VISION OF THE FOUR BEASTS. (Dan. 7:1-28) Belshazzar--Good Hebrew manuscripts have "Belshazzar"; meaning "Bel is to be burnt with hostile fire" (Jer 50:2; Jer 51:44). In the history he is called by his ordinary name; i…
1En el primer año de Belsasar rey de Babilonia tuvo Daniel un sueño, y visiones de su cabeza mientras estaba en su lecho; luego escribió el sueño, y relató lo principal del asunto.
2Daniel dijo: Miraba yo en mi visión de noche, y he aquí que los cuatro vientos del cielo combatían en el gran mar.
3Y cuatro bestias grandes, diferentes la una de la otra, subían del mar.
4La primera era como león, y tenía alas de águila. Yo estaba mirando hasta que sus alas fueron arrancadas, y fue levantada del suelo y se puso enhiesta sobre los pies a manera de hombre, y le fue dado corazón de hombre.
5Y he aquí otra segunda bestia, semejante a un oso, la cual se alzaba de un costado más que del otro, y tenía en su boca tres costillas entre los dientes; y le fue dicho así: Levántate, devora mucha carne.
6Después de esto miré, y he aquí otra, semejante a un leopardo, con cuatro alas de ave en sus espaldas; tenía también esta bestia cuatro cabezas; y le fue dado dominio.
7Después de esto miraba yo en las visiones de la noche, y he aquí la cuarta bestia, espantosa y terrible y en gran manera fuerte, la cual tenía unos dientes grandes de hierro; devoraba y desmenuzaba, y las sobras hollaba con sus pies, y era muy diferente de todas las bestias que vi antes de ella, y tenía diez cuernos.
8Mientras yo contemplaba los cuernos, he aquí que otro cuerno pequeño salía entre ellos, y delante de él fueron arrancados tres cuernos de los primeros; y he aquí que este cuerno tenía ojos como de hombre, y una boca que hablaba grandes cosas.
9Estuve mirando hasta que fueron puestos tronos, y se sentó un Anciano de días, cuyo vestido era blanco como la nieve, y el pelo de su cabeza como lana limpia; su trono llama de fuego, y las ruedas del mismo, fuego ardiente.
10Un río de fuego procedía y salía de delante de él; millares de millares le servían, y millones de millones asistían delante de él; el Juez se sentó, y los libros fueron abiertos.
11Yo entonces miraba a causa del sonido de las grandes palabras que hablaba el cuerno; miraba hasta que mataron a la bestia, y su cuerpo fue destrozado y entregado para ser quemado en el fuego.
12Habían también quitado a las otras bestias su dominio, pero les había sido prolongada la vida hasta cierto tiempo.
13Miraba yo en la visión de la noche, y he aquí con las nubes del cielo venía uno como un hijo de hombre, que vino hasta el Anciano de días, y le hicieron acercarse delante de él.
14Y le fue dado dominio, gloria y reino, para que todos los pueblos, naciones y lenguas le sirvieran; su dominio es dominio eterno, que nunca pasará, y su reino uno que no será destruido.
15Se me turbó el espíritu a mí, Daniel, en medio de mi cuerpo, y las visiones de mi cabeza me asombraron.
16Me acerqué a uno de los que asistían, y le pregunté la verdad acerca de todo esto. Y me habló, y me hizo conocer la interpretación de las cosas.
17Estas cuatro grandes bestias son cuatro reyes que se levantarán en la tierra.
18Después recibirán el reino los santos del Altísimo, y poseerán el reino hasta el siglo, eternamente y para siempre.
19Entonces tuve deseo de saber la verdad acerca de la cuarta bestia, que era tan diferente de todas las otras, espantosa en gran manera, que tenía dientes de hierro y uñas de bronce, que devoraba y desmenuzaba, y las sobras hollaba con sus pies;
20asimismo acerca de los diez cuernos que tenía en su cabeza, y del otro que le había salido, delante del cual habían caído tres; y este mismo cuerno tenía ojos, y boca que hablaba grandes cosas, y parecía más grande que sus compañeros.
21Y veía yo que este cuerno hacía guerra contra los santos, y los vencía,
22hasta que vino el Anciano de días, y se dio el juicio a los santos del Altísimo; y llegó el tiempo, y los santos recibieron el reino.
23Dijo así: La cuarta bestia será un cuarto reino en la tierra, el cual será diferente de todos los otros reinos, y a toda la tierra devorará, trillará y despedazará.
24Y los diez cuernos significan que de aquel reino se levantarán diez reyes; y tras ellos se levantará otro, el cual será diferente de los primeros, y a tres reyes derribará.
25Y hablará palabras contra el Altísimo, y a los santos del Altísimo quebrantará, y pensará en cambiar los tiempos y la ley; y serán entregados en su mano hasta tiempo, y tiempos, y medio tiempo.
26Pero se sentará el Juez, y le quitarán su dominio para que sea destruido y arruinado hasta el fin,
27y que el reino, y el dominio y la majestad de los reinos debajo de todo el cielo, sea dado al pueblo de los santos del Altísimo, cuyo reino es reino eterno, y todos los dominios le servirán y obedecerán.
