Thy chapter contains a more general reproof of the wickedness of the Jews, Isa 59:1-8. After this they are represented confessing their sins, and deploring the unhappy consequences of them, Isa 59:9-15. On this act of…
1He aquí que no se ha acortado la mano de Jehová para salvar, ni se ha agravado su oído para oír;
2pero vuestras iniquidades han hecho división entre vosotros y vuestro Dios, y vuestros pecados han hecho ocultar de vosotros su rostro para no oír.
3Porque vuestras manos están contaminadas de sangre, y vuestros dedos de iniquidad; vuestros labios pronuncian mentira, habla maldad vuestra lengua.
4No hay quien clame por la justicia, ni quien juzgue por la verdad; confían en vanidad, y hablan vanidades; conciben maldades, y dan a luz iniquidad.
5Incuban huevos de áspides, y tejen telas de arañas; el que comiere de sus huevos, morirá; y si los apretaren, saldrán víboras.
6Sus telas no servirán para vestir, ni de sus obras serán cubiertos; sus obras son obras de iniquidad, y obra de rapiña está en sus manos.
7Sus pies corren al mal, se apresuran para derramar la sangre inocente; sus pensamientos, pensamientos de iniquidad; destrucción y quebrantamiento hay en sus caminos.
8No conocieron camino de paz, ni hay justicia en sus caminos; sus veredas son torcidas; cualquiera que por ellas fuere, no conocerá paz.
9Por esto se alejó de nosotros la justicia, y no nos alcanzó la rectitud; esperamos luz, y he aquí tinieblas; resplandores, y andamos en oscuridad.
10Palpamos la pared como ciegos, y andamos a tientas como sin ojos; tropezamos a mediodía como de noche; estamos en lugares oscuros como muertos.
11Gruñimos como osos todos nosotros, y gemimos lastimeramente como palomas; esperamos justicia, y no la hay; salvación, y se alejó de nosotros.
12Porque nuestras rebeliones se han multiplicado delante de ti, y nuestros pecados han atestiguado contra nosotros; porque con nosotros están nuestras iniquidades, y conocemos nuestros pecados:
13el prevaricar y mentir contra Jehová, y el apartarse de en pos de nuestro Dios; el hablar calumnia y rebelión, concebir y proferir de corazón palabras de mentira.
14Y el derecho se retiró, y la justicia se puso lejos; porque la verdad tropezó en la plaza, y la equidad no pudo venir.
15Y la verdad fue detenida, y el que se apartó del mal fue puesto en prisión; y lo vio Jehová, y desagradó a sus ojos, porque pereció el derecho.
16Y vio que no había hombre, y se maravilló que no hubiera quien se interpusiese; y lo salvó su brazo, y le afirmó su misma justicia.
17Pues de justicia se vistió como de una coraza, con yelmo de salvación en su cabeza; tomó ropas de venganza por vestidura, y se cubrió de celo como de manto,
18como para vindicación, como para retribuir con ira a sus enemigos, y dar el pago a sus adversarios; el pago dará a los de la costa.
19Y temerán desde el occidente el nombre de Jehová, y desde el nacimiento del sol su gloria; porque vendrá el enemigo como río, mas el Espíritu de Jehová levantará bandera contra él.
20Y vendrá el Redentor a Sion, y a los que se volvieren de la iniquidad en Jacob, dice Jehová.
21Y este será mi pacto con ellos, dijo Jehová: El Espíritu mío que está sobre ti, y mis palabras que puse en tu boca, no faltarán de tu boca, ni de la boca de tus hijos, ni de la boca de los hijos de tus hijos, dijo Jehová, desde ahora y para siempre.
ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY
I
Versículo 2
I. His face - For פנים panim, faces, I read panaiv, his face. So the Syriac, Septuagint, Alexandrian…
His face - For פנים panim, faces, I read panaiv, his face. So the Syriac, Septuagint, Alexandrian, Arabic, and Vulgate. פני panai, MS. Forte legendum פני panai, nam מ mem, sequitur, et loquitur Deus; confer cap. Isa 58:14. "We should perhaps read פני panai; for מ mem follows, and God is the speaker." - Secker. I rather think that the speech of God was closed with the last chapter, and that this chapter is delivered in the person of the prophet. - L.
