David succours Keilah, besieged by the Philistines; defeats them, and delivers the city, Sa1 23:1-6. Saul, hearing that David was at Keilah, determines to come and seize him, Sa1 23:7, Sa1 23:8. David inquires of the …
1Dieron aviso a David, diciendo: He aquí que los filisteos combaten a Keila, y roban las eras.
2Y David consultó a Jehová, diciendo: ¿Iré a atacar a estos filisteos? Y Jehová respondió a David: Ve, ataca a los filisteos, y libra a Keila.
3Pero los que estaban con David le dijeron: He aquí que nosotros aquí en Judá estamos con miedo; ¿cuánto más si fuéremos a Keila contra el ejército de los filisteos?
4Entonces David volvió a consultar a Jehová. Y Jehová le respondió y dijo: Levántate, desciende a Keila, pues yo entregaré en tus manos a los filisteos.
5Fue, pues, David con sus hombres a Keila, y peleó contra los filisteos, se llevó sus ganados, y les causó una gran derrota; y libró David a los de Keila.
6Y aconteció que cuando Abiatar hijo de Ahimelec huyó siguiendo a David a Keila, descendió con el efod en su mano.
7Y fue dado aviso a Saúl que David había venido a Keila. Entonces dijo Saúl: Dios lo ha entregado en mi mano, pues se ha encerrado entrando en ciudad con puertas y cerraduras.
8Y convocó Saúl a todo el pueblo a la batalla para descender a Keila, y poner sitio a David y a sus hombres.
9Mas entendiendo David que Saúl ideaba el mal contra él, dijo a Abiatar sacerdote: Trae el efod.
10Y dijo David: Jehová Dios de Israel, tu siervo tiene entendido que Saúl trata de venir contra Keila, a destruir la ciudad por causa mía.
11¿Me entregarán los vecinos de Keila en sus manos? ¿Descenderá Saúl, como ha oído tu siervo? Jehová Dios de Israel, te ruego que lo declares a tu siervo. Y Jehová dijo: Sí, descenderá.
12Dijo luego David: ¿Me entregarán los vecinos de Keila a mí y a mis hombres en manos de Saúl? Y Jehová respondió: Os entregarán.
13David entonces se levantó con sus hombres, que eran como seiscientos, y salieron de Keila, y anduvieron de un lugar a otro. Y vino a Saúl la nueva de que David se había escapado de Keila, y desistió de salir.
14Y David se quedó en el desierto en lugares fuertes, y habitaba en un monte en el desierto de Zif; y lo buscaba Saúl todos los días, pero Dios no lo entregó en sus manos.
15Viendo, pues, David que Saúl había salido en busca de su vida, se estuvo en Hores, en el desierto de Zif.
16Entonces se levantó Jonatán hijo de Saúl y vino a David a Hores, y fortaleció su mano en Dios.
17Y le dijo: No temas, pues no te hallará la mano de Saúl mi padre, y tú reinarás sobre Israel, y yo seré segundo después de ti; y aun Saúl mi padre así lo sabe.
18Y ambos hicieron pacto delante de Jehová; y David se quedó en Hores, y Jonatán se volvió a su casa.
19Después subieron los de Zif para decirle a Saúl en Gabaa: ¿No está David escondido en nuestra tierra en las peñas de Hores, en el collado de Haquila, que está al sur del desierto?
20Por tanto, rey, desciende pronto ahora, conforme a tu deseo, y nosotros lo entregaremos en la mano del rey.
21Y Saúl dijo: Benditos seáis vosotros de Jehová, que habéis tenido compasión de mí.
22Id, pues, ahora, aseguraos más, conoced y ved el lugar de su escondite, y quién lo haya visto allí; porque se me ha dicho que él es astuto en gran manera.
23Observad, pues, e informaos de todos los escondrijos donde se oculta, y volved a mí con información segura, y yo iré con vosotros; y si él estuviere en la tierra, yo le buscaré entre todos los millares de Judá.