28Aquí fue el fin de sus palabras. En cuanto a mí, Daniel, mis pensamientos me turbaron y mi rostro se demudó; pero guardé el asunto en mi corazón.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
I
Versículo 2
I. the four winds--answering to the "four beasts"; their several conflicts in the four quarters or d…
the four winds--answering to the "four beasts"; their several conflicts in the four quarters or directions of the world.
strove--burst forth (from the abyss) [MAURER].
sea--The world powers rise out of the agitations of the political sea (Jer 46:7-8; Luk 21:25; compare Rev 13:1; Rev 17:15; Rev 21:1); the kingdom of God and the Son of man from the clouds of heaven (Dan 7:13; compare Joh 8:23). TREGELLES takes "the great sea" to mean, as always elsewhere in Scripture (Jos 1:4; Jos 9:1), the Mediterranean, the center territorially of the four kingdoms of the vision, which all border on it and have Jerusalem subject to them. Babylon did not border on the Mediterranean, nor rule Jerusalem, till Nebuchadnezzar's time, when both things took place simultaneously. Persia encircled more of this sea, namely, from the Hellespont to Cyrene. Greece did not become a monarchy before Alexander's time, but then, succeeding to Persia, it became mistress of Jerusalem. It surrounded still more of the Mediterranean, adding the coasts of Greece to the part held by Persia. Rome, under Augustus, realized three things at once--it became a monarchy; it became mistress of the last of the four parts of Alexander's empire (symbolized by the four heads of the third beast), and of Jerusalem; it surrounded all the Mediterranean.
II
Versículo 3
II. beasts--not living animals, as the cherubic four in Rev 4:7 (for the original is a different word…
beasts--not living animals, as the cherubic four in Rev 4:7 (for the original is a different word from "beasts," and ought to be there translated, living animals). The cherubic living animals represent redeemed man, combining in himself the highest forms of animal life. But the "beasts" here represent the world powers, in their beast-like, grovelling character. It is on the fundamental harmony between nature and spirit, between the three kingdoms of nature, history, and revelation, that Scripture symbolism rests. The selection of symbols is not arbitrary, but based on the essence of things.
III
Versículo 4
III. lion--the symbol of strength and courage; chief among the kingdoms, as the lion among the beasts.…
lion--the symbol of strength and courage; chief among the kingdoms, as the lion among the beasts. Nebuchadnezzar is called "the lion" (Jer 4:7).
eagle's wings--denoting a widespread and rapidly acquired (Isa 46:11; Jer 4:13; Lam 4:19; Hab 1:6) empire (Jer 48:40).
plucked--Its ability for widespread conquests passed away under Evil-merodach, &c. [GROTIUS]; rather, during Nebuchadnezzar's privation of his throne, while deranged.
it was lifted up from the earth--that is, from its grovelling bestiality.
made stand . . . as a man--So long as Nebuchadnezzar, in haughty pride, relied on his own strength, he forfeited the true dignity of man, and was therefore degraded to be with the beasts. Dan 4:16 : "Let his heart be changed from man's, and let a beast's heart be given unto him." But after he learned by this sore discipline that "the Most High ruleth in the kingdom of men" (Dan 4:35-36), the change took place in him, "a man's heart is given to him; instead of his former beast's heart, he attains man's true position, namely, to be consciously dependent on God." Compare Psa 9:20.
IV
Versículo 5
IV. bear--symbolizing the austere life of the Persians in their mountains, also their cruelty (Isa 13…
bear--symbolizing the austere life of the Persians in their mountains, also their cruelty (Isa 13:17-18; Cambyses, Ochus, and other of the Persian princes were notoriously cruel; the Persian laws involved, for one man's offense, the whole kindred and neighborhood in destruction, Dan 6:24) and rapacity. "A bear is an all-devouring animal" [ARISTOTLE, 8.5], (Jer 51:48, Jer 51:56).
raised . . . itself on one side--but the Hebrew, "It raised up one dominion." The Medes, an ancient people, and the Persians, a modern tribe, formed one united sovereignty in contrast to the third and fourth kingdoms, each originally one, afterwards divided. English Version is the result of a slight change of a Hebrew letter. The idea then would be, "It lay on one of its fore feet, and stood on the other"; a figure still to be seen on one of the stones of Babylon [MUNTER, The Religion of Babylonia, 112]; denoting a kingdom that had been at rest, but is now rousing itself for conquest. Media is the lower side, passiveness; Persia, the upper, active element [AUBERLEN]. The three ribs in its mouth are Media, Lydia, and Babylon, brought under the Persian sway. Rather, Babylon, Lydia, and Egypt, not properly parts of its body, but seized by Medo-Persia [SIR ISAAC NEWTON]. Called "ribs" because they strengthened the Medo-Persian empire. "Between its teeth," as being much grinded by it.
devour much flesh--that is, subjugate many nations.
V
Versículo 6
V. leopard--smaller than the lion; swift (Hab 1:8); cruel (Isa 11:6), the opposite of tame; springin…
leopard--smaller than the lion; swift (Hab 1:8); cruel (Isa 11:6), the opposite of tame; springing suddenly from its hiding place on its prey (Hos 13:7); spotted. So Alexander, a small king, of a small kingdom, Macedon, attacked Darius at the head of the vast empire reaching from the Ægean Sea to the Indies. In twelve years he subjugated part of Europe, and all Asia from Illyricum and the Adriatic to the Ganges, not so much fighting as conquering [JEROME]. Hence, whereas Babylon is represented with two wings, Macedon has four, so rapid were its conquests. The various spots denote the various nations incorporated into his empire [BOCHART]; Or Alexander's own variation in character, at one time mild, at another cruel, now temperate, and now drunken and licentious.
four heads--explained in Dan 8:8, Dan 8:22; the four kingdoms of the Diadochi or "successors" into which the Macedonian empire was divided at the death of Alexander, namely, Macedon and Greece under Cassander, Thrace and Bithynia under Lysimachus, Egypt under PTOLEMY, and Syria under Seleucus.
dominion . . . given to it--by God; not by Alexander's own might. For how unlikely it was that thirty thousand men should overthrow several hundreds of thousands! JOSEPHUS [Antiquities, 11.6] says that Alexander adored the high priest of Jerusalem, saying that he at Dium in Macedonia had seen a vision of God so habited, inviting him to go to Asia, and promising him success.
