Antiguo Testamento

Ezekiel — Capítulo 27

This chapter may be considered as the second part of the prophecy concerning Tyre. The prophet pursues his subject in the manner of those ancient lamentations or funeral songs, in which the praeficiae or mourning wome…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Vino a mí palabra de Jehová, diciendo:

2Tú, hijo de hombre, levanta endechas sobre Tiro.

3Dirás a Tiro, que está asentada a las orillas del mar, la que trafica con los pueblos de muchas costas: Así ha dicho Jehová el Señor: Tiro, tú has dicho: Yo soy de perfecta hermosura.

4En el corazón de los mares están tus confines; los que te edificaron completaron tu belleza.

5De hayas del monte Senir te fabricaron todo el maderaje; tomaron cedros del Líbano para hacerte el mástil.

6De encinas de Basán hicieron tus remos; tus bancos de pino de las costas de Quitim, incrustados de marfil.

7De lino fino bordado de Egipto era tu cortina, para que te sirviese de vela; de azul y púrpura de las costas de Elisa era tu pabellón.

8Los moradores de Sidón y de Arvad fueron tus remeros; tus sabios, oh Tiro, estaban en ti; ellos fueron tus pilotos.

9Los ancianos de Gebal y sus más hábiles obreros calafateaban tus junturas; todas las naves del mar y los remeros de ellas fueron a ti para negociar, para participar de tus negocios.

10Persas y los de Lud y Fut fueron en tu ejército tus hombres de guerra; escudos y yelmos colgaron en ti; ellos te dieron tu esplendor.

11Y los hijos de Arvad con tu ejército estuvieron sobre tus muros alrededor, y los gamadeos en tus torres; sus escudos colgaron sobre tus muros alrededor; ellos completaron tu hermosura.

12Tarsis comerciaba contigo por la abundancia de todas tus riquezas; con plata, hierro, estaño y plomo comerciaba en tus ferias.

13Javán, Tubal y Mesec comerciaban también contigo; con hombres y con utensilios de bronce comerciaban en tus ferias.

14Los de la casa de Togarma, con caballos y corceles de guerra y mulos, comerciaban en tu mercado.

15Los hijos de Dedán traficaban contigo; muchas costas tomaban mercadería de tu mano; colmillos de marfil y ébano te dieron por sus pagos.

16Edom traficaba contigo por la multitud de tus productos; con perlas, púrpura, vestidos bordados, linos finos, corales y rubíes venía a tus ferias.

17Judá y la tierra de Israel comerciaban contigo; con trigos de Minit y Panag, miel, aceite y resina negociaban en tus mercados.

18Damasco comerciaba contigo por tus muchos productos, por la abundancia de toda riqueza; con vino de Helbón y lana blanca negociaban.

19Asimismo Dan y el errante Javán vinieron a tus ferias, para negociar en tu mercado con hierro labrado, mirra destilada y caña aromática.

20Dedán comerciaba contigo en paños preciosos para carros.

21Arabia y todos los príncipes de Cedar traficaban contigo en corderos y carneros y machos cabríos; en estas cosas fueron tus mercaderes.

22Los mercaderes de Sabá y de Raama fueron también tus mercaderes; con lo principal de toda especiería, y toda piedra preciosa, y oro, vinieron a tus ferias.

23Harán, Cane, Edén, y los mercaderes de Sabá, de Asiria y de Quilmad, contrataban contigo.

24Estos mercaderes tuyos negociaban contigo en varias cosas; en mantos de azul y bordados, y en cajas de ropas preciosas, enlazadas con cordones, y en madera de cedro.

25Las naves de Tarsis eran como tus caravanas que traían tus mercancías; así llegaste a ser opulenta, te multiplicaste en gran manera en medio de los mares.

26En muchas aguas te engolfaron tus remeros; viento solano te quebrantó en medio de los mares.

27Tus riquezas, tus mercaderías, tu tráfico, tus remeros, tus pilotos, tus calafateadores y los agentes de tus negocios, y todos tus hombres de guerra que hay en ti, con toda tu compañía que en medio de ti se halla, caerán en medio de los mares el día de tu caída.

28Al estrépito de las voces de tus marineros temblarán las costas.

29Descenderán de sus naves todos los que toman remo; remeros y todos los pilotos del mar se quedarán en tierra,

30y harán oír su voz sobre ti, y gritarán amargamente, y echarán polvo sobre sus cabezas, y se revolcarán en ceniza.

31Se raerán por ti los cabellos, se ceñirán de cilicio, y endecharán por ti endechas amargas, con amargura del alma.