24Y ellos se levantaron, y se fueron a Zif delante de Saúl. Pero David y su gente estaban en el desierto de Maón, en el Arabá al sur del desierto.
25Y se fue Saúl con su gente a buscarlo; pero fue dado aviso a David, y descendió a la peña, y se quedó en el desierto de Maón. Cuando Saúl oyó esto, siguió a David al desierto de Maón.
26Y Saúl iba por un lado del monte, y David con sus hombres por el otro lado del monte, y se daba prisa David para escapar de Saúl; mas Saúl y sus hombres habían encerrado a David y a su gente para capturarlos.
27Entonces vino un mensajero a Saúl, diciendo: Ven luego, porque los filisteos han hecho una irrupción en el país.
28Volvió, por tanto, Saúl de perseguir a David, y partió contra los filisteos. Por esta causa pusieron a aquel lugar por nombre Sela-hama-lecot.
29Entonces David subió de allí y habitó en los lugares fuertes de En-gadi.
ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY
I
Versículo 1
I. The Philistines fight against Keilah - Keilah was a fortified town in the tribe of Judah near to …
The Philistines fight against Keilah - Keilah was a fortified town in the tribe of Judah near to Eleutheropolis, on the road to Hebron.
Rob the threshing-floors - This was an ancient custom of the Philistines, Midianites, and others. See Jdg 6:4. When the corn was ripe and fit to be threshed, and they had collected it at the threshing-floors, which were always in the open field, then their enemies came upon them and spoiled them of the fruits of their harvest.
II
Versículo 2
II. Therefore David inquired of the Lord - In what way David made this inquiry we are not told, but i…
Therefore David inquired of the Lord - In what way David made this inquiry we are not told, but it was probably by means of Abiathar; and therefore I think, with Houbigant that the sixth verse should be read immediately after the first. The adventure mentioned here was truly noble. Had not David loved his country, and been above all motives of private and personal revenge, he would have rejoiced in this invasion of Judah as producing a strong diversion in his favor, and embroiling his inveterate enemy. In most cases a man with David's wrongs would have joined with the enemies of his country, and avenged himself on the author of his adversities; but he thinks of nothing but succouring Keilah, and using his power and influence in behalf of his brethren! This is a rare instance of disinterested heroism.
The Lord said - Go and smite - He might now go with confidence, being assured of success. When God promises success, who need be afraid of the face of any enemy?
III
Versículo 4
III. David inquired of the Lord yet again - This was to satisfy his men, who made the strong objection…
David inquired of the Lord yet again - This was to satisfy his men, who made the strong objections mentioned in the preceding verse.
IV
Versículo 5
IV. Brought away their cattle - The forage and spoil which the Philistines had taken, driving the cou…
Brought away their cattle - The forage and spoil which the Philistines had taken, driving the country before them round about Keilah.
V
Versículo 6
V. Came down with an ephod - I think this verse should come immediately after Sa1 23:1 (note).
Came down with an ephod - I think this verse should come immediately after Sa1 23:1 (note).
VI
Versículo 8
VI. Saul called all the people together - That is, all the people of that region or district, that th…
Saul called all the people together - That is, all the people of that region or district, that they might scour the country, and hunt out David from all his haunts.
VII
Versículo 9
VII. Bring hither the ephod - It seems as if David himself, clothed with the ephod, had consulted the …
Bring hither the ephod - It seems as if David himself, clothed with the ephod, had consulted the Lord; and Sa1 23:10-12 contain the words of the consultation, and the Lord's answer. But see on Sa1 23:2 (note).
VIII
Versículo 11
VIII. In these verses we find the following questions and answers: - David said, Will Saul come down to…
In these verses we find the following questions and answers: - David said, Will Saul come down to Keilah? And the Lord said, He will come down. Will the men of Keilah deliver me and my men into the hand of Saul? And the Lord said, They will deliver thee up. In this short history we find an ample proof that there is such a thing as contingency in human affairs; that is, God has poised many things between a possibility of being and not being, leaving it to the will of the creature to turn the scale. In the above answers of the Lord the following conditions were evidently implied: - If thou continue in Keilah, Saul will certainly come down; and If Saul come down, the men of Keilah will deliver thee into his hands. Now though the text positively asserts that Saul would come to Keilah, yet he did not come; and that the men of Keilah would deliver David into his hand, yet David was not thus delivered to him. And why? Because David left Keilah; but had he stayed, Saul would have come down, and the men of Keilah would have betrayed David. We may observe from this that, however positive a declaration of God may appear that refers to any thing in which man is to be employed, the prediction is not intended to suspend or destroy free agency, but always comprehends in it some particular condition.
