whereby they might be propitiated, and be at peace ("rest") with you; how ridiculous to seek to propitiate gods of wood!
thus it was--The fact cannot be denied, for I saw it, and say it was so, saith Jehovah.
18
Versículo 20
18. sons and . . . daughters borne unto me--Though "thy children," yet they belong "unto Me," rather …
sons and . . . daughters borne unto me--Though "thy children," yet they belong "unto Me," rather than to thee, for they were born under the immutable covenant with Israel, which even Israel's sin could not set aside, and they have received the sign of adoption as Mine, namely, circumcision. This aggravates the guilt of sacrificing them to Molech.
to be devoured--not merely to pass through the fire, as sometimes children were made to do (Lev 18:21) without hurt, but to pass through so as to be made the food of the flame in honor of idols (see on Isa 57:5; Jer 7:31; Jer 19:5; Jer 32:35).
Is this of thy whoredoms a small matter, that thou hast slain my children--rather, "Were thy whoredoms a small matter (that is, not enough, but) that thou hast slain (that is, must also slay)," &c. As if thy unchastity was not enough, thou hast added this unnatural and sacrilegious cruelty (Mic 6:7).
19
Versículo 22
19. not remembered . . . youth--Forgetfulness of God's love is the source of all sins. Israel forgot …
not remembered . . . youth--Forgetfulness of God's love is the source of all sins. Israel forgot her deliverance by God in the infancy of her national life. See Eze 16:43, to which Eze 16:60 forms a lovely contrast (Jer 2:2; Hos 11:1).
20
Versículo 23
20. woe, woe unto thee, &c.--This parenthetical exclamation has an awful effect coming like a lightni…
woe, woe unto thee, &c.--This parenthetical exclamation has an awful effect coming like a lightning flash of judgment amidst the black clouds of Israel's guilt.
21
Versículo 24
21. eminent place--rather, "a fornication-chamber," often connected with the impure rites of idolatry…
eminent place--rather, "a fornication-chamber," often connected with the impure rites of idolatry; spiritual fornication, on "an eminent place," answering to "fornication-chamber," is mainly meant, with an allusion also to the literal fornication associated with it (Jer 2:20; Jer 3:2).
22
Versículo 25
22. at every head of the way--in the most frequented places (Pro 9:14).
at every head of the way--in the most frequented places (Pro 9:14).
thy beauty . . . abhorred, . . . opened . . . feet to every one--The wanton advances were all on Israel's part; the idolatrous nations yielded to her nothing in return. She had yielded so much that, like a worn-out prostitute, her tempters became weary of her. When the Church lowers her testimony for God to the carnal tastes of the world, with a view to conciliation, she loses everything and gains nothing.
23
Versículo 26
23. fornication with . . . Egyptians--alliances with Egypt, cemented by sharing their idolatries.
fornication with . . . Egyptians--alliances with Egypt, cemented by sharing their idolatries.
great of flesh--of powerful virile parts; figuratively for the gross and lustful religion of Egypt (for example, Isis, &c.), which alone could satisfy the abominable lust of Israel (Eze 20:7-8; Eze 23:19-21).
to provoke me--wantonly and purposely.
24
Versículo 27
24. The consequent judgments, which, however, proved of no avail in reforming the people (Isa 9:13; J…
The consequent judgments, which, however, proved of no avail in reforming the people (Isa 9:13; Jer 5:3).
delivered thee unto . . . Philistines-- (Kg2 16:6; Ch2 28:18-19).
ashamed of thy lewd way--The Philistines were less wanton in idolatry, in that they did not, like Israel, adopt the idols of every foreign country but were content with their own (Eze 16:57; Jer 2:11).
25
Versículo 28
25. unsatiable--Not satisfied with whoredoms with neighbors, thou hast gone off to the distant Assyri…
unsatiable--Not satisfied with whoredoms with neighbors, thou hast gone off to the distant Assyrians, that is, hast sought a league with them, and with it adopted their idolatries.
multiplied . . . fornication in . . . Canaan unto Chaldea--Thou hast multiplied thy idolatries "in Canaan" by sending "unto Chaldea" to borrow from thence the Chaldean rites, to add to the abominations already practised "in Canaan," before the carrying away of Jehoiachin to Chaldea. The name "Canaan" is used to imply that they had made Judea as much the scene of abominations as it was in the days of the corrupt Canaanites. The land had become utterly Canaanitish (Eze 23:14, &c.).
27
Versículo 30
27. weak . . . heart--Sin weakens the intellect ("heart") as, on the contrary, "the way of the Lord i…
weak . . . heart--Sin weakens the intellect ("heart") as, on the contrary, "the way of the Lord is strength to the upright" (Pro 10:29).