32Y levantarán sobre ti endechas en sus lamentaciones, y endecharán sobre ti, diciendo: ¿Quién como Tiro, como la destruida en medio del mar?

33Cuando tus mercaderías salían de las naves, saciabas a muchos pueblos; a los reyes de la tierra enriqueciste con la multitud de tus riquezas y de tu comercio.

34En el tiempo en que seas quebrantada por los mares en lo profundo de las aguas, tu comercio y toda tu compañía caerán en medio de ti.

35Todos los moradores de las costas se maravillarán sobre ti, y sus reyes temblarán de espanto; demudarán sus rostros.

36Los mercaderes en los pueblos silbarán contra ti; vendrás a ser espanto, y para siempre dejarás de ser.

ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 2

I. Take up a lamentation for Tyrus - This is a singular and curious chapter. It gives a very circums…

Take up a lamentation for Tyrus - This is a singular and curious chapter. It gives a very circumstantial account of the trade of Tyre with different parts of the world, and the different sorts of merchandise in which she trafficked. The places and the imports are as regularly entered here as they could have been in a European custom-house.

Versículo 3

II. The entry of the sea - Tyre was a small island, or rather rock, in the sea, at a short distance f…

The entry of the sea - Tyre was a small island, or rather rock, in the sea, at a short distance from the main land. We have already seen that there was another Tyre on the main land; but they are both considered as one city.

Versículo 4

III. Thy builders have perfected thy beauty - Under the allegory of a beautiful ship, the prophet, her…

Thy builders have perfected thy beauty - Under the allegory of a beautiful ship, the prophet, here and in the following verses, paints the glory of this ancient city. Horace describes the commonwealth of Rome by the same allegory, and is as minute in his description, Carm. lib. 1. Od. xiv: - O navis, referent in mare te novi Fluctus? O quid agis? Fortiter occupa Portum. Nonne video, ut Nudum remigio latus, Et malus celeri saucius Africo, Antennaeque gemant? ac sine funibus Vix durare carinae Possint imperiosius Aequor! non tibi sunt integra lintea; Non Di, quos iterum pressa votes malo: Quamvis Pontica pinus, Sylvae filia nobilis, Jactes et genus, et nomen inutile Nil pictis timidus navita puppibus Fidit. Tu, nisi, ventis Debes ludibrium, cave. Unhappy vessel, shall the waves again Tumultuous bear thee to the faithless main? What, would thy madness thus with storms to sport? Cast firm your anchor in the friendly port. Behold thy naked decks, the wounded mast, And sail-yards groan beneath the southern blast. Nor, without ropes, thy keel can longer brave The rushing fury of the imperious wave: Torn are thy sails; thy guardian gods are lost, Whom you might call, in future tempests tost. What, though majestic in your pride you stood, A noble daughter of the Pontic wood, You now may vainly boast an empty name, Of birth conspicuous in the rolls of fame. The mariner, when storms around him rise, No longer on a painted stern relies. Ah! yet take heed, lest these new tempests sweep, In sportive rage, thy glories to the deep. Francis. I give this as a striking parallel to many passages in this chapter.

Versículo 5

IV. Fir trees of Senir - Senir is a mountain which the Sidonians called Sirion, and the Hebrews Hermo…

Fir trees of Senir - Senir is a mountain which the Sidonians called Sirion, and the Hebrews Hermon, Deu 3:9. It was beyond Jordan, and extended from Libanus to the mountains of Gilead.

Versículo 6

V. Of the oaks of Bashan - Some translate alder, others the pine.

Of the oaks of Bashan - Some translate alder, others the pine. The company of the Ashurites - The word אשרים asherim is by several translated boxwood. The seats or benches being made of this wood inlaid with ivory. Isles of Chittim - The Italian islands; the islands of Greece; Cyprus. Calmet says Macedonia is meant.

Versículo 7

VI. Fine linen - שש shesh, cotton cloth. In this sense the word is generally to be understood.

Fine linen - שש shesh, cotton cloth. In this sense the word is generally to be understood. To be thy sail - Probably the flag - ensign or pennant, is meant. Blue and purple from the isles of Elishah - Elis, a part of the Peloponnesus.

Versículo 8

VII. Zidon and Arvad - Or Arad. Two powerful cities on the Phoenician coast, in the neighborhood of Ty…

Zidon and Arvad - Or Arad. Two powerful cities on the Phoenician coast, in the neighborhood of Tyre, from which Tyre had her sailors; and the best instructed of her own inhabitants were her pilots or steersmen.