IX
Versículo 14
IX. Wilderness of Ziph - Ziph was a city in the southern part of Judea, not far from Carmel.
Wilderness of Ziph - Ziph was a city in the southern part of Judea, not far from Carmel.
X
Versículo 16
X. And Jonathan - strengthened his hand in God - It is probable that there was always a secret inter…
And Jonathan - strengthened his hand in God - It is probable that there was always a secret intercourse between David and Jonathan, and that by this most trusty friend he was apprised of the various designs of Saul to take away his life. As Jonathan well knew that God had appointed David to the kingdom, he came now to encourage him to trust in the Most High, and to assure him that the hand of Saul should not prevail against him; and at this interview they renewed their covenant of friendship. Now all this Jonathan could do, consistently with his duty to his father and his king. He knew that David had delivered the kingdom; he saw that his father was ruling unconstitutionally; and he knew that God had appointed David to succeed Saul. This he knew would come about in the order of Providence; and neither he nor David took one step to hasten the time. Jonathan, by his several interferences, prevented his father from imbruing his hands in innocent blood: a more filial and a more loyal part he could not have acted; and therefore, in his attachment to David, he is wholly free of blame.
XI
Versículo 25
XI. The wilderness of Maon - Maon was a mountainous district in the most southern parts of Judah. Cal…
The wilderness of Maon - Maon was a mountainous district in the most southern parts of Judah. Calmet supposes it to be the city of Menois, which Eusebius places in the vicinity of Gaza; and the Maenaemi Castrum, which the Theodosian code places near to Beersheba.
XII
Versículo 26
XII. Saul went on this side of the mountain - Evidently not knowing that David and his men were on the…
Saul went on this side of the mountain - Evidently not knowing that David and his men were on the other side.
XIII
Versículo 27
XIII. There came a messenger - See the providence of God exerted for the salvation of David's life! Dav…
There came a messenger - See the providence of God exerted for the salvation of David's life! David and his men are almost surrounded by Saul and his army, and on the point of being taken, when a messenger arrives and informs Saul that the Philistines had invaded the land! But behold the workings of Providence! God had already prepared the invasion of the land by the Philistines, and kept Saul ignorant how much David was in his power; but as his advanced guards and scouts must have discovered him in a very short time, the messenger arrives just at the point of time to prevent it. Here David was delivered by God, and in such a manner too as rendered the Divine interposition visible.
XIV
Versículo 28
XIV. They called that place Sela-hammah-lekoth - That is, the rock of divisions; because, says the Tar…
They called that place Sela-hammah-lekoth - That is, the rock of divisions; because, says the Targum, the heart of the king was divided to go hither and thither. Here Saul was obliged to separate himself from David, in order to go and oppose the invading Philistines.
XV
Versículo 29
XV. Strong holds at En-gedi - En-gedi was situated near to the western coast of the Dead Sea, not far…
Strong holds at En-gedi - En-gedi was situated near to the western coast of the Dead Sea, not far from Jeshimon: it literally signifies the kid's well, and was celebrated for its vineyards, Sol 1:14. It was also celebrated for its balm. It is reported to be a mountainous territory, filled with caverns; and consequently proper for David in his present circumstances.