28
Versículo 31
28. Repetition of Eze 16:24.
Repetition of Eze 16:24.
not . . . as . . . harlot . . . thou scornest hire--Unlike an ordinary harlot thou dost prostitute thy person gratis, merely to satisfy thy lust. JEROME translates, "Thou hast not been as a harlot in scorning (that is, who ordinarily scorns) a hire offered," in order to get a larger one: nay, thou hast offered hire thyself to thy lovers (Eze 16:33-34). But these verses show English Version to be preferable, for they state that Israel prostituted herself, not merely for any small reward without demanding more, but for "no reward."
29
Versículo 32
29. instead of her husband--referring to Num 5:19-20, Num 5:29. FAIRBAIRN translates, "whilst under h…
instead of her husband--referring to Num 5:19-20, Num 5:29. FAIRBAIRN translates, "whilst under her husband."
30
Versículo 33
30. Israel hired her paramours, instead of being, like other harlots, hired by them; she also followe…
Israel hired her paramours, instead of being, like other harlots, hired by them; she also followed them without their following her.
31
Versículo 35
31. Here begins the threat of wrath to be poured out on her.
Here begins the threat of wrath to be poured out on her.
32
Versículo 36
32. filthiness--literally, "brass"; metaphor for the lowest part of the person [CALVIN]. English Vers…
filthiness--literally, "brass"; metaphor for the lowest part of the person [CALVIN]. English Version is better: thy filthy lewdness is poured out without restraint (compare Jer 13:27). As silver is an emblem of purity, brass typifies "filthiness," because it easily contracts rust. HENDERSON explains it, "Because thy money was lavished on thy lovers" (Eze 16:31, Eze 16:33-34).
blood of thy children-- (Eze 16:20; Jer 2:34).
33
Versículo 37
33. thy lovers--the Chaldeans and the Assyrians. The law of retribution is the more signally exemplif…
thy lovers--the Chaldeans and the Assyrians. The law of retribution is the more signally exemplified by God employing, as His instruments of judgment on Israel, those very nations whose alliance and idols Israel had so eagerly sought, besides giving her up to those who had been always her enemies. "God will make him, who leaves God for the world, disgraced even in the eyes of the world, and indeed the more so the nearer he formerly stood to Himself" [HENGSTENBERG], (Isa 47:3; Jer 13:26; Hos 2:12; Nah 3:5).
all . . . thou hast hated--the Edomites and Philistines; also Moab and Ammon especially (Deu 23:3).
I . . . will discover thy nakedness--punishment in kind, as she had "discovered her nakedness through whoredoms" (Eze 16:36); the sin and its penalty corresponded. I will expose thee to public infamy.
34
Versículo 38
34. judge thee, as women that break wedlock-- (Lev 20:10; compare Eze 16:2). In the case of individua…
judge thee, as women that break wedlock-- (Lev 20:10; compare Eze 16:2). In the case of individual adulteresses, stoning was the penalty (Joh 8:4-5). In the case of communities, the sword. Also apostasy (Deu 13:10) and sacrificing children to Molech (Lev 20:1-5) incurred stoning. Thus the penalty was doubly due to Israel; so the other which was decreed against an apostate city (Deu 13:15-16) is added, "they shall stone thee with stones and thrust thee through with . . . swords." The Chaldeans hurled stones on Jerusalem at the siege and slew with the sword on its capture.
shed blood . . . judged-- (Gen 9:6).
jealousy--image taken from the fury of a husband in jealousy shedding the blood of an unfaithful wife, such as Israel had been towards God, her husband spiritually. Literally, "I will make thee (to become) blood of fury and jealousy."
35
Versículo 39
35. thine eminent place--literally, "fornication-chamber" (see on Eze 16:24), the temple which Israel…
thine eminent place--literally, "fornication-chamber" (see on Eze 16:24), the temple which Israel had converted into a place of spiritual fornication with idols, to please the Chaldeans (Eze 23:14-17).
strip thee of . . . clothes-- (Eze 23:26; Hos 2:3). They shall dismantle thy city of its walls.
fair jewels--literally, "vessels of thy fairness" or beauty; the vessels of the temple [GROTIUS]. All the gifts wherewith God hath adorned thee [CALVIN].
36
Versículo 40
36. (Eze 23:10, Eze 23:47). Compare as to the destruction under Titus, Luk 19:43-44.
(Eze 23:10, Eze 23:47). Compare as to the destruction under Titus, Luk 19:43-44.
37
Versículo 41
37. The result of the awful judgment shall be, when divine vengeance has run its course, it shall cease.
The result of the awful judgment shall be, when divine vengeance has run its course, it shall cease.
burn-- (Deu 13:16; Kg2 25:9).
women--the surrounding Gentile nations to whom thou shalt be an object of mocking (Psa 137:7).
I will cause thee to cease . . . harlot-- (Eze 23:27). Thou shalt no longer be able to play the harlot through My judgments.
thou . . . shall give . . . no hire . . . any more--Thou shalt have none to give.