II
Versículo 3
II. Your tongue "And your tongue" - An ancient MS., and the Septuagint and Vulgate, add the conjunction.
Your tongue "And your tongue" - An ancient MS., and the Septuagint and Vulgate, add the conjunction.
III
Versículo 4
III. They conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity - There is a curious propriety in this mode of e…
They conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity - There is a curious propriety in this mode of expression; a thought or purpose is compared to conception; a word or act, which is the consequence of it, to the birth of a child. From the third to the fifteenth verse inclusive may be considered a true statement of the then moral state of the Jewish people; and that they were, in the most proper sense of the word, guilty of the iniquities with which they are charged.
IV
Versículo 8
IV. Whosoever goeth therein shall not know peace "Whoever goeth in them knoweth not peace" - For בה b…
Whosoever goeth therein shall not know peace "Whoever goeth in them knoweth not peace" - For בה bah, singular, read בם bam, plural, with the Septuagint, Syriac, Vulgate, and Chaldee. The ה he is upon a rasure in one MS. Or, for נתיבתיהם nethibotheyhem, plural, we must read נתיבתם nethibatham, singular, as it is in an ancient MS., to preserve the grammatical concord. - L.
V
Versículo 10
V. We stumble at noon day as in the night "We stumble at mid-day, as in the twilight" - I adopt here…
We stumble at noon day as in the night "We stumble at mid-day, as in the twilight" - I adopt here an emendation of Houbigant, נשגגה nishgegah, instead of the second, נגששה negasheshah, the repetition of which has a poverty and inelegance extremely unworthy of the prophet, and unlike his manner. The mistake is of long standing, being prior to all the ancient versions. It was a very easy and obvious mistake, and I have little doubt of our having recovered the true reading in this ingenious correction.
VI
Versículo 11
VI. But it is far off from us "And it is far distant from us" - The conjunction ו vau must necessaril…
But it is far off from us "And it is far distant from us" - The conjunction ו vau must necessarily be prefixed to the verb, as the Syriac, Chaldee, and Vulgate found it in their copies; ורחקה verachakah, "and far off."
VII
Versículo 14
VII. Justice standeth afar off - צדקה tsedakah, righteousness, put here, says Kimchi, for alms to the …
Justice standeth afar off - צדקה tsedakah, righteousness, put here, says Kimchi, for alms to the poor. This casts some light on Mat 6:1 : "Take heed that you do not your alms," ελεημοσυνην. But the best copies have δικαιοσυνην, righteousness; the former having been inserted in the text at first merely as the explanation of the genuine and original word.
VIII
Versículo 15
VIII. And the Lord saw it "And Jehovah saw it" - This third line of the stanza appears manifestly to me…
And the Lord saw it "And Jehovah saw it" - This third line of the stanza appears manifestly to me to be imperfect by the loss of a phrase. The reader will perhaps more perfectly conceive my idea of the matter if I endeavor to supply the supposed defect, I imagine it might have stood originally in this manner: -
לו ויחר יהוה וירא lo veyachar Yehovah vaiyar משפט אין כי בעיניו וירע mishpat ein ki beeyinaiv veyera
"And Jehovah saw it, and he was wroth;
And it displeased him, that there was no judgment."
We have had already many examples of mistakes of omission; this, if it be such, is very ancient, being prior to all the versions. - L.
IX
Versículo 16
IX. And wondered that there was no intercessor - This and the following verses some of the most emine…
And wondered that there was no intercessor - This and the following verses some of the most eminent rabbins understand as spoken of the Messiah. Kimchi says that Rabbi Joshua ben Levi proposes this objection: "It is written, 'Behold, he will come in the clouds of heaven as the son of man,' Dan 7:13; and elsewhere it is written, 'He cometh lowly, and riding upon an ass,' Zac 9:9. How can these texts be reconciled? Thus: If the Jews have merit, he will come unto them in the clouds of heaven; but if they be destitute of merit, he will come unto them riding upon an ass." Now out of their own mouth they may be condemned. They were truly destitute of all merit when Jesus Christ came into Jerusalem riding upon an ass, according to the letter of the above prophecy; and they neither acknowledged nor received him. And that they were destitute of merit their destruction by the Romans, which shortly followed their rejection of him, sufficiently proves.