VI
Versículo 7
VI. As Daniel lived under the kingdom of the first beast, and therefore needed not to describe it, an…
As Daniel lived under the kingdom of the first beast, and therefore needed not to describe it, and as the second and third are described fully in the second part of the book, the chief emphasis falls on the fourth. Also prophecy most dwells on the end, which is the consummation of the preceding series of events. It is in the fourth that the world power manifests fully its God-opposing nature. Whereas the three former kingdoms were designated respectively, as a lion, bear, and leopard, no particular beast is specified as the image of the fourth; for Rome is so terrible as to be not describable by any one, but combines in itself all that we can imagine inexpressibly fierce in all beasts. Hence thrice (Dan 7:7, Dan 7:19, Dan 7:23) it is repeated, that the fourth was "diverse from all" the others. The formula of introduction, "I saw in the night visions," occurs here, as at Dan 7:2, and again at Dan 7:13, thus dividing the whole vision into three parts--the first embracing the three kingdoms, the second the fourth and its overthrow, the third Messiah's kingdom. The first three together take up a few centuries; the fourth, thousands of years. The whole lower half of the image in the second chapter is given to it. And whereas the other kingdoms consist of only one material, this consists of two, iron and clay (on which much stress is laid, Dan 2:41-43); the "iron teeth" here allude to one material in the fourth kingdom of the image.
ten horns--It is with the crisis, rather than the course, of the fourth kingdom that this seventh chapter is mainly concerned. The ten kings (Dan 7:24, the "horns" representing power), that is, kingdoms, into which Rome was divided on its incorporation with the Germanic and Slavonic tribes, and again at the Reformation, are thought by many to be here intended. But the variation of the list of the ten, and their ignoring the eastern half of the empire altogether, and the existence of the Papacy before the breaking up of even the Western empire, instead of being the "little horn" springing up after the other ten, are against this view. The Western Roman empire continued till A.D. 731, and the Eastern, till A.D. 1453. The ten kingdoms, therefore, prefigured by the ten "toes" (Dan 2:41; compare Rev 13:1; Rev 17:12), are the ten kingdoms into which Rome shall be found finally divided when Antichrist shall appear [TREGELLES]. These, probably, are prefigured by the number ten being the prevalent one at the chief turning points of Roman history.
VII
Versículo 8
VII. little horn--little at first, but afterwards waxing greater than all others. He must be sought "a…
little horn--little at first, but afterwards waxing greater than all others. He must be sought "among them," namely, the ten horns. The Roman empire did not represent itself as a continuation of Alexander's; but the Germanic empire calls itself "the holy Roman empire." Napoleon's attempted universal monarchy was avowedly Roman: his son was called king of Rome. The czar (CÃ&brvbrsar) also professes to represent the eastern half of the Roman empire. The Roman civilization, church, language, and law are the chief elements in Germanic civilization. But the Romanic element seeks universal empire, while the Germanic seeks individualization. Hence the universal monarchies attempted by the Papacy, Charlemagne, Charles V, and Napoleon have failed, the iron not amalgamating with the clay. In the king symbolized by "the little horn," the God-opposing, haughty spirit of the world, represented by the fourth monarchy, finds its intensest development. "The man of sin," "the son of perdition" (Th2 2:3). Antichrist (Jo1 2:18, Jo1 2:22; Jo1 4:3). It is the complete evolution of the evil principle introduced by the fall.
three of the first horns plucked up--the exarchate of Ravenna, the kingdom of the Lombards and the state of Rome, which constituted the Pope's dominions at the first; obtained by Pope Zachary and Stephen II in return for acknowledging the usurper Pepin lawful king of France [NEWTON]. See TREGELLES' objections, Dan 7:7, "ten horns," Note. The "little horn," in his view, is to be Antichrist rising three and a half years before Christ's second advent, having first overthrown three of the ten contemporaneous kingdoms, into which the fourth monarchy, under which we live, shall be finally divided. Popery seems to be a fulfilment of the prophecy in many particulars, the Pope claiming to be God on earth and above all earthly dominions; but the spirit of Antichrist prefigured by Popery will probably culminate in ONE individual, to be destroyed by Christ's coming; He will be the product of the political world powers, whereas Popery which prepares His way, is a Church become worldly.
eyes of man--Eyes express intelligence (Eze 1:18); so (Gen 3:5) the serpent's promise was, man's "eyes should be opened," if he would but rebel against God. Antichrist shall consummate the self-apotheosis, begun at the fall, high intellectual culture, independent of God. The metals representing Babylon and Medo-Persia, gold and silver, are more precious than brass and iron, representing Greece and Rome; but the latter metals are more useful to civilization (Gen 4:22). The clay, representing the Germanic element, is the most plastic material. Thus there is a progress in culture; but this is not a progress necessarily in man's truest dignity, namely, union and likeness to God. Nay, it has led him farther from God, to self-reliance and world-love. The beginnings of civilization were among the children of Cain (Gen 4:17-24; Luk 16:8). Antiochus Epiphanes, the first Antichrist, came from civilized Greece, and loved art. As Hellenic civilization produced the first, so modern civilization under the fourth monarchy will produce the last Antichrist. The "mouth" and "eyes" are those of a man, while the symbol is otherwise brutish that is it will assume man's true dignity, namely, wear the guise of the kingdom of God (which comes as the "Son of man" from above), while it is really bestial, namely, severed from God. Antichrist promises the same things as Christ, but in an opposite way: a caricature of Christ, offering a regenerated world without the cross. Babylon and Persia in their religion had more reverence for things divine than Greece and Rome in the imperial stages of their history. Nebuchadnezzar's human heart, given him (Dan 4:16) on his repentance, contrasts with the human eyes of Antichrist, the pseudo son of man, namely, intellectual culture, while heart and mouth blaspheme God. The deterioration politically corresponds: the first kingdom, an organic unity; the second, divided into Median and Persian; the third branches off into four; the fourth, into ten. The two eastern kingdoms are marked by nobler metals; the two western, by baser; individualization and division appear in the latter, and it is they which produce the two Antichrists.