38
Versículo 42
38. my fury . . . rest--when My justice has exacted the full penalty commensurate with thy awful guil…
my fury . . . rest--when My justice has exacted the full penalty commensurate with thy awful guilt (see on Eze 5:13). It is not a mitigation of the penalty that is here foretold, but such an utter destruction of all the guilty that there shall be no need of further punishment [CALVIN].
39
Versículo 43
39. (Eze 16:22; Psa 78:42). In gratitude for God's favors to her in her early history.
(Eze 16:22; Psa 78:42). In gratitude for God's favors to her in her early history.
fretted me-- (Isa 63:10; Eph 4:30).
thou shalt not commit this lewdness above all thine abominations--that is, this the wickedness (compare Zac 5:8), peculiarly hateful to God, namely, spiritual unchastity or idolatry, over and "above" (that is, besides) all thine other abominations. I will put it out of thy power to commit it by cutting thee off. FAIRBAIRN translates, "I will not do what is scandalous (namely, encouraging thee in thy sin by letting it pass with impunity) upon all thine abominations"; referring to Lev 19:29, the conduct of a father who encouraged his daughter in harlotry. English Version is much better.
40
Versículo 44
40. As . . . mother . . . her daughter--"Is," and "so is," are not in the original; the ellipsis give…
As . . . mother . . . her daughter--"Is," and "so is," are not in the original; the ellipsis gives the proverb (but two words in the Hebrew) epigrammatic brevity. Jerusalem proved herself a true daughter of the Hittite mother in sin (Eze 16:3).
41
Versículo 45
41. mother's . . . that loatheth her husband--that is, God ("haters of God," Rom 1:30); therefore the…
mother's . . . that loatheth her husband--that is, God ("haters of God," Rom 1:30); therefore the knowledge of the true God had originally been in Canaan, handed down from Noah (hence we find Melchisedek, king of Salem, in Canaan, "priest of the most high God," Gen 14:18), but Canaan apostatized from it; this was what constituted the blackness of the Canaanites' guilt.
loathed . . . children--whom she put to death in honor of Saturn; a practice common among the Phœnicians.
sister of thy sisters--Thou art akin in guilt to Samaria and Sodom, to which thou art akin by birth. Moab and Ammon, the incestuous children of Lot, nephew of Abraham, Israel's progenitor, had their origin from Sodom; so Sodom might be called Judah's sister. Samaria, answering to the ten tribes of Israel, is, of course, sister to Judah.
42
Versículo 46
42. elder sister . . . Samaria--older than Sodom, to whom Judah was less nearly related by kindred th…
elder sister . . . Samaria--older than Sodom, to whom Judah was less nearly related by kindred than she was to Samaria. Sodom is therefore called her younger sister; Samaria, her "elder sister" [GROTIUS]. Samaria is called the "elder," because in a moral respect more nearly related to Judah [FAIRBAIRN]. Samaria had made the calves at Dan and Beth-el in imitation of the cherubim.
her daughters--the inferior towns subject to Samaria (compare Num 21:25, Margin).
left--The Orientals faced the east in marking the directions of the sky; thus the north was "left," the south "right."
Sodom . . . daughters--Ammon and Moab, offshoots from Sodom; also the towns subject to it.
43
Versículo 47
43. their abominations--Milcom and Chemosh, the "abominations of Ammon and Moab" (Kg1 11:5, Kg1 11:7).
their abominations--Milcom and Chemosh, the "abominations of Ammon and Moab" (Kg1 11:5, Kg1 11:7).
corrupted more than they--So it is expressly recorded of Manasseh (Kg2 21:9).
44
Versículo 48
44. Sodom-- (Mat 11:24). Judah's guilt was not positively, but relatively, greater than Sodom's; beca…
Sodom-- (Mat 11:24). Judah's guilt was not positively, but relatively, greater than Sodom's; because it was in the midst of such higher privileges, and such solemn warnings; a fortiori, the guilt of unbelievers in the midst of the highest of all lights, namely, the Gospel, is the greatest.
45
Versículo 49
45. pride--inherited by Moab, her offspring (Isa 16:6; Jer 48:26), and by Ammon (Jer 49:4). God, the …
pride--inherited by Moab, her offspring (Isa 16:6; Jer 48:26), and by Ammon (Jer 49:4). God, the heart-searcher, here specifies as Sodom's sin, not merely her notorious lusts, but the secret spring of them, "pride" flowing from "fullness of bread," caused by the fertility of the soil (Gen 13:10), and producing "idleness."
abundance of idleness--literally, "the secure carelessness of ease" or idleness.
neither did she strengthen . . . the poor--Pride is always cruel; it arrogates to itself all things, and despises brethren, for whose needs it therefore has no feeling; as Moab had not for the outcast Jews (Isa 16:3-4; Jer 48:27; Luk 16:19-21; Jam 5:1-5).
46
Versículo 50
46. haughty--puffed up with prosperity.
haughty--puffed up with prosperity.
abomination before me--"sinners before the Lord" (Gen 13:13); said of those whose sin is so heinous as to cry out to God for immediate judgments; presumptuous sins, daring God to the face (Gen 18:20; Gen 19:5).
