Antiguo Testamento

Deuteronomy — Capítulo 17

THINGS SACRIFICED MUST BE SOUND. (Deu 17:1) Thou shalt not sacrifice . . . any bullock, or sheep, wherein is blemish--Under the name of bullock were comprehended bulls, cows, and calves; under that of sheep, rams, lam…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1No ofrecerás en sacrificio a Jehová tu Dios, buey o cordero en el cual haya falta o alguna cosa mala, pues es abominación a Jehová tu Dios.

2Cuando se hallare en medio de ti, en alguna de tus ciudades que Jehová tu Dios te da, hombre o mujer que haya hecho mal ante los ojos de Jehová tu Dios traspasando su pacto,

3que hubiere ido y servido a dioses ajenos, y se hubiere inclinado a ellos, ya sea al sol, o a la luna, o a todo el ejército del cielo, lo cual yo he prohibido;

4y te fuere dado aviso, y después que oyeres y hubieres indagado bien, la cosa pareciere de verdad cierta, que tal abominación ha sido hecha en Israel;

5entonces sacarás a tus puertas al hombre o a la mujer que hubiere hecho esta mala cosa, sea hombre o mujer, y los apedrearás, y así morirán.

6Por dicho de dos o de tres testigos morirá el que hubiere de morir; no morirá por el dicho de un solo testigo.

7La mano de los testigos caerá primero sobre él para matarlo, y después la mano de todo el pueblo; así quitarás el mal de en medio de ti.

8Cuando alguna cosa te fuere difícil en el juicio, entre una clase de homicidio y otra, entre una clase de derecho legal y otra, y entre una clase de herida y otra, en negocios de litigio en tus ciudades; entonces te levantarás y recurrirás al lugar que Jehová tu Dios escogiere;

9y vendrás a los sacerdotes levitas, y al juez que hubiere en aquellos días, y preguntarás; y ellos te enseñarán la sentencia del juicio.

10Y harás según la sentencia que te indiquen los del lugar que Jehová escogiere, y cuidarás de hacer según todo lo que te manifiesten.

11Según la ley que te enseñen, y según el juicio que te digan, harás; no te apartarás ni a diestra ni a siniestra de la sentencia que te declaren.

12Y el hombre que procediere con soberbia, no obedeciendo al sacerdote que está para ministrar allí delante de Jehová tu Dios, o al juez, el tal morirá; y quitarás el mal de en medio de Israel.

13Y todo el pueblo oirá, y temerá, y no se ensoberbecerá.

14Cuando hayas entrado en la tierra que Jehová tu Dios te da, y tomes posesión de ella y la habites, y digas: Pondré un rey sobre mí, como todas las naciones que están en mis alrededores;

15ciertamente pondrás por rey sobre ti al que Jehová tu Dios escogiere; de entre tus hermanos pondrás rey sobre ti; no podrás poner sobre ti a hombre extranjero, que no sea tu hermano.

16Pero él no aumentará para sí caballos, ni hará volver al pueblo a Egipto con el fin de aumentar caballos; porque Jehová os ha dicho: No volváis nunca por este camino.

17Ni tomará para sí muchas mujeres, para que su corazón no se desvíe; ni plata ni oro amontonará para sí en abundancia.

18Y cuando se siente sobre el trono de su reino, entonces escribirá para sí en un libro una copia de esta ley, del original que está al cuidado de los sacerdotes levitas;

19y lo tendrá consigo, y leerá en él todos los días de su vida, para que aprenda a temer a Jehová su Dios, para guardar todas las palabras de esta ley y estos estatutos, para ponerlos por obra;

20para que no se eleve su corazón sobre sus hermanos, ni se aparte del mandamiento a diestra ni a siniestra; a fin de que prolongue sus días en su reino, él y sus hijos, en medio de Israel.

JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 2

I. IDOLATERS MUST BE SLAIN. (Deu 17:2-7)

IDOLATERS MUST BE SLAIN. (Deu 17:2-7) If there be found among you . . . man or woman, that hath wrought wickedness--The grand object contemplated in choosing Israel was to preserve the knowledge and worship of the one true God; and hence idolatry of any kind, whether of the heavenly bodies or in some grosser form, is called "a transgression of His covenant." No rank or sex could palliate this crime. Every reported case, even a flying rumor of the perpetration of so heinous an offense, was to be judicially examined; and if proved by the testimony of competent witnesses, the offender was to be taken without the gates and stoned to death, the witnesses casting the first stone at him. The object of this special arrangement was partly to deter the witnesses from making a rash accusation by the prominent part they had to act as executioners, and partly to give a public assurance that the crime had met its due punishment.