VIII
Versículo 9
VIII. I beheld till--I continued looking till.
I beheld till--I continued looking till.
thrones . . . cast down--rather, "thrones were placed" [Vulgate and LUTHER], namely, for the saints and elect angels to whom "judgment is given" (Dan 7:22), as assessors with the Judge. Compare Dan 7:10, "thousand thousands ministered unto Him" (Mat 19:28; Luk 22:30; Co1 6:2-3; Ti1 5:21; Rev 2:26; Rev 4:4). In English Version the thrones cast down are those of the previously mentioned kings who give place to Messiah.
Ancient of days--"The everlasting Father" (Isa 9:6). HE is the Judge here, as THE SON does not judge in His own cause, and it is His cause which is the one at issue with Antichrist.
sit--the attitude of a judge about to pass sentence.
white--The judicial purity of the Judge, and of all things round Him, is hereby expressed (Rev 1:14).
wheels--as Oriental thrones move on wheels. Like the rapid flame, God's judgments are most swift in falling where He wills them (Eze 1:15-16). The judgment here is not the last judgment, for then there will be no beast, and heaven and earth shall have passed away; but it is that on Antichrist (the last development of the fourth kingdom), typical of the last judgment: Christ coming to substitute the millennial kingdom of glory for that of the cross (Rev 17:12-14; Rev 19:15-21; Rev 11:15).
IX
Versículo 10
IX. thousand . . . ministered unto him--so at the giving of the law (Deu 33:2; Psa 68:17; Heb 12:22; …
thousand . . . ministered unto him--so at the giving of the law (Deu 33:2; Psa 68:17; Heb 12:22; Jde 1:14).
ten . . . thousand before him--image from the Sanhedrim, in which the father of the consistory sat with his assessors on each side, in the form of a semicircle, and the people standing before him.
judgment was set--The judges sat (Rev 20:4).
books . . . opened-- (Rev 20:12). Forensic image; all the documents of the cause at issue, connected with the condemnation of Antichrist and his kingdom, and the setting up of Messiah's kingdom. Judgment must pass on the world as being under the curse, before the glory comes; but Antichrist offers glory without the cross, a renewed world without the world being judged.
X
Versículo 11
X. Here is set forth the execution on earth of the judgment pronounced in the unseen heavenly court …
Here is set forth the execution on earth of the judgment pronounced in the unseen heavenly court of judicature (Dan 7:9-10).
body . . . given to . . . flame-- (Rev 19:20).
XI
Versículo 12
XI. the rest of the beasts--that is, the three first, had passed away not by direct destroying judgme…
the rest of the beasts--that is, the three first, had passed away not by direct destroying judgments, such as consumed the little horn, as being the finally matured evil of the fourth beast. They had continued to exist but their "dominion was was taken away"; whereas the fourth beast shall cease utterly, superseded by Messiah's kingdom.
for a season . . . time--Not only the triumph of the beasts over the godly, but their very existence is limited to a definite time, and that time the exactly suitable one (compare Mat 24:22). Probably a definite period is meant by a "season and time" (compare Dan 7:25; Rev 20:3). It is striking, the fourth monarchy, though Christianized for fifteen hundred years past, is not distinguished from the previous heathen monarchies, or from its own heathen portion. Nay, it is represented as the most God-opposed of all, and culminating at last in blasphemous Antichrist. The reason is: Christ's kingdom now is not of this world (Joh 18:36); and only at the second advent of Christ does it become an external power of the world. Hence Daniel, whose province it was to prophesy of the world powers, does not treat of Christianity until it becomes a world power, namely, at the second advent. The kingdom of God is a hidden one till Jesus comes again (Rom 8:17; Col 3:2-3; Ti2 2:11-12). Rome was worldly while heathen, and remains worldly, though Christianized. So the New Testament views the present Ã&brvbron or age of the world as essentially heathenish, which we cannot love without forsaking Christ (Rom 12:2; Co1 1:20; Co1 2:6, Co1 2:8; Co1 3:18; Co1 7:31; Co2 4:4; Gal 1:4; Eph 2:2; Ti2 4:10; compare Jo1 2:15, Jo1 2:17). The object of Christianity is not so much to Christianize the present world as to save souls out of it, so as not to be condemned with the world (Co1 11:32), but to rule with Him in His millennium (Mat 5:5; Luk 12:32; Luk 22:28-30; Rom 5:17; Co1 6:2; Rev 1:6; Rev 2:26-28; Rev 3:21; Rev 20:4). This is to be our hope, not to reign in the present world course (Co1 4:8; Co2 4:18; Phi 3:20; Heb 13:14). There must be a "regeneration" of the world, as of the individual, a death previous to a resurrection, a destruction of the world kingdoms, before they rise anew as the kingdoms of Christ (Mat 19:28). Even the millennium will not perfectly eradicate the world's corruption; another apostasy and judgment will follow (Rev 20:7-15), in which the world of nature is to be destroyed and renewed, as the world of history was before the millennium (Pe2 3:8-13); then comes the perfect earth and heaven (Rev 21:1). Thus there is an onward progress, and the Christian is waiting for the consummation (Mar 13:33-37; Luk 12:35-36, ; Th1 1:9-10), as His Lord also is "expecting" (Heb 10:13).
