Antiguo Testamento

Isaiah — Capítulo 63

The prophet, (or rather the Church he represents), sees the great Deliverer, long promised and expected, making his appearance, after having crushed his enemies, like grapes in the wine-vat. The comparison suggests a …

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1¿Quién es este que viene de Edom, de Bosra, con vestidos rojos? ¿Este hermoso en su vestido, que marcha en la grandeza de su poder? Yo, el que hablo en justicia, grande para salvar.

2¿Por qué es rojo tu vestido, y tus ropas como del que ha pisado en lagar?

3He pisado yo solo el lagar, y de los pueblos nadie había conmigo; los pisé con mi ira, y los hollé con mi furor; y su sangre salpicó mis vestidos, y manché todas mis ropas.

4Porque el día de la venganza está en mi corazón, y el año de mis redimidos ha llegado.

5Miré, y no había quien ayudara, y me maravillé que no hubiera quien sustentase; y me salvó mi brazo, y me sostuvo mi ira.

6Y con mi ira hollé los pueblos, y los embriagué en mi furor, y derramé en tierra su sangre.

7De las misericordias de Jehová haré memoria, de las alabanzas de Jehová, conforme a todo lo que Jehová nos ha dado, y de la grandeza de sus beneficios hacia la casa de Israel, que les ha hecho según sus misericordias, y según la multitud de sus piedades.

8Porque dijo: Ciertamente mi pueblo son, hijos que no mienten; y fue su Salvador.

9En toda angustia de ellos él fue angustiado, y el ángel de su faz los salvó; en su amor y en su clemencia los redimió, y los trajo, y los levantó todos los días de la antigüedad.

10Mas ellos fueron rebeldes, e hicieron enojar su santo espíritu; por lo cual se les volvió enemigo, y él mismo peleó contra ellos.

11Pero se acordó de los días antiguos, de Moisés y de su pueblo, diciendo: ¿Dónde está el que les hizo subir del mar con el pastor de su rebaño?, ¿dónde el que puso en medio de él su santo espíritu,

12el que los guio por la diestra de Moisés con el brazo de su gloria; el que dividió las aguas delante de ellos, haciéndose así nombre perpetuo,

13el que los condujo por los abismos, como un caballo por el desierto, sin que tropezaran?

14El Espíritu de Jehová los pastoreó, como a una bestia que desciende al valle; así pastoreaste a tu pueblo, para hacerte nombre glorioso.

15Mira desde el cielo, y contempla desde tu santa y gloriosa morada. ¿Dónde está tu celo, y tu poder, la conmoción de tus entrañas y tus piedades para conmigo? ¿Se han estrechado?

16Pero tú eres nuestro padre, si bien Abraham nos ignora, e Israel no nos conoce; tú, oh Jehová, eres nuestro padre; nuestro Redentor perpetuo es tu nombre.

17¿Por qué, oh Jehová, nos has hecho errar de tus caminos, y endureciste nuestro corazón a tu temor? Vuélvete por amor de tus siervos, por las tribus de tu heredad.

18Por poco tiempo lo poseyó tu santo pueblo; nuestros enemigos han hollado tu santuario.

19Hemos venido a ser como aquellos de quienes nunca te enseñoreaste, sobre los cuales nunca fue llamado tu nombre.

ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 1

I. Who is this that cometh from Edom - Probably both Edom and Bozrah are only figurative expressions…

Who is this that cometh from Edom - Probably both Edom and Bozrah are only figurative expressions, to point out the place in which God should discomfit his enemies. Edom signifies red, and Bozrah, a vintage. Kimchi interprets the whole of the destruction of Rome. I that speak in righteousness "I who publish righteousness" - A MS. has המדבר hammedabber, with the demonstrative article added with greater force and emphasis: The announcer of righteousness. A MS. has צדקה tsedakah, without ב be prefixed; and so the Septuagint and Vulgate. And thirty-eight MSS. (seven ancient) of Dr. Kennicott's, and many of De Rossi's, and one of my own, add the conjunction ו vau to רב rab, and mighty; which the Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate confirm. - L.

Versículo 2

II. Wherefore art thou red in thine apparel - For ללבושך lilebushecha, twenty-nine MSS. (nine ancient…

Wherefore art thou red in thine apparel - For ללבושך lilebushecha, twenty-nine MSS. (nine ancient) of Kennicott's, and thirty of De Rossi s, and one edition, have ללבושיך lilebusheycha in the plural; so the Septuagint and Syriac. And all the ancient Versions read it with מ mem, instead of the first ל lamed. But the true reading is probably מלבושך malbushecha in the singular, as in Isa 63:3. - L.