Versículo 8

II. THE PRIESTS AND JUDGES TO DETERMINE CONTROVERSIES. (Deu 17:8-13)

THE PRIESTS AND JUDGES TO DETERMINE CONTROVERSIES. (Deu 17:8-13) If there arise a matter too hard for thee in judgment--In all civil or criminal cases, where there was any doubt or difficulty in giving a decision, the local magistrates were to submit them by reference to the tribunal of the Sanhedrim--the supreme council, which was composed partly of civil and partly of ecclesiastical persons. "The priests and Levites," should rather be "the priests--the Levites"; that is, the Levitical priests, including the high priest, who were members of the legislative assembly; and who, as forming one body, are called "the judge." Their sittings were held in the neighborhood of the sanctuary because in great emergencies the high priest had to consult God by Urim (Num 27:21). From their judgment there was no appeal; and if a person were so perverse and refractory as to refuse obedience to their sentences, his conduct, as inconsistent with the maintenance of order and good government, was then to be regarded and punished as a capital crime.

Versículo 14

III. THE ELECTION AND DUTY OF A KING. (Deu 17:14-20)

THE ELECTION AND DUTY OF A KING. (Deu 17:14-20) When thou . . . shalt say, I will set a king over me--In the following passage Moses prophetically announces a revolution which should occur at a later period in the national history of Israel. No sanction or recommendation was indicated; on the contrary, when the popular clamor had effected that constitutional change on the theocracy by the appointment of a king, the divine disapproval was expressed in the most unequivocal terms (Sa1 8:7). Permission at length was granted, God reserving to Himself the nomination of the family and the person who should be elevated to the regal dignity (Sa1 9:15; Sa1 10:24; Sa1 16:12; Ch1 28:4). In short, Moses foreseeing that his ignorant and fickle countrymen, insensible to their advantages as a peculiar people, would soon wish to change their constitution and be like other nations, provides to a certain extent for such an emergency and lays down the principles on which a king in Israel must act. He was to possess certain indispensable requisites. He was to be an Israelite, of the same race and religion, to preserve the purity of the established worship, as well as be a type of Christ, a spiritual king, one of their brethren.

Versículo 15

IV. thou mayest not set a stranger over thee, which is not thy brother--that is, by their free and vo…

thou mayest not set a stranger over thee, which is not thy brother--that is, by their free and voluntary choice. But God, in the retributions of His providence, did allow foreign princes to usurp the dominion (Jer 38:17; Mat 22:17).

Versículo 16

V. he shall not multiply horses to himself--The use of these animals was not absolutely prohibited, …

he shall not multiply horses to himself--The use of these animals was not absolutely prohibited, nor is there any reason to conclude that they might not be employed as part of the state equipage. But the multiplication of horses would inevitably lead to many evils, to increased intercourse with foreign nations, especially with Egypt, to the importation of an animal to which the character of the country was not suited, to the establishment of an Oriental military despotism, to proud and pompous parade in peace, to a dependence upon Egypt in time of war, and a consequent withdrawal of trust and confidence in God. (Sa2 8:4; Kg1 10:26; Ch2 1:16; Ch2 9:28; Isa 31:3).

Versículo 17

VI. Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away--There were the stronges…

Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away--There were the strongest reasons for recording an express prohibition on this point, founded on the practice of neighboring countries in which polygamy prevailed, and whose kings had numerous harems; besides, the monarch of Israel was to be absolutely independent of the people and had nothing but the divine law to restrain his passions. The mischievous effects resulting from the breach of this condition were exemplified in the history of Solomon and other princes, who, by trampling on the restrictive law, corrupted themselves as well as the nation. neither shall he greatly multiply . . . silver and gold--that is, the kings were forbidden to accumulate money for private purposes.

Versículo 18

VII. he shall write him a copy of this law in a book--The original scroll of the ancient Scriptures wa…

he shall write him a copy of this law in a book--The original scroll of the ancient Scriptures was deposited in the sanctuary under the strict custody of the priests (see on Deu 31:26; Kg2 22:8). Each monarch, on his accession, was to be furnished with a true and faithful copy, which he was to keep constantly beside him, and daily peruse it, that his character and sentiments being cast into its sanctifying mould, he might discharge his royal functions in the spirit of faith and piety, of humility and a love or righteousness.

Versículo 20

VIII. that he may prolong his days in his kingdom, he and his children--From this it appears that the c…

that he may prolong his days in his kingdom, he and his children--From this it appears that the crown in Israel was to be hereditary, unless forfeited by personal crime. Next: Deuteronomy Chapter 18

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