XII
Versículo 13
XII. Son of man--(See on Eze 2:1). Not merely Son of David, and King of Israel, but Head of restored h…
Son of man--(See on Eze 2:1). Not merely Son of David, and King of Israel, but Head of restored humanity (corresponding to the world-wide horizon of Daniel's prophecy); the seed of the woman, crushing Antichrist, the seed of the serpent, according to the Prot-evangel in Paradise (Gen 3:15). The Representative Man shall then realize the original destiny of man as Head of the creation (Gen 1:26, Gen 1:28); the center of unity to Israel and the Gentiles. The beast, which taken conjointly represents the four beasts, ascends from the sea (Dan 7:2; Rev 13:1); the Son of man descends from "heaven." Satan, as the serpent, is the representative head of all that bestial; man, by following the serpent, has become bestial. God must, therefore, become man, so that man may cease to be beast-like. Whoever rejects the incarnate God will be judged by the Son of man just because He is the Son of man (Joh 5:27). This title is always associated with His coming again, because the kingdom that then awaits Him in that ch belongs to Him as the Saviour of man, the Restorer of the lost inheritance. "Son of man" expresses His VISIBLE state formerly in his humiliation hereafter in His exaltation. He "comes to the Ancient of days" to be invested with the kingdom. Compare Psa 110:2 : "The Lord shall send the rod of thy strength (Messiah) out of Zion." This investiture was at His ascension "with the clouds of heaven" (Act 1:9; Act 2:33-34; Psa 2:6-9; Mat 28:18), which is a pledge of His return "in like manner" in the clouds" (Act 1:11; Mat 26:64), and "with clouds" (Rev 1:7). The kingdom then was given to Him in title and invisible exercise; at His second coming it shall be in visible administration. He will vindicate it from the misrule of those who received it to hold for and under God, but who ignored His supremacy. The Father will assert His right by the Son, the heir, who will hold it for Him (Eze 1:27; Heb 1:2; Rev 19:13-16). TREGELLES thinks the investiture here immediately precedes Christ's coming forth; because He sits at God's right hand until His enemies are made His footstool, then the kingdom is given to the Son in actual investiture, and He comes to crush His so prepared footstool under His feet. But the words, "with the clouds," and the universal power actually, though invisibly, given Him then (Eph 1:20-22), agree best with His investiture at the ascension, which, in the prophetic view that overleaps the interval of ages, is the precursor of His coming visibly to reign; no event of equal moment taking place in the interval.
XIII
Versículo 15
XIII. body--literally, "sheath": the body being the "sheath" of the soul.
body--literally, "sheath": the body being the "sheath" of the soul.
XIV
Versículo 17
XIV. kings--that is, kingdoms. Compare Dan 7:23, "fourth kingdom"; Dan 2:38; Dan 8:20-22. Each of the …
kings--that is, kingdoms. Compare Dan 7:23, "fourth kingdom"; Dan 2:38; Dan 8:20-22. Each of the four kings represents a dynasty. Nebuchadnezzar, Alexander, Antiochus, and Antichrist, though individually referred to, are representatives of characteristic tendencies.
XV
Versículo 18
XV. the Most High--the emphatic title of God in this prophecy, who delegates His power first to Israe…
the Most High--the emphatic title of God in this prophecy, who delegates His power first to Israel; then to the Gentiles (Dan 2:37-38) when Israel fails to realize the idea of the theocracy; lastly, to Messiah, who shall rule truly for God, taking it from the Gentile world powers, whose history is one of continual degeneracy culminating in the last of the kings, Antichrist. Here, in the interpretation, "the saints," but in the vision (Dan 7:13-14), "the Son of man," takes the kingdom; for Christ and His people are one in suffering, and one in glory. TREGELLES translates, "most high places" (Eph 1:3; Eph 2:6). Though oppressed by the beast and little horn, they belong not to the earth from which the four beasts arise, but to the most high places.
16
Versículo 19
16. Balaam, an Aramean, dwelling on the Euphrates, at the beginning of Israel's independent history, …
Balaam, an Aramean, dwelling on the Euphrates, at the beginning of Israel's independent history, and Daniel at the close of it, prophetically exhibit to the hostile world powers Israel as triumphant over them at last, though the world powers of the East (Asshur) and the West (Chittim) carry all before them and afflict Eber (Israel) for a time (Num 23:8-10, Num 23:28; Num 24:2, Num 24:7-9, Num 24:22-24). To Balaam's "Asshur" correspond Daniel's two eastern kingdoms, Babylon and Medo-Persia; to "Chittim," the two western kingdoms, Greece and Rome (compare Gen 10:4, Gen 10:11, Gen 10:22). In Babel, Nimrod the hunter (revolter) founds the first kingdom of the world (Gen 10:8-13). The Babylonian world power takes up the thread interrupted at the building of Babel, and the kingdom of Nimrod. As at Babel, so in Babylon the world is united against God; Babylon, the first world power, thus becomes the type of the God-opposed world. The fourth monarchy consummates the evil; it is "diverse" from the others only in its more unlimited universality. The three first were not in the full sense universal monarchies. The fourth is; so in it the God-opposed principle finds its full development. All history moves within the Romanic, Germanic, and Slavonic nations; it shall continue so to Christ's second advent. The fourth monarchy represents universalism externally; Christianity, internally. Rome is Babylon fully developed. It is the world power corresponding in contrast to Christianity, and therefore contemporary with it (Mat 13:38; Mar 1:15; Luk 2:1; Gal 4:4).
17
Versículo 20
17. look . . . more stout than . . . fellows--namely, than that of the other horns.
look . . . more stout than . . . fellows--namely, than that of the other horns.
18
Versículo 21
18. made war with the saints--persecuted the Church (Rev 11:7; Rev 13:7).
made war with the saints--persecuted the Church (Rev 11:7; Rev 13:7).
prevailed--but not ultimately. The limit is marked by "until" (Dan 7:22). The little horn continues, without intermission, to persecute up to Christ's second advent (Rev 17:12, Rev 17:14; Rev 19:19-20).