I took them away-- (Gen 19:24).
as I saw good--rather, "according to what I saw"; referring to Gen 18:21, where God says, "I will go down, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it which is come unto Me."
47
Versículo 51
47. Samaria--the kingdom of the ten tribes of Israel less guilty than Judah; for Judah betrayed great…
Samaria--the kingdom of the ten tribes of Israel less guilty than Judah; for Judah betrayed greater ingratitude, having greater privileges, namely, the temple, the priesthood, and the regular order of kings.
justified thy sisters--made them appear almost innocent by comparison with thy guilt (Jer 3:11; Mat 12:41-42).
48
Versículo 52
48. Thou . . . which hast judged . . . bear thine own-- (Mat 7:1-2; Rom 2:1, Rom 2:17-23). Judah had …
Thou . . . which hast judged . . . bear thine own-- (Mat 7:1-2; Rom 2:1, Rom 2:17-23). Judah had judged Sodom (representing "the heathen nations") and Samaria (Israel), saying they were justly punished, as if she herself was innocent (Luk 13:2).
thy shame--ignominious punishment.
49
Versículo 53
49. Here follows a promise of restoration. Even the sore chastisements coming on Judah would fail to …
Here follows a promise of restoration. Even the sore chastisements coming on Judah would fail to reform its people; God's returning goodness alone would effect this, to show how entirely of grace was to be their restoration. The restoration of her erring sisters is mentioned before hers, even as their punishment preceded her punishment; so all self-boasting is excluded [FAIRBAIRN]. "Ye shall, indeed, at some time or other return, but Moab and Ammon shall return with you, and some of the ten tribes" [GROTIUS].
bring again . . . captivity--that is, change the affliction into prosperity (so Job 42:10). Sodom itself was not so restored (Jer 20:16), but Ammon and Moab (her representatives, as sprung from Lot who dwelt in Sodom) were (Jer 48:47; Jer 49:6); probably most of the ten tribes and the adjoining nations, Ammon and Moab, &c., were in part restored under Cyrus; but the full realization of the restoration is yet future; the heathen nations to be brought to Christ being typified by "Sodom," whose sins they now reproduce (Deu 32:32).
captivity of thy captives--literally, "of thy captivities." However, the gracious promise rather begins with the "nevertheless" (Eze 16:60), not here; for Eze 16:59 is a threat, not a promise. The sense here thus is, Thou shalt be restored when Sodom and Samaria are, but not till then (Eze 16:55), that is, never. This applies to the guilty who should be utterly destroyed (Eze 16:41-42); but it does not contradict the subsequent promise of restoration to their posterity (Num 14:29-33), and to the elect remnant of grace [CALVIN].
50
Versículo 54
50. bear thine own shame--by being put on a level with those whom thou hast so much despised.
bear thine own shame--by being put on a level with those whom thou hast so much despised.
thou art a comfort unto them--since they see thee as miserable as themselves. It is a kind of melancholy "comfort" to those chastised to see others as sorely punished as themselves (Eze 14:22-23).
51
Versículo 55
51. (See on Eze 16:53).
(See on Eze 16:53).
52
Versículo 56
52. Sodom was not mentioned--literally, "was not for a report." Thou didst not deign to mention her n…
Sodom was not mentioned--literally, "was not for a report." Thou didst not deign to mention her name as if her case could possibly apply as a warning to thee, but it did apply (Pe2 2:6).
53
Versículo 57
53. Before thy wickedness was discovered--manifested to all, namely, by the punishment inflicted on t…
Before thy wickedness was discovered--manifested to all, namely, by the punishment inflicted on thee.
thy reproach of . . . Syria and . . . Philistines--the indignity and injuries done thee by Syria and the Philistines (Kg2 16:5; Ch2 28:18; Isa 9:11-12).
54
Versículo 58
54. borne thy lewdness--that is, the punishment of it (Eze 23:49). I do not treat thee with excessive…
borne thy lewdness--that is, the punishment of it (Eze 23:49). I do not treat thee with excessive rigor. Thy sin and punishment are exactly commensurate.
55
Versículo 59
55. the oath--the covenant between God and Israel (Deu 29:12, Deu 29:14). As thou hast despised it, s…
the oath--the covenant between God and Israel (Deu 29:12, Deu 29:14). As thou hast despised it, so will I despise thee. No covenant is one-sided; where Israel broke faith, God's promise of favor ceased.