X
Versículo 17
X. For clothing "For his clothing" - תלבשת tilbosheth. "I cannot but think that this word, תלבשת til…
For clothing "For his clothing" - תלבשת tilbosheth. "I cannot but think that this word, תלבשת tilbosheth, is an interpolation.
1. It is in no one ancient version.
2. It is redundant in the sense, as it is before expressed in בגדי bigdey.
3. It makes the hemistich just so much longer than it ought to be, if it is compared with the others adjoining.
4. It makes a form of construction in this clause less elegant than that in the others.
5. It might probably be in some margin a various reading for בגדי bigdey, and thence taken into the text.
This is more probable, as its form is such as it would be if it were in regimine, as it must be before נקם nakam." - Dr. Jubb. Two sorts of armor are mentioned: a breast-plate and a helmet, to bring righteousness and salvation to those who fear him; and the garments of vengeance and the cloak of zeal for the destruction of all those who finally oppose him, and reject his Gospel.
XI
Versículo 18
XI. According to their deeds, accordingly he will repay "He is mighty to recompense; he that is might…
According to their deeds, accordingly he will repay "He is mighty to recompense; he that is mighty to recompense will requite" - The former part of this verse, as it stands at present in the Hebrew text, seems to me to be very imperfect, and absolutely unintelligible. The learned Vitringa has taken a great deal of pains upon it after Cocceius, who he says is the only one of all the interpreters, ancient or modern, who has at all understood it, and has opened the way for him. He thinks that both of them together have clearly made out the sense; I do not expect that any third person will ever be of that opinion. He says, Videtur sententia ad verbum sonare: quasi propter facta [adversariorum] quasi propter rependet; excandescentiam, etc., et sic reddidit Pagnimus. "According to the height of their demerits, he will repay them to the height: fury to his adversaries, recompense to his enemies," etc. - Waterland. This he converts, by a process which will not much edify my reader, into Secundum summe merita, secundum summe (merita) rependet; which is his translation. They that hold the present Hebrew text to be absolutely infallible must make their way through it as they can; but they ought surely to give us somewhat that has at least the appearance of sense. However, I hope the case here is not quite desperate; the Chaldee leads us very fairly to the correction of the text, which is both corrupted and defective. The paraphrase runs thus: מרי גמליא הוא גמלא ישלם marey gumlaiya hu simla yeshallem, "The Lord of retribution, he will render recompense." He manifestly read בעל baal instead of כעל keal. מרי גמליא marey gumlaiya is בעל גמלות baal gemuloth; as מרי מרירותא marey merirutha is בעל אף baal aph. Pro 22:24. And so in the Chaldee paraphrase on Isa 35:4 : מרי גמליא יי הוא יתגלי marey gamlaiya yeya hu yithgeley, "The Lord of retribution, Jehovah himself, shall be revealed;" words very near to those of the prophet in this place.
The second כעל keal, which the Chaldee has omitted, must be read בעל baal likewise. With this only addition to the Chaldee, which the Hebrew text justifies, we are supplied with the following clear reading of the passage: -
הוא גמלות בעל hu gemuloth baal ישלם גמלות בעל yeshallem gemuloth baal The Lord of retributions he
The Lord of retributions, shall repay.
The כ caph in כעל keal twice seems to have been at first ב beth, in MS. This verse in the Septuagint is very imperfect. In the first part of it they give us no assistance: the latter part is wholly omitted in the printed copies; but it is thus supplied by MSS. Pachom. and 1. D. II: Τοις ὑπεναντιοις αυτου· αμυναν τοις εχθροις αυτου· ταις νησοις αποδομα αποτισει. - L.