Versículo 3

III. And of the people there was none with me - I was wholly abandoned by them: but a good meaning is,…

And of the people there was none with me - I was wholly abandoned by them: but a good meaning is, No man has had any part in making the atonement; it is entirely the work of the Messiah alone. No created being could have any part in a sacrifice that was to be of infinite merit. And I will stain "And I have stained" - For אגאלתי egalti, a verb of very irregular formation, compounded, as they say, of the two forms of the preterite and future, a MS. has אגאלהו egalehu, the regular future with a pleonastic pronoun added to it, according to the Hebrew idiom: "And all my raiment, I have stained it." The necessity of the verb's being in the past tense seems to have given occasion to the alteration made in the end of the word. The conversive ו vau at the beginning of the sentence affects the verb, though not joined to it; of which there are many examples: - anithani remim umikkarney עניתני רמים ומקרני "And thou wilt hear me (or hear thou me) from among the horns of the unicorns," Psa 22:22. - L. Instead of על בגדי al begadai, upon my garments, one of my ancient MSS. has לארץ בגדי larets begadai, to the earth: but this word is partly effaced, and על al written in the margin by a later hand.

Versículo 5

IV. And my fury "And mine indignation" - For וחמתי vachamathi, nineteen MSS. (three ancient) of Kenni…

And my fury "And mine indignation" - For וחמתי vachamathi, nineteen MSS. (three ancient) of Kennicott's, nine of De Rossi's, and one of mine, and four editions, have וצדקתי vetsidkathi, and my righteousness; from Isa 59:16, which I suppose the transcriber retained in his memory. It is true that the Versions are in favor of the common reading; but that noticed above seems to stand on good authority, and is a reading both pleasing and impressive. Opposite, in the margin, my MS. has the common reading by a later hand.

Versículo 6

V. And make them drunk in my fury "And I crushed them in mine indignation" - For ואשכרם vaashkerem, …

And make them drunk in my fury "And I crushed them in mine indignation" - For ואשכרם vaashkerem, and I made them drunken, twenty-seven MSS., (three ancient), twelve of De Rossi's, and the old edition of 1488, have ואשברם vaashabberem, and I crushed them: and so the Syriac and Chaldee. The Septuagint have omitted this whole line.

Versículo 7

VI. I will mention the loving-kindnesses of the Lord - The prophet connects the preceding mercies of …

I will mention the loving-kindnesses of the Lord - The prophet connects the preceding mercies of God to the Jews with the present prospect he has of their redemption by the Messiah; thus making a circle in which eternal goodness revolves. The remaining part of this chapter, with the whole chapter following, contains a penitential confession and supplication of the Israelites in their present state of dispersion, in which they have so long marvellously subsisted, and still continue to subsist, as a people; cast out of their country; without any proper form of civil polity or religious worship, their temple destroyed, their city desolated and lost to them, and their whole nation scattered over the face of the earth, apparently deserted and cast off by the God of their fathers, as no longer his peculiar people. They begin with acknowledging God's great mercies and favors to their nation, and the ungrateful returns made to them on their part, that by their disobedience they had forfeited the protection of God, and had caused him to become their adversary. And now the prophet represents them, induced by the memory of the great things that God had done for them, as addressing their humble supplication for the renewal of his mercies. They beseech him to regard them in consideration of his former loving-kindness, they acknowledge him for their Father and Creator, they confess their wickedness and hardness of heart, they entreat his forgiveness, and deplore their present miserable condition under which they have so long suffered. It seems designed as a formulary of humiliation for the Israelites, in order to their conversion. The whole passage is in the elegiac form, pathetic and elegant; but it has suffered much in our present copy by the mistakes of transcribers. The praises of the Lord "The praise of Jehovah" - For תהלות tehilloth, plural, twenty-nine MSS. (three ancient) and two editions, have תהלת tehillath, in the singular number; and so the Vulgate renders it; and one of the Greek versions, in the margin of Cod. Marchal. and in the text of MSS. Pachom. and 1. D. 2: την αινεσιν Κυριου, "the praise of the Lord." - L.

Versículo 8

VII. So he was their Savior. In all their affliction "And he became their Savior in all their distress…

So he was their Savior. In all their affliction "And he became their Savior in all their distress" - I have followed the translation of the Septuagint in the latter part of the eighth, and the former part of the ninth verse; which agrees with the present text, a little differently divided as to thee members of the sentence. They read מכל miccol, out of all, instead of בכל bechol, in all, which makes no difference in the sense; and צר tsar they understand as ציר tsir. Και εγενετο αυτοις εις σωτηριαν εκ πασης θλιψεως αυτων· ου πρεσβυς, ουδε αγγελος·. "And he was salvation to them in all their tribulation; neither an ambassador nor an angel, but himself saved them." An angel of his presence means an angel of superior order, in immediate attendance upon God. So the angel of the Lord says to Zacharias, "I am Gabriel, that stand in the presence of God," Luk 1:19. The presence of Jehovah, Exo 33:14, Exo 33:15, and the angel, Exo 33:20, Exo 33:21, is Jehovah himself; here an angel of his presence is opposed to Jehovah himself, as an angel is in the following passages of the same book of Exodus. After their idolatrous worshipping of the golden calf, "when God had said to Moses, I will send an angel before thee - I will not go up in the midst of thee - the people mourned," Exo 33:2-4. God afterwards comforts Moses, by saying, "My presence (that is I myself in person, and not by an angel) will go with thee," Exo 33:14. Αυτος προπορευσομαι σου, "I myself will go before thee, "as the Septuagint render it. The MSS. and editions are much divided between the two readings of the text and margin in the common copies, לא lo, not, and לו lo, to him. All the ancient Versions express the chetib reading, לא lo, not. "And he bare then and carried them all the days of old And he took them up, and he bore them, all the days of old" - See the note on Isa 46:3 (note). - L.