56
Versículo 60
56. The promise here bursts forth unexpectedly like the sun from the dark clouds. With all her forget…
The promise here bursts forth unexpectedly like the sun from the dark clouds. With all her forgetfulness of God, God still remembers her; showing that her redemption is altogether of grace. Contrast "I will remember," with "thou hast not remembered" (Eze 16:22, Eze 16:43); also "My covenant," with "Thy covenant" (Eze 16:61; Psa 106:45); then the effect produced on her is (Eze 16:63) "that thou mayest remember." God's promise was one of promise and of grace. The law, in its letter, was Israel's (thy) covenant, and in this restricted view was long subsequent (Gal 3:17). Israel interpreted it as a covenant of works, which she while boasting of, failed to fulfil, and so fell under its condemnation (Co2 3:3, Co2 3:6). The law, in its spirit, contains the germ of the Gospel; the New Testament is the full development of the Old, the husk of the outer form being laid aside when the inner spirit was fulfilled in Messiah. God's covenant with Israel, in the person of Abraham, was the reason why, notwithstanding all her guilt, mercy was, and is, in store for her. Therefore the heathen or Gentile nations must come to her for blessings, not she to them.
everlasting covenant-- (Eze 37:26; Sa2 23:5; Isa 55:3). The temporary forms of the law were to be laid aside, that in its permanent and "everlasting" spirit it might be established (Jer 31:31-37; Jer 32:40; Jer 50:4-5; Heb 8:8-13).
57
Versículo 61
57. thou shalt remember--It is God who first remembers her before she remembers Him and her own ways …
thou shalt remember--It is God who first remembers her before she remembers Him and her own ways before Him (Eze 16:60; Eze 20:43; Eze 36:31).
ashamed--the fruit of repentance (Co2 7:10-11). None please God unless those who displease themselves; a foretaste of the Gospel (Luk 18:9-14).
I will give them unto thee for daughters-- (Isa 54:1; Isa 60:3-4; Gal 4:26, &c.). All the heathen nations, not merely Sodom and Samaria, are meant by "thy sisters, elder and younger." In Jerusalem first, individual believers were gathered into the elect Church. From Jerusalem the Gospel went forth to gather in individuals of the Gentiles; and Judah with Jerusalem shall also be the first nation which, as such, shall be converted to Christ; and to her the other nations shall attach themselves as believers in Messiah, Jerusalem's King (Psa 110:2; Isa 2:2-3). "The king's daughter" in Psa 45:12-14 is Judah; her "companions," as "the daughter of Tyre," are the nations given to her as converts, here called "daughters."
not by thy covenant--This does not set aside the Old Testament in its spirit, but in its mere letter on which the Jews had rested, while they broke it: the latter ("thy covenant") was to give place to God's covenant of grace and promise in Christ who "fulfilled" the law. God means, "not that thou on thy part hast stood to the covenant, but that 'I am the Lord, I change not' (Mal 3:6) from My original love to thee in thy youth" (see Rom 3:3).
58
Versículo 62
58. (Hos 2:19-20).
(Hos 2:19-20).
thou shalt know that I am the Lord--not, as elsewhere, by the judgments falling on thee, but by My so marvellously restoring thee through grace.
59
Versículo 63
59. never open thy mouth--in vindication, or even palliation, of thyself, or expostulation with God f…
never open thy mouth--in vindication, or even palliation, of thyself, or expostulation with God for His dealings (Rom 3:19), when thou seest thine own exceeding unworthiness, and My superabounding grace which has so wonderfully overcome with love thy sin (Rom 5:20). "If we would judge ourselves, we should not be judged" (Co1 11:31).
all that thou hast done--enhancing the grace of God which has pardoned so many and so great sins. Nothing so melts into love and humility as the sense of the riches of God's pardoning grace (Luk 7:47).
The date of the prophecy is between the sixth month of Zedekiah's sixth year of reign and the fifth month of the seventh year after the carrying away of Jehoiachin, that is, five years before the destruction of Jerusalem [HENDERSON].
Next: Ezekiel Chapter 17
Antiguo Testamento
Ezekiel — Capítulo 16
DETAILED APPLICATION OF THE PARABOLICAL DELINEATION OF THE FIFTEENTH CHAPTER TO JERUSALEM PERSONIFIED AS A DAUGHTER. (Eze. 16:1-63) cause Jerusalem to know--Men often are so blind as not to perceive their guilt which …
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Vino a mí palabra de Jehová, diciendo:
2Hijo de hombre, notifica a Jerusalén sus abominaciones,
3y di: Así ha dicho Jehová el Señor sobre Jerusalén: Tu origen, tu nacimiento, es de la tierra de Canaán; tu padre fue amorreo, y tu madre hetea.
4Y en cuanto a tu nacimiento, el día que naciste no fue cortado tu ombligo, ni fuiste lavada con aguas para limpiarte, ni salada con sal, ni fuiste envuelta con fajas.
5No hubo ojo que se compadeciese de ti para hacerte algo de esto, teniendo de ti misericordia; sino que fuiste arrojada sobre la faz del campo, con menosprecio de tu vida, en el día que naciste.
6Y yo pasé junto a ti, y te vi sucia en tus sangres, y cuando estabas en tus sangres te dije: ¡Vive! Sí, te dije, cuando estabas en tus sangres: ¡Vive!