19
Versículo 22
19. Ancient of days came--The title applied to the Father in Dan 7:13 is here applied to the Son; who…
Ancient of days came--The title applied to the Father in Dan 7:13 is here applied to the Son; who is called "the everlasting Father" (Isa 9:6). The Father is never said to "come"; it is the Son who comes.
judgment was given to . . . saints--Judgment includes rule; "kingdom" in the end of this verse (Co1 6:2; Rev 1:6; Rev 5:10; Rev 20:4). Christ first receives "judgment" and the "kingdom," then the saints with Him (Dan 7:13-14).
20
Versículo 24
20. ten horns--answering to the ten "toes" (Dan 2:41).
ten horns--answering to the ten "toes" (Dan 2:41).
out of this kingdom--It is out of the fourth kingdom that ten others arise, whatever exterior territory any of them possess (Rev 13:1; Rev 17:12).
rise after them--yet contemporaneous with them; the ten are contemporaries. Antichrist rises after their rise, at first "little" (Dan 7:8); but after destroying three of the ten, he becomes greater than them all (Dan 7:20-21). The three being gone, he is the eighth (compare Rev 17:11); a distinct head, and yet "of the seven." As the previous world kingdoms had their representative heads (Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar; Persia, Cyrus; Greece, Alexander), so the fourth kingdom and its Antichrists shall have their evil concentrated in the one final Antichrist. As Antiochus Epiphanes, the Antichrist of the third kingdom in Dan 8:23-25, was the personal enemy of God, so the final Antichrist of the fourth kingdom, his antitype. The Church has endured a pagan and a papal persecution; there remains for her an infidel persecution, general, purifying, and cementing [CECIL]. He will not merely, as Popery, substitute himself for Christ in Christ's name, but "deny the Father and the Son" (Jo1 2:22). The persecution is to continue up to Christ's second coming (Dan 7:21-22); the horn of blasphemy cannot therefore be past; for now there is almost a general cessation of persecution.
21
Versículo 25
21. Three attributes of Antichrist are specified: (1) The highest worldly wisdom and civilization. (2…
Three attributes of Antichrist are specified: (1) The highest worldly wisdom and civilization. (2) The uniting of the whole civilized world under his dominion. (3) Atheism, antitheism, and autotheism in its fullest development (Jo1 2:22). Therefore, not only is power taken from the fourth beast, as in the case of the other three, but God destroys it and the world power in general by a final judgment. The present external Christianity is to give place to an almost universal apostasy.
think--literally, "carry within him as it were the burden of the thought."
change times--the prerogative of God alone (Dan 2:21); blasphemously assumed by Antichrist. The "times and laws" here meant are those of religious ordinance; stated times of feasts [MAURER]. Perhaps there are included the times assigned by God to the duration of kingdoms. He shall set Himself above all that is called God (Th2 2:4), putting his own "will" above God's times and laws (Dan 11:36-37). But the "times" of His wilfulness are limited for the elect's sake (Mat 24:22).
they--the saints.
given into his hand--to be persecuted.
time . . . times and . . . dividing of time--one year, two years, and half a year: 1260 days (Rev 12:6, Rev 12:14); forty-two months (Rev 11:2-3). That literally three and a half years are to be the term of Antichrist's persecution is favored by Dan 4:16, Dan 4:23, where the year-day theory would be impossible. If the Church, moreover, had been informed that 1260 years must elapse before the second advent, the attitude of expectancy which is inculcated (Luk 12:38; Co1 1:7; Th1 1:9-10; Pe2 3:12) on the ground of the uncertainty of the time, would be out of place. The original word for "time" denotes a stated period or set feast; or the interval from one set feast to its recurrence, that is, a year [TREGELLES]; Lev 23:4, "seasons"; Lev 23:44, "feasts." The passages in favor of the year-day theory are Eze 4:6, where each day of the forty during which Ezekiel lay on his right side is defined by God as meaning a year. Compare Num 14:34, where a year of wandering in the wilderness was appointed for each day of the forty during which the spies searched Canaan; but the days were, in these two cases, merely the type or reason for the years, which were announced as they were to be fulfilled. In the prophetic part of Num 14:34 "years" are literal. If the year-day system was applied to them, they would be 14,400 years! In Eze 4:4-6, if day meant year, Ezekiel would have lain on his right side forty years! The context here in Dan 7:24-25, is not symbolical. Antichrist is no longer called a horn, but a king subduing three out of ten kings (no longer horns, Dan 7:7-8). So in Dan 12:7, where "time, times, and half a time," again occurs, nothing symbolic occurs in the context. So that there is no reason why the three and a half years should be so. For the first four centuries the "days" were interpreted literally; a mystical meaning of the 1260 days then began. WALTER BRUTE first suggested the year-day theory in the end of the fourteenth century. The seventy years of the Babylonian captivity foretold by Jeremiah (Jer 25:12; Jer 29:10) were understood by Daniel (Dan 9:2) as literal years, not symbolical, which would have been 25,200 years! [TREGELLES]. It is possible that the year-day and day-day theories are both true. The seven (symbolical) times of the Gentile monarchies (Lev 26:24) during Israel's casting off will end in the seven years of Antichrist. The 1260 years of papal misrule in the name of Christ may be represented by three and a half years of open Antichristianity and persecution before the millennium. Witnessing churches may be succeeded by witnessing individuals, the former occupying the longer, the latter the shorter period (Rev 11:3). The beginning of the 1260 years is by ELLIOTT set at A.D. 529 or 533, when Justinian's edict acknowledged Pope John II to be head of the Church; by LUTHER, at 606, when Phocas confirmed Justinian's grant. But 752 is the most likely date, when the temporal dominion of the popes began by Pepin's grant to Stephen II (for Zachary, his predecessor's recognition of his title to France), confirmed by Charlemagne. For it was then first that the little horn plucked up three horns, and so became the prolongation of the fourth secular kingdom [NEWTON]. This would bring us down to about A.D. 2000, or the seventh thousand millenary from creation. But CLINTON makes about 1862 the seventh millenary, which may favor the dating from A.D. 529.