XII
Versículo 19
XII. When the enemy shall come in like a flood - This all the rabbins refer to the coming of the Messi…
When the enemy shall come in like a flood - This all the rabbins refer to the coming of the Messiah. If ye see a generation which endures much tribulation, then (say they) expect him, according to what is written: "When the enemy shall come in like a flood, the Spirit of the Lord shall lift up a standard against him."
Kimchi says, he that was the standard-bearer always began the battle by first smiting at the enemy. Here then the Spirit of the Lord is the standard-bearer, and strikes the first blow. They who go against sin and Satan with the Holy Spirit at their head, are sure to win the day.
The Spirit of the Lord shall lift up a standard against him "Which a strong wind driveth along" - Quam spiritus Domini cogit, "Which the Spirit of the Lord drives on." - Vulg. נוססה nosesah, pihel a נוס nus fugit. Kimchi says his father thus explained this word: נוססה nosesah interpretatur in significatione fugae, et ait, spiritus Domini fugabit hostem;-nam secundum eum נוססה nosesah est ex conjugatione quadrata, ejusque radix est נוס nus: "nosesah he interpreted in the signification of flight, - The Spirit of the Lord shall put the enemy to flight; for according to him the root of the word is נוס nus, he put to flight." The object of this action I explain otherwise. The conjunction ו vau, prefixed to רוח ruach, seems necessary to the sense, it is added by the corrector in one of the Koningsberg MSS., collated by Lilienthal. It is added also in one of my own.
XIII
Versículo 20
XIII. Unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob "And shall turn away iniquity from Jacob" - So th…
Unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob "And shall turn away iniquity from Jacob" - So the Septuagint and St. Paul, Rom 11:26, reading instead of לשבי leshabey and ביעקב beyaacob, והשיב veheshib and מיעקב meyaacob. The Syriac likewise reads והשיב veheshib; and the Chaldee, to the same sense, ולהשיב ulehashib. Our translators have expressed the sense of the present reading of the Hebrew text: "And unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob."
XIV
Versículo 21
XIV. This is my covenant with them "This is the covenant which I make with them" - For אותם otham, the…
This is my covenant with them "This is the covenant which I make with them" - For אותם otham, them, twenty-four MSS., (four ancient), and nine editions have אתם ittam, with them.
My Spirit that is upon thee - This seems to be an address to the Messiah; Kimchi says it is to the prophet, informing him that the spirit of prophecy should be given to all Israelites in the days of the Messiah, as it was then given to him, i.e., to the prophet.
And my words which I have put in thy mouth - Whatsoever Jesus spoke was the word and mind of God himself; and must, as such, be implicitly received.
Nor out of the mouth of thy seed - The same doctrines which Jesus preached, all his faithful ministers preach; and his seed - genuine Christians, who are all born of God, believe; and they shall continue, and the doctrines remain in the seed's seed through all generations - for ever and ever. This is God's covenant, ordered in all things and sure.
Antiguo Testamento
Isaiah — Capítulo 59
Thy chapter contains a more general reproof of the wickedness of the Jews, Isa 59:1-8. After this they are represented confessing their sins, and deploring the unhappy consequences of them, Isa 59:9-15. On this act of…
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1He aquí que no se ha acortado la mano de Jehová para salvar, ni se ha agravado su oído para oír;
2pero vuestras iniquidades han hecho división entre vosotros y vuestro Dios, y vuestros pecados han hecho ocultar de vosotros su rostro para no oír.
3Porque vuestras manos están contaminadas de sangre, y vuestros dedos de iniquidad; vuestros labios pronuncian mentira, habla maldad vuestra lengua.
4No hay quien clame por la justicia, ni quien juzgue por la verdad; confían en vanidad, y hablan vanidades; conciben maldades, y dan a luz iniquidad.
5Incuban huevos de áspides, y tejen telas de arañas; el que comiere de sus huevos, morirá; y si los apretaren, saldrán víboras.
6Sus telas no servirán para vestir, ni de sus obras serán cubiertos; sus obras son obras de iniquidad, y obra de rapiña está en sus manos.