7Te hice multiplicar como la hierba del campo; y creciste y te hiciste grande, y llegaste a ser muy hermosa; tus pechos se habían formado, y tu pelo había crecido; pero estabas desnuda y descubierta.
8Y pasé yo otra vez junto a ti, y te miré, y he aquí que tu tiempo era tiempo de amores; y extendí mi manto sobre ti, y cubrí tu desnudez; y te di juramento y entré en pacto contigo, dice Jehová el Señor, y fuiste mía.
9Te lavé con agua, y lavé tus sangres de encima de ti, y te ungí con aceite;
10y te vestí de bordado, te calcé de tejón, te ceñí de lino y te cubrí de seda.
11Te atavié con adornos, y puse brazaletes en tus brazos y collar a tu cuello.
12Puse joyas en tu nariz, y zarcillos en tus orejas, y una hermosa diadema en tu cabeza.
13Así fuiste adornada de oro y de plata, y tu vestido era de lino fino, seda y bordado; comiste flor de harina de trigo, miel y aceite; y fuiste hermoseada en extremo, prosperaste hasta llegar a reinar.
14Y salió tu renombre entre las naciones a causa de tu hermosura; porque era perfecta, a causa de mi hermosura que yo puse sobre ti, dice Jehová el Señor.
15Pero confiaste en tu hermosura, y te prostituiste a causa de tu renombre, y derramaste tus fornicaciones a cuantos pasaron; suya eras.
16Y tomaste de tus vestidos, y te hiciste diversos lugares altos, y fornicaste sobre ellos; cosa semejante nunca había sucedido, ni sucederá más.
17Tomaste asimismo tus hermosas alhajas de oro y de plata que yo te había dado, y te hiciste imágenes de hombre y fornicaste con ellas;
18y tomaste tus vestidos de diversos colores y las cubriste; y mi aceite y mi incienso pusiste delante de ellas.
19Mi pan también, que yo te había dado, la flor de la harina, el aceite y la miel, con que yo te mantuve, pusiste delante de ellas para olor agradable; y fue así, dice Jehová el Señor.
20Además de esto, tomaste tus hijos y tus hijas que habías dado a luz para mí, y los sacrificaste a ellas para que fuesen consumidos. ¿Eran poca cosa tus fornicaciones,
21para que degollases también a mis hijos y los ofrecieras a aquellas imágenes como ofrenda que el fuego consumía?
22Y con todas tus abominaciones y tus fornicaciones no te has acordado de los días de tu juventud, cuando estabas desnuda y descubierta, cuando estabas envuelta en tu sangre.
23Y sucedió que después de toda tu maldad (¡ay, ay de ti! dice Jehová el Señor),
24te edificaste lugares altos, y te hiciste altar en todas las plazas.
25En toda cabeza de camino edificaste lugar alto, e hiciste abominable tu hermosura, y te ofreciste a cuantos pasaban, y multiplicaste tus fornicaciones.
26Y fornicaste con los hijos de Egipto, tus vecinos, gruesos de carnes; y aumentaste tus fornicaciones para enojarme.
27Por tanto, he aquí que yo extendí contra ti mi mano, y disminuí tu provisión ordinaria, y te entregué a la voluntad de las hijas de los filisteos, que te aborrecen, las cuales se avergüenzan de tu camino deshonesto.
28Fornicaste también con los asirios, por no haberte saciado; y fornicaste con ellos y tampoco te saciaste.
29Multiplicaste asimismo tu fornicación en la tierra de Canaán y de los caldeos, y tampoco con esto te saciaste.
30¡Cuán inconstante es tu corazón, dice Jehová el Señor, habiendo hecho todas estas cosas, obras de una ramera desvergonzada,
31edificando tus lugares altos en toda cabeza de camino, y haciendo tus altares en todas las plazas! Y no fuiste semejante a ramera, en que menospreciaste la paga,
32sino como mujer adúltera, que en lugar de su marido recibe a ajenos.
33A todas las rameras les dan dones; mas tú diste tus dones a todos tus enamorados; y les diste presentes, para que de todas partes se llegasen a ti en tus fornicaciones.
34Y ha sucedido contigo, en tus fornicaciones, lo contrario de las demás mujeres: porque ninguno te ha solicitado para fornicar, y tú das la paga, en lugar de recibirla; por esto has sido diferente.
35Por tanto, ramera, oye palabra de Jehová.
36Así ha dicho Jehová el Señor: Por cuanto han sido descubiertas tus desnudeces en tus fornicaciones, y tu confusión ha sido manifestada a tus enamorados, y a los ídolos de tus abominaciones, y en la sangre de tus hijos, los cuales les diste;
37por tanto, he aquí que yo reuniré a todos tus enamorados con los cuales tomaste placer, y a todos los que amaste, con todos los que aborreciste; y los reuniré alrededor de ti y les descubriré tu desnudez, y ellos verán toda tu desnudez.