22
Versículo 26
22. consume . . . destroy--a twofold operation. Antichrist is to be gradually "consumed," as the Papa…
consume . . . destroy--a twofold operation. Antichrist is to be gradually "consumed," as the Papacy has been consuming for four hundred years past, and especially of late years. He is also to be "destroyed" suddenly by Christ at His coming; the fully developed man of sin (Th2 2:3) or false prophet making a last desperate effort in confederacy with the "beast" (Rev 16:13-14, Rev 16:16) or secular power of the Roman empire (some conjecture Louis Napoleon): destroyed at Armageddon in Palestine.
23
Versículo 27
23. greatness of the kingdom under . . . whole heaven--The power, which those several kingdoms had po…
greatness of the kingdom under . . . whole heaven--The power, which those several kingdoms had possessed, shall all be conferred on Messiah's kingdom. "Under . . . heaven" shows it is a kingdom on earth, not in heaven.
people of . . . saints of . . . Most High--"the people of the saints," or "holy ones" (Dan 8:24, Margin): the Jews, the people to whom the saints stand in a peculiar relation. The saints are gathered out of Jews and Gentiles, but the stock of the Church is Jewish (Rom 9:24; Rom 11:24); God's faithfulness to this election Church is thus virtually faithfulness to Israel, and a pledge of their future national blessing. Christ confirms this fact, while withholding the date (Act 1:6-7).
everlasting kingdom--If everlasting, how can the kingdom here refer to the millennial one? Answer: Daniel saw the whole time of future blessedness as one period. The clearer light of the New Testament distinguishes, in the whole period, the millennium and the time of the new heaven and new earth (compare Rev 20:4 with Rev 21:1 and Rev 22:5). Christ's kingdom is "everlasting." Not even the last judgment shall end it, but only give it a more glorious appearance, the new Jerusalem coming down from God out of heaven, with the throne of God and the Lamb in it (compare Rev 5:9-10; Rev 11:15).
24
Versículo 28
24. cogitations . . . troubled me--showing that the Holy Spirit intended much more to be understood b…
cogitations . . . troubled me--showing that the Holy Spirit intended much more to be understood by Daniel's words than Daniel himself understood. We are not to limit the significance of prophecies to what the prophets themselves understood (Pe1 1:11-12).
With this chapter the Hebrew part of the book begins and continues to be the language of the remainder; the visions relating wholly to the Jews and Jerusalem. The scene here narrows from world-wide prophecies to those affecting the one covenant-people in the five centuries between the exile and the advent. Antichrist, like Christ, has a more immediate future, as well as one more remote. The vision, the eighth chapter, begins, and that, the tenth through twelfth chapters, concludes, the account of the Antichrist of the third kingdom. Between the two visions the ninth chapter is inserted, as to Messiah and the covenant-people at the end of the half millennium (seventy weeks of years).
Next: Daniel Chapter 8
Antiguo Testamento
Daniel — Capítulo 7
VISION OF THE FOUR BEASTS. (Dan. 7:1-28) Belshazzar--Good Hebrew manuscripts have "Belshazzar"; meaning "Bel is to be burnt with hostile fire" (Jer 50:2; Jer 51:44). In the history he is called by his ordinary name; i…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1En el primer año de Belsasar rey de Babilonia tuvo Daniel un sueño, y visiones de su cabeza mientras estaba en su lecho; luego escribió el sueño, y relató lo principal del asunto.
2Daniel dijo: Miraba yo en mi visión de noche, y he aquí que los cuatro vientos del cielo combatían en el gran mar.
3Y cuatro bestias grandes, diferentes la una de la otra, subían del mar.
4La primera era como león, y tenía alas de águila. Yo estaba mirando hasta que sus alas fueron arrancadas, y fue levantada del suelo y se puso enhiesta sobre los pies a manera de hombre, y le fue dado corazón de hombre.
5Y he aquí otra segunda bestia, semejante a un oso, la cual se alzaba de un costado más que del otro, y tenía en su boca tres costillas entre los dientes; y le fue dicho así: Levántate, devora mucha carne.
6Después de esto miré, y he aquí otra, semejante a un leopardo, con cuatro alas de ave en sus espaldas; tenía también esta bestia cuatro cabezas; y le fue dado dominio.
7Después de esto miraba yo en las visiones de la noche, y he aquí la cuarta bestia, espantosa y terrible y en gran manera fuerte, la cual tenía unos dientes grandes de hierro; devoraba y desmenuzaba, y las sobras hollaba con sus pies, y era muy diferente de todas las bestias que vi antes de ella, y tenía diez cuernos.
8Mientras yo contemplaba los cuernos, he aquí que otro cuerno pequeño salía entre ellos, y delante de él fueron arrancados tres cuernos de los primeros; y he aquí que este cuerno tenía ojos como de hombre, y una boca que hablaba grandes cosas.
9Estuve mirando hasta que fueron puestos tronos, y se sentó un Anciano de días, cuyo vestido era blanco como la nieve, y el pelo de su cabeza como lana limpia; su trono llama de fuego, y las ruedas del mismo, fuego ardiente.
10Un río de fuego procedía y salía de delante de él; millares de millares le servían, y millones de millones asistían delante de él; el Juez se sentó, y los libros fueron abiertos.