Versículo 9

VIII. The ancients of Gebal - This was a city of Phoenicia, near Mount Libanus, Jos 13:5. It was called…

The ancients of Gebal - This was a city of Phoenicia, near Mount Libanus, Jos 13:5. It was called Biblos by the Greeks. Thy calkers - Those who repaired their vessels; paying, as it is termed, pitched hemp into the seams, to prevent the water from oozing through. To occupy thy merchandise - That is, to be thy agents or factors.

Versículo 10

IX. They of Persia - Lud, the Lydians; Phut, a people of Africa, see Gen 10:6. From these places they…

They of Persia - Lud, the Lydians; Phut, a people of Africa, see Gen 10:6. From these places they had auxiliary troops; for as they traded with the then known world, were rich, and could afford to give good pay, they no doubt had soldiers and sailors from every part. Skilful and desperate men will go any where after their price.

Versículo 11

X. The Gammadims were in thy towers - Some think these were a people of Phoenicia; others, that tute…

The Gammadims were in thy towers - Some think these were a people of Phoenicia; others, that tutelar images are meant; others, that the word expresses strong men, Who acted as guards. The Vulgate reads Pygmaei, the pygmies, who were fabled to be a little people of a cubit in height, from גמד gomed. a cubit; and are told that this little people were celebrated for their wars with the cranes; but nothing of this kind can enter into this description. Probably a people inhabiting the promontories of Phoenicia are here intended; and their hanging their shields upon the walls is a proof that soldiers are meant, and persons of skill and prowess too.

Versículo 12

XI. Tarshish was thy merchant - After having given an account of the naval and military equipment of …

Tarshish was thy merchant - After having given an account of the naval and military equipment of this city, he now speaks of the various places and peoples with whom the Tyrians traded, and the different kinds of merchandise imported from those places. By Tarshish some understand the Carthaginians; some think Tartessus, near the straits of Gibraltar, is meant; others, Tharsis in Cilicia. The place was famous for all the useful metals, silver, iron, tin, and lead. All these they might have had from Britain.

Versículo 13

XII. Javan, Tubal, and Meshech - The Ionians, the Tybarenians, and the Cappadocians, or Muscovites.

Javan, Tubal, and Meshech - The Ionians, the Tybarenians, and the Cappadocians, or Muscovites. They traded the persons of men - That is, they trafficked in slaves. The bodies and souls of men were bought and sold in those days, as in our degenerate age. With these also they traded in brazen vessels.

Versículo 14

XIII. Togarmah - The Sarmatians. Some think Cappadocia. With these they dealt in horses, mules, and hor…

Togarmah - The Sarmatians. Some think Cappadocia. With these they dealt in horses, mules, and horsemen; or probably draught horses and war horses are intended.

Versículo 15

XIV. The men of Dedan - Dedan was one of the descendants of Abraham by Keturah, and dwelt in Arabia, G…

The men of Dedan - Dedan was one of the descendants of Abraham by Keturah, and dwelt in Arabia, Gen 25:3. Ivory and ebony might come from that quarter. By way of distinction ivory is called both in Hebrew ש shen, and in Arabic shen, the Tooth, as that beautiful substance is the tooth of the elephant.

Versículo 16

XV. Syria - These were always a mercantile people. For the precious stones mentioned here see the not…

Syria - These were always a mercantile people. For the precious stones mentioned here see the notes on Exo 28:17 (note).

Versículo 17

16. Judah, and the land of Israel - traded in thy market wheat - The words have been understood as ar…

Judah, and the land of Israel - traded in thy market wheat - The words have been understood as articles of merchandise, not names of places. So the Jews traded with the Tyrians in wheat, stacte, balsam, honey, oil, and resin.

Versículo 18

17. Damascus wine of Helbon - Now called by the Turks Haleb, and by us Aleppo.

Damascus wine of Helbon - Now called by the Turks Haleb, and by us Aleppo. White wool - Very fine wool: wool of a fine quality. Some think Milesian wool is meant.

Versículo 19

18. Dan also and Javan - It is probable that both these words mean some of the Grecian islands.

Dan also and Javan - It is probable that both these words mean some of the Grecian islands. Going to and fro - They both took and brought - imported and exported: but מאוזל meuzal, from uzal, may be a proper name. What place is signified I cannot tell, unless it be Azal, a name, according to Kamoos, of the capital of Arabia Felix.

Versículo 20

19. Dedan - Possibly the descendants of Dedan, son of Raamah, see Gen 10:7.

Dedan - Possibly the descendants of Dedan, son of Raamah, see Gen 10:7. In precious clothes for chariots - Either fine carpets, or rich housings for horses, camels, etc., used for riding.