7Sus pies corren al mal, se apresuran para derramar la sangre inocente; sus pensamientos, pensamientos de iniquidad; destrucción y quebrantamiento hay en sus caminos.
8No conocieron camino de paz, ni hay justicia en sus caminos; sus veredas son torcidas; cualquiera que por ellas fuere, no conocerá paz.
9Por esto se alejó de nosotros la justicia, y no nos alcanzó la rectitud; esperamos luz, y he aquí tinieblas; resplandores, y andamos en oscuridad.
10Palpamos la pared como ciegos, y andamos a tientas como sin ojos; tropezamos a mediodía como de noche; estamos en lugares oscuros como muertos.
11Gruñimos como osos todos nosotros, y gemimos lastimeramente como palomas; esperamos justicia, y no la hay; salvación, y se alejó de nosotros.
12Porque nuestras rebeliones se han multiplicado delante de ti, y nuestros pecados han atestiguado contra nosotros; porque con nosotros están nuestras iniquidades, y conocemos nuestros pecados:
13el prevaricar y mentir contra Jehová, y el apartarse de en pos de nuestro Dios; el hablar calumnia y rebelión, concebir y proferir de corazón palabras de mentira.
14Y el derecho se retiró, y la justicia se puso lejos; porque la verdad tropezó en la plaza, y la equidad no pudo venir.
15Y la verdad fue detenida, y el que se apartó del mal fue puesto en prisión; y lo vio Jehová, y desagradó a sus ojos, porque pereció el derecho.
16Y vio que no había hombre, y se maravilló que no hubiera quien se interpusiese; y lo salvó su brazo, y le afirmó su misma justicia.
17Pues de justicia se vistió como de una coraza, con yelmo de salvación en su cabeza; tomó ropas de venganza por vestidura, y se cubrió de celo como de manto,
18como para vindicación, como para retribuir con ira a sus enemigos, y dar el pago a sus adversarios; el pago dará a los de la costa.
19Y temerán desde el occidente el nombre de Jehová, y desde el nacimiento del sol su gloria; porque vendrá el enemigo como río, mas el Espíritu de Jehová levantará bandera contra él.
20Y vendrá el Redentor a Sion, y a los que se volvieren de la iniquidad en Jacob, dice Jehová.
21Y este será mi pacto con ellos, dijo Jehová: El Espíritu mío que está sobre ti, y mis palabras que puse en tu boca, no faltarán de tu boca, ni de la boca de tus hijos, ni de la boca de los hijos de tus hijos, dijo Jehová, desde ahora y para siempre.
ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY
Versículo 2
I. His face - For פנים panim, faces, I read panaiv, his face. So the Syriac, Septuagint, Alexandrian…
Versículo 3
II. Your tongue "And your tongue" - An ancient MS., and the Septuagint and Vulgate, add the conjunction.
Versículo 4
III. They conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity - There is a curious propriety in this mode of e…
Versículo 8
IV. Whosoever goeth therein shall not know peace "Whoever goeth in them knoweth not peace" - For בה b…
Versículo 10
V. We stumble at noon day as in the night "We stumble at mid-day, as in the twilight" - I adopt here…
Versículo 11
VI. But it is far off from us "And it is far distant from us" - The conjunction ו vau must necessaril…
Versículo 14
VII. Justice standeth afar off - צדקה tsedakah, righteousness, put here, says Kimchi, for alms to the …
Versículo 15
VIII. And the Lord saw it "And Jehovah saw it" - This third line of the stanza appears manifestly to me…
Versículo 16
IX. And wondered that there was no intercessor - This and the following verses some of the most emine…
Versículo 17
X. For clothing "For his clothing" - תלבשת tilbosheth. "I cannot but think that this word, תלבשת til…
Versículo 18
XI. According to their deeds, accordingly he will repay "He is mighty to recompense; he that is might…
Versículo 19
XII. When the enemy shall come in like a flood - This all the rabbins refer to the coming of the Messi…
Versículo 20
XIII. Unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob "And shall turn away iniquity from Jacob" - So th…
Versículo 21
XIV. This is my covenant with them "This is the covenant which I make with them" - For אותם otham, the…