11Yo entonces miraba a causa del sonido de las grandes palabras que hablaba el cuerno; miraba hasta que mataron a la bestia, y su cuerpo fue destrozado y entregado para ser quemado en el fuego.
12Habían también quitado a las otras bestias su dominio, pero les había sido prolongada la vida hasta cierto tiempo.
13Miraba yo en la visión de la noche, y he aquí con las nubes del cielo venía uno como un hijo de hombre, que vino hasta el Anciano de días, y le hicieron acercarse delante de él.
14Y le fue dado dominio, gloria y reino, para que todos los pueblos, naciones y lenguas le sirvieran; su dominio es dominio eterno, que nunca pasará, y su reino uno que no será destruido.
15Se me turbó el espíritu a mí, Daniel, en medio de mi cuerpo, y las visiones de mi cabeza me asombraron.
16Me acerqué a uno de los que asistían, y le pregunté la verdad acerca de todo esto. Y me habló, y me hizo conocer la interpretación de las cosas.
17Estas cuatro grandes bestias son cuatro reyes que se levantarán en la tierra.
18Después recibirán el reino los santos del Altísimo, y poseerán el reino hasta el siglo, eternamente y para siempre.
19Entonces tuve deseo de saber la verdad acerca de la cuarta bestia, que era tan diferente de todas las otras, espantosa en gran manera, que tenía dientes de hierro y uñas de bronce, que devoraba y desmenuzaba, y las sobras hollaba con sus pies;
20asimismo acerca de los diez cuernos que tenía en su cabeza, y del otro que le había salido, delante del cual habían caído tres; y este mismo cuerno tenía ojos, y boca que hablaba grandes cosas, y parecía más grande que sus compañeros.
21Y veía yo que este cuerno hacía guerra contra los santos, y los vencía,
22hasta que vino el Anciano de días, y se dio el juicio a los santos del Altísimo; y llegó el tiempo, y los santos recibieron el reino.
23Dijo así: La cuarta bestia será un cuarto reino en la tierra, el cual será diferente de todos los otros reinos, y a toda la tierra devorará, trillará y despedazará.
24Y los diez cuernos significan que de aquel reino se levantarán diez reyes; y tras ellos se levantará otro, el cual será diferente de los primeros, y a tres reyes derribará.
25Y hablará palabras contra el Altísimo, y a los santos del Altísimo quebrantará, y pensará en cambiar los tiempos y la ley; y serán entregados en su mano hasta tiempo, y tiempos, y medio tiempo.
26Pero se sentará el Juez, y le quitarán su dominio para que sea destruido y arruinado hasta el fin,
27y que el reino, y el dominio y la majestad de los reinos debajo de todo el cielo, sea dado al pueblo de los santos del Altísimo, cuyo reino es reino eterno, y todos los dominios le servirán y obedecerán.
28Aquí fue el fin de sus palabras. En cuanto a mí, Daniel, mis pensamientos me turbaron y mi rostro se demudó; pero guardé el asunto en mi corazón.
JAMIESON-FAUSSET-BROWN BIBLE COMMENTARY
Versículo 2
I. the four winds--answering to the "four beasts"; their several conflicts in the four quarters or d…
Versículo 3
II. beasts--not living animals, as the cherubic four in Rev 4:7 (for the original is a different word…
Versículo 4
III. lion--the symbol of strength and courage; chief among the kingdoms, as the lion among the beasts.…
Versículo 5
IV. bear--symbolizing the austere life of the Persians in their mountains, also their cruelty (Isa 13…
Versículo 6
V. leopard--smaller than the lion; swift (Hab 1:8); cruel (Isa 11:6), the opposite of tame; springin…
Versículo 7
VI. As Daniel lived under the kingdom of the first beast, and therefore needed not to describe it, an…
Versículo 8
VII. little horn--little at first, but afterwards waxing greater than all others. He must be sought "a…
Versículo 9
VIII. I beheld till--I continued looking till.
Versículo 10
IX. thousand . . . ministered unto him--so at the giving of the law (Deu 33:2; Psa 68:17; Heb 12:22; …
Versículo 11
X. Here is set forth the execution on earth of the judgment pronounced in the unseen heavenly court …
Versículo 12
XI. the rest of the beasts--that is, the three first, had passed away not by direct destroying judgme…
Versículo 13
XII. Son of man--(See on Eze 2:1). Not merely Son of David, and King of Israel, but Head of restored h…
Versículo 15
XIII. body--literally, "sheath": the body being the "sheath" of the soul.
Versículo 17
XIV. kings--that is, kingdoms. Compare Dan 7:23, "fourth kingdom"; Dan 2:38; Dan 8:20-22. Each of the …
Versículo 18
XV. the Most High--the emphatic title of God in this prophecy, who delegates His power first to Israe…
Versículo 19
16. Balaam, an Aramean, dwelling on the Euphrates, at the beginning of Israel's independent history, …
Versículo 20
17. look . . . more stout than . . . fellows--namely, than that of the other horns.
Versículo 21
18. made war with the saints--persecuted the Church (Rev 11:7; Rev 13:7).
Versículo 22
19. Ancient of days came--The title applied to the Father in Dan 7:13 is here applied to the Son; who…
Versículo 24
20. ten horns--answering to the ten "toes" (Dan 2:41).
Versículo 25
21. Three attributes of Antichrist are specified: (1) The highest worldly wisdom and civilization. (2…
Versículo 26
22. consume . . . destroy--a twofold operation. Antichrist is to be gradually "consumed," as the Papa…
Versículo 27
23. greatness of the kingdom under . . . whole heaven--The power, which those several kingdoms had po…
Versículo 28
24. cogitations . . . troubled me--showing that the Holy Spirit intended much more to be understood b…