Versículo 10

VIII. And he fought against them - Twenty-six MSS. (ten ancient) and the first edition, with another, a…

And he fought against them - Twenty-six MSS. (ten ancient) and the first edition, with another, add the conjunction ו vau, והוא vehu, and he.

Versículo 11

IX. Moses and his people "Moses his servant" - For עמו ammo, his people, two MSS. (one of them ancien…

Moses and his people "Moses his servant" - For עמו ammo, his people, two MSS. (one of them ancient) and one of my own, (ancient), and one of De Rossi's, and the old edition of 1488, and the Syriac, read עבדו abdo, his servant. These two words have been mistaken one for the other in other places; Psa 78:71, and Psa 80:5, for עמו ammo, his people, and עמך ammecha, thy people, the Septuagint read עבדו abdo, his servant, and עבדך abdecha, thy servant. Where is he that brought them up out of the sea with the shepherd of his flock? where etc. "How he brought them up from the sea, with the shepherd of his flock; how," etc. - For איה aiyeh, how, interrogative, twice, the Syriac Version reads איך eich, how, without interrogation, as that particle is used in the Syriac language, and sometimes in the Hebrew. See Rut 3:18; Ecc 2:16. The shepherd of his flock - That is, Moses. The MSS. and editions vary in this word; some have it רעה roeh, in the singular number; so the Septuagint, Syriac, and Chaldee. Others רעי roey, plural, the shepherds. - L.

Versículo 13

X. That led them through the deep - As a beast goeth down into the valley - In both these verses the…

That led them through the deep - As a beast goeth down into the valley - In both these verses there is an allusion to the Israelites going through the Red Sea, in the bottom of which they found no more inconvenience than a horse would in running in the desert, where there was neither stone nor mud; nor a beast in the valley, where all was plain and smooth.

Versículo 14

XI. The Spirit of the Lord caused him to rest "The Spirit of Jehovah conducted them" - For תניחנו ten…

The Spirit of the Lord caused him to rest "The Spirit of Jehovah conducted them" - For תניחנו tenichennu, caused him to rest, the Septuagint have ὡδηγησεν αυτους, conducted them; they read תנחם tanchem. The Syriac, Chaldee, and Vulgate read תנחנו tanchennu, conducted him. Two MSS. have the word without the י yod in the middle.

Versículo 15

XII. And thy strength "And thy mighty power" - For גבורתיך geburotheycha, plural, thirty-two MSS. (sev…

And thy strength "And thy mighty power" - For גבורתיך geburotheycha, plural, thirty-two MSS. (seven ancient) and twenty-one of De Rossi's, and seven editions, have גבורתך geburathecha, singular. Are they restrained? - For אלי elai, from (or in regard to) me, the Septuagint and Syriac read אלינו eleynu, from us. - L.

Versículo 16

XIII. Our Redeemer; thy name is from everlasting "O deliver us for the sake of thy name" - The present …

Our Redeemer; thy name is from everlasting "O deliver us for the sake of thy name" - The present text reads, as our translation has rendered it, "Our Redeemer, thy name is from everlasting." But instead of מעולם meolam, from everlasting, an ancient MS. has למען lemaan, for the sake of, which gives a much better sense. To show the impropriety of the present reading, it is sufficient to observe, that the Septuagint and Syriac translators thought it necessary to add עלינו aleynu, upon us, to make out the sense; That is, "Thy name is upon us, or we are called by thy name, from of old." And the Septuagint have rendered גאלנו goalenu, in the imperative mood, ῥυσαι ἡμας, deliver us. - L.

Versículo 17

XIV. Why hast thou made us to err - A mere Hebraism, for why hast thou permitted us to err. So, Lead u…

Why hast thou made us to err - A mere Hebraism, for why hast thou permitted us to err. So, Lead us not into temptation; do not suffer us to fall into that to which we are tempted.

Versículo 18

XV. The people of thy holiness have possessed it but a little while "It is little that they have take…

The people of thy holiness have possessed it but a little while "It is little that they have taken possession of thy holy mountain" - The difficulty of the construction in this place is acknowledged on all hands. Vitringa prefers that sense as the least exceptionable which our translation has expressed; in which however there seems to be a great defect; that is, the want of that in the speaker's view must have been the principal part of the proposition, the object of the verb, the land, or it, as our translators supply it, which surely ought to have been expressed, and not to have been left to be supplied by the reader. In a word, I believe there is some mistake in the text; and here the Septuagint help us out; they had in their copy הר har, mountain, instead of עם am, people, του ορους του ἁγιου σου, the mountain of thy Holy One. "Not only have our enemies taken possession of Mount Sion, and trodden down thy sanctuary; even far worse than this has befallen us; thou hast long since utterly cast us off, and dost not consider us as thy peculiar people." - L.

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Versículo 7