Versículo 21

20. Arabia, and all the princes of Cedar - Arabia Deserta, on the confines of the Dead Sea. The Kedar…

Arabia, and all the princes of Cedar - Arabia Deserta, on the confines of the Dead Sea. The Kedarenes inhabited the same country. These brought lambs, rams, and goats for the consumption of the city.

Versículo 22

21. Sheba and Raamah - Inhabitants of Arabia Felix, at the entrance of the Persian Gulf, who were fam…

Sheba and Raamah - Inhabitants of Arabia Felix, at the entrance of the Persian Gulf, who were famous for their riches and spices.

Versículo 23

22. Haran - In Mesopotamia; well known in Scripture.

Haran - In Mesopotamia; well known in Scripture. Canneh - Or Chalane, see Gen 10:10. It is supposed to be a cape or port of Arabia Felix, on the Indian Sea. Eden - Equally famous: supposed to have been situated near the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates. Sheba - Different from that in Gen 10:22. This was probably near the country of the Edomites. Asshur - Perhaps the Assyrians. Chilmad - Possibly Cholmadora, on the Euphrates. Ptol. lib. v.. cap. 15. For several of these places, and the persons from whom they derived their names, see Genesis 10 (note), and the notes there; and see Calmet.

Versículo 24

23. These were thy merchants in all sorts of things - The above people traded with the Tyrians in a g…

These were thy merchants in all sorts of things - The above people traded with the Tyrians in a great variety of the most valuable merchandise: blue or purple cloth, boxes of cedar, covered with skins, and bound with silken cords, and sealed with an engraved seal, finely cut, etc. See the Chaldee.

Versículo 25

24. The ships of Tarshish - The ships of Tharsis, in Cilicia, were the chief of those which traded wi…

The ships of Tarshish - The ships of Tharsis, in Cilicia, were the chief of those which traded with thee.

Versículo 26

25. Thy rowers have brought thee into great waters - Tyre is still considered under the allegory of a…

Thy rowers have brought thee into great waters - Tyre is still considered under the allegory of a ship; and all the vessels of different nations trading with her are represented as towing her into deep waters - bringing her into great affluence. But while in this state, a stormy east wind, or a destructive wind, meaning the Chaldeans, arises, and dashes her to pieces! See the ode from Horace, already quoted on Eze 27:4 (note).

Versículo 27

26. Thy riches - This vast ship, laden with all kinds of valuable wares, and manned in the best manne…

Thy riches - This vast ship, laden with all kinds of valuable wares, and manned in the best manner, being wrecked, all her valuables, sailors, officers, etc., went to the bottom.

Versículo 28

27. The cry of thy pilots - When the ship was dashed against the rocks by the violence of the winds a…

The cry of thy pilots - When the ship was dashed against the rocks by the violence of the winds and the waves, and all hope of life was taken away, then a universal cry was set up by all on board. I have heard this cry, and nothing more dismal can be imagined, when the ship by a violent tempest is driving among rocks on a lee shore. Then "All lost! cut away the boat!" is more dreadful than the cry of fire at midnight.

Versículo 30

28. Shall cry bitterly - All that were on the land, seeing this dreadful sight, a gallant ship perish…

Shall cry bitterly - All that were on the land, seeing this dreadful sight, a gallant ship perishing with all her men and goods, are represented as setting up a dismal cry at this heart-rending sight. But what must they have felt who were on board? Reader, wert thou ever shipwrecked? Wert thou ever in a hurricane on a lee rocky shore, where the helm had lost its power, and the sails were rendered useless? Dost thou remember that apparently last moment, when the ship drove up to the tremendous rocks, riding on the back of a mountainous surge? Then what was the universal cry? Hast thou ever heard any thing so terrific? so appalling? so death and judgment-like? No. It is impossible. These are the circumstances, this is the cry, that the prophet describes; disorder, confusion, dismay, and ruin. And this is a scene which the present writer has witnessed, himself a part of the wretched, when all hope of life was taken away, the yawning gulf opened, and nothing presented itself to support body or soul but that God who gave to both their being, and ultimately rescued him and his forlorn companions from one of the worst of deaths, by heaving the ship from the rocks by the agency of a tremendous receding wave. My soul hath these things still in remembrance, and therefore is humbled within me.

Versículo 32

29. What city is like Tyrus - This, to the end of the chapter, is the lamentation.

What city is like Tyrus - This, to the end of the chapter, is the lamentation.

Versículo 36

30. Shall hiss at thee - שרקו shareku, shall shriek for thee. This powerfully expresses the sensation…

Shall hiss at thee - שרקו shareku, shall shriek for thee. This powerfully expresses the sensation made on the feelings of the spectators on the shore when they saw the vessel swallowed up.

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