38Y yo te juzgaré por las leyes de las adúlteras, y de las que derraman sangre; y traeré sobre ti sangre de ira y de celos.
39Y te entregaré en manos de ellos; y destruirán tus lugares altos, y derribarán tus altares, y te despojarán de tus ropas, se llevarán tus hermosas alhajas, y te dejarán desnuda y descubierta.
40Y harán subir contra ti muchedumbre de gente, y te apedrearán, y te atravesarán con sus espadas.
41Quemarán tus casas a fuego, y harán en ti juicios en presencia de muchas mujeres; y así haré que dejes de ser ramera, y que ceses de prodigar tus dones.
42Y saciaré mi ira sobre ti, y se apartará de ti mi celo, y descansaré y no me enojaré más.
43Por cuanto no te acordaste de los días de tu juventud, y me provocaste a ira en todo esto, por eso, he aquí yo también traeré tu camino sobre tu cabeza, dice Jehová el Señor; pues ni aun has pensado sobre toda tu lujuria.
44He aquí, todo el que usa de refranes te aplicará a ti el refrán que dice: Cual la madre, tal la hija.
45Hija eres tú de tu madre, que desechó a su marido y a sus hijos; y hermana eres tú de tus hermanas, que desecharon a sus maridos y a sus hijos; vuestra madre fue hetea, y vuestro padre amorreo.
46Y tu hermana mayor es Samaria, ella y sus hijas, que habitan al norte de ti; y tu hermana menor es Sodoma con sus hijas, la cual habita al sur de ti.
47Ni aun anduviste en sus caminos, ni hiciste según sus abominaciones; antes, como si esto fuera poco y muy poco, te corrompiste más que ellas en todos tus caminos.
48Vivo yo, dice Jehová el Señor, que Sodoma tu hermana y sus hijas no han hecho como hiciste tú y tus hijas.
49He aquí que esta fue la maldad de Sodoma tu hermana: soberbia, saciedad de pan, y abundancia de ociosidad tuvieron ella y sus hijas; y no fortaleció la mano del afligido y del menesteroso.
50Y se llenaron de soberbia, e hicieron abominación delante de mí, y cuando lo vi las quité.
51Y Samaria no cometió ni la mitad de tus pecados; porque tú multiplicaste tus abominaciones más que ellas, y has justificado a tus hermanas con todas las abominaciones que tú hiciste.
52Tú también, que juzgaste a tus hermanas, lleva tu vergüenza en los pecados que tú hiciste, más abominables que los de ellas; más justas son que tú; avergüénzate, pues, tú también, y lleva tu confusión, por cuanto has justificado a tus hermanas.
53Yo, pues, haré volver a sus cautivos, los cautivos de Sodoma y de sus hijas, y los cautivos de Samaria y de sus hijas, y haré volver los cautivos de tus cautiverios entre ellas,
54para que lleves tu confusión, y te avergüences de todo lo que has hecho, siendo tú motivo de consuelo para ellas.
55Y tus hermanas, Sodoma con sus hijas y Samaria con sus hijas, volverán a su primer estado; tú también y tus hijas volveréis a vuestro primer estado.
56No era tu hermana Sodoma digna de mención en tu boca en el tiempo de tus soberbias,
57antes que tu maldad fuese descubierta. Así también ahora llevas tú la afrenta de las hijas de Siria y de todas las hijas de los filisteos, las cuales por todos lados te desprecian.
58Sufre tú el castigo de tu lujuria y de tus abominaciones, dice Jehová.
59Pero más ha dicho Jehová el Señor: ¿Haré yo contigo como tú hiciste, que menospreciaste el juramento para invalidar el pacto?
60Antes yo tendré memoria de mi pacto que concerté contigo en los días de tu juventud, y estableceré contigo un pacto sempiterno.
61Y te acordarás de tus caminos y te avergonzarás, cuando recibas a tus hermanas, las mayores que tú y las menores que tú, las cuales yo te daré por hijas, mas no por tu pacto,
62sino por mi pacto que yo confirmaré contigo; y sabrás que yo soy Jehová;
63para que te acuerdes y te avergüences, y nunca más abras la boca, a causa de tu vergüenza, cuando yo perdone todo lo que hiciste, dice Jehová el Señor.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
Versículo 3
I. birth . . . nativity--thy origin and birth; literally, "thy diggings" (compare Isa 51:1) "and thy…
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II. Israel's helplessness in her first struggling into national existence, under the image of an infa…
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III. cast . . . in . . . open field--The exposure of infants was common in ancient times.
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IV. when I passed by--as if a traveller.
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V. caused . . . to multiply--literally, "I . . . made thee a myriad."
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VI. thy time of love--literally, "loves" (compare Sol 2:10-13). Thou wast of marriageable age, but no…
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VII. washed I thee--as brides used to pass through a preparatory purification (Est 2:12). So Israel, b…
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VIII. eze 16:10Psa 45:13-14, similarly describes the Church (Israel, the appointed mother of Christendo…
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IX. The marriage gifts to Rebekah (Gen 24:22, Gen 24:47).
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X. jewel on thy forehead--rather, "a ring in thy nose" (Isa 3:21).
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XI. flour . . . honey . . . oil--These three mixed form the sweetest cakes; not dry bread and leeks a…
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XII. thy renown . . . among . . . heathen--The theocracy reached its highest point under Solomon, when…
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XIII. Instead of attributing the glory of her privileges and gifts to God, Israel prided herself on the…
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XIV. deckedst . . . with divers colours--or, "didst make . . . of divers colors" [FAIRBAIRN]; the meta…
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XV. my gold . . . my silver-- (Hag 2:8).
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16. tookest thy . . . garments . . . coveredst them--that is, the idols, as if an adulteress were to …
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17. My meat . . . I gave-- (Hos 2:8).
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18. sons and . . . daughters borne unto me--Though "thy children," yet they belong "unto Me," rather …
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19. not remembered . . . youth--Forgetfulness of God's love is the source of all sins. Israel forgot …
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20. woe, woe unto thee, &c.--This parenthetical exclamation has an awful effect coming like a lightni…
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21. eminent place--rather, "a fornication-chamber," often connected with the impure rites of idolatry…
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22. at every head of the way--in the most frequented places (Pro 9:14).
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23. fornication with . . . Egyptians--alliances with Egypt, cemented by sharing their idolatries.
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24. The consequent judgments, which, however, proved of no avail in reforming the people (Isa 9:13; J…
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25. unsatiable--Not satisfied with whoredoms with neighbors, thou hast gone off to the distant Assyri…
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26. multiplied . . . fornication in . . . Canaan unto Chaldea--Thou hast multiplied thy idolatries "i…
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27. weak . . . heart--Sin weakens the intellect ("heart") as, on the contrary, "the way of the Lord i…
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28. Repetition of Eze 16:24.
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29. instead of her husband--referring to Num 5:19-20, Num 5:29. FAIRBAIRN translates, "whilst under h…
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30. Israel hired her paramours, instead of being, like other harlots, hired by them; she also followe…
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31. Here begins the threat of wrath to be poured out on her.
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32. filthiness--literally, "brass"; metaphor for the lowest part of the person [CALVIN]. English Vers…
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33. thy lovers--the Chaldeans and the Assyrians. The law of retribution is the more signally exemplif…
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34. judge thee, as women that break wedlock-- (Lev 20:10; compare Eze 16:2). In the case of individua…
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35. thine eminent place--literally, "fornication-chamber" (see on Eze 16:24), the temple which Israel…
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36. (Eze 23:10, Eze 23:47). Compare as to the destruction under Titus, Luk 19:43-44.
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37. The result of the awful judgment shall be, when divine vengeance has run its course, it shall cease.
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38. my fury . . . rest--when My justice has exacted the full penalty commensurate with thy awful guil…
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39. (Eze 16:22; Psa 78:42). In gratitude for God's favors to her in her early history.
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40. As . . . mother . . . her daughter--"Is," and "so is," are not in the original; the ellipsis give…
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41. mother's . . . that loatheth her husband--that is, God ("haters of God," Rom 1:30); therefore the…
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42. elder sister . . . Samaria--older than Sodom, to whom Judah was less nearly related by kindred th…
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43. their abominations--Milcom and Chemosh, the "abominations of Ammon and Moab" (Kg1 11:5, Kg1 11:7).
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44. Sodom-- (Mat 11:24). Judah's guilt was not positively, but relatively, greater than Sodom's; beca…
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45. pride--inherited by Moab, her offspring (Isa 16:6; Jer 48:26), and by Ammon (Jer 49:4). God, the …
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46. haughty--puffed up with prosperity.
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47. Samaria--the kingdom of the ten tribes of Israel less guilty than Judah; for Judah betrayed great…
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48. Thou . . . which hast judged . . . bear thine own-- (Mat 7:1-2; Rom 2:1, Rom 2:17-23). Judah had …
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49. Here follows a promise of restoration. Even the sore chastisements coming on Judah would fail to …
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50. bear thine own shame--by being put on a level with those whom thou hast so much despised.
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51. (See on Eze 16:53).
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52. Sodom was not mentioned--literally, "was not for a report." Thou didst not deign to mention her n…
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53. Before thy wickedness was discovered--manifested to all, namely, by the punishment inflicted on t…
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54. borne thy lewdness--that is, the punishment of it (Eze 23:49). I do not treat thee with excessive…
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55. the oath--the covenant between God and Israel (Deu 29:12, Deu 29:14). As thou hast despised it, s…
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56. The promise here bursts forth unexpectedly like the sun from the dark clouds. With all her forget…
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57. thou shalt remember--It is God who first remembers her before she remembers Him and her own ways …
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58. (Hos 2:19-20).
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59. never open thy mouth--in vindication, or even palliation, of thyself, or expostulation with God f…