How threshing-floors were made among the ancients, we learn from Cato, De Re Rustica, chap. 91, and 129. And as I believe it would be an excellent method to make the most durable and efficient barn-floors, I will set it down: - Aream sic facito. Locum ubi facies confodito; postea amurca conspergito bene, sinitoque combibat. Postea comminuito glebas bene. Deinde coaequato, et paviculis verberato. Postea denuo amurca conspergito, sinitoque arescat. Si ita feceris neque formicae nocebunt, neque herbae nascentur: et cum pluerit, lutum non erit. "Make a threshing-floor thus: dig the place thoroughly; afterwards sprinkle it well with the lees of oil, and give it time to soak in. Then beat the clods very fine, make it level, and beat it well down with a paver's rammer. When this is done, sprinkle it afresh with the oil lees, and let it dry. This being done, the mice cannot burrow in it, no grass can grow through it, nor will the rain dissolve the surface to raise mud."
The directions of Columella are nearly the same; but as there as some differences of importance, I will subjoin his account: -
Area quoque si terrena erit, ut sit ad trituram satis habilis, primum radatur, deinde confodiatur, permixtis paleis cum amurca, quae salem non accepit, extergatur; nam ea res a populatione murium formicarumque frumenta defendit. Tum aequate paviculis, vel molari lapide condensetur, et rursus subjectis paleis inculcetur, atque ita solibus siccanda relinquatur.
De Re Rustica, lib. ii., c. 20.
"If you would have a threshing-floor made on the open ground, that it may be proper for the purpose, first pare off the surface, then let it be well digged, and mixed with lees of oil, unsalted, with which chaff has been mingled, for this prevents the mice and ants from burrowing and injuring the corn. Then level it with a paver's rammer, or press it down with a millstone. Afterwards scatter chaff over it, tread it down, and leave it to be dried by the sun."
This may be profitably used within doors, as well as in the field; and a durable and solid floor is a matter of very great consequence to the husbandman, as it prevents the flour from being injured by sand or dust.
Antiguo Testamento
1 Samuel — Capítulo 23
David succours Keilah, besieged by the Philistines; defeats them, and delivers the city, Sa1 23:1-6. Saul, hearing that David was at Keilah, determines to come and seize him, Sa1 23:7, Sa1 23:8. David inquires of the …
Texto — Reina-Valera 1960
1Dieron aviso a David, diciendo: He aquí que los filisteos combaten a Keila, y roban las eras.
2Y David consultó a Jehová, diciendo: ¿Iré a atacar a estos filisteos? Y Jehová respondió a David: Ve, ataca a los filisteos, y libra a Keila.
3Pero los que estaban con David le dijeron: He aquí que nosotros aquí en Judá estamos con miedo; ¿cuánto más si fuéremos a Keila contra el ejército de los filisteos?
4Entonces David volvió a consultar a Jehová. Y Jehová le respondió y dijo: Levántate, desciende a Keila, pues yo entregaré en tus manos a los filisteos.
5Fue, pues, David con sus hombres a Keila, y peleó contra los filisteos, se llevó sus ganados, y les causó una gran derrota; y libró David a los de Keila.
6Y aconteció que cuando Abiatar hijo de Ahimelec huyó siguiendo a David a Keila, descendió con el efod en su mano.
7Y fue dado aviso a Saúl que David había venido a Keila. Entonces dijo Saúl: Dios lo ha entregado en mi mano, pues se ha encerrado entrando en ciudad con puertas y cerraduras.
8Y convocó Saúl a todo el pueblo a la batalla para descender a Keila, y poner sitio a David y a sus hombres.
9Mas entendiendo David que Saúl ideaba el mal contra él, dijo a Abiatar sacerdote: Trae el efod.
10Y dijo David: Jehová Dios de Israel, tu siervo tiene entendido que Saúl trata de venir contra Keila, a destruir la ciudad por causa mía.
11¿Me entregarán los vecinos de Keila en sus manos? ¿Descenderá Saúl, como ha oído tu siervo? Jehová Dios de Israel, te ruego que lo declares a tu siervo. Y Jehová dijo: Sí, descenderá.
12Dijo luego David: ¿Me entregarán los vecinos de Keila a mí y a mis hombres en manos de Saúl? Y Jehová respondió: Os entregarán.
13David entonces se levantó con sus hombres, que eran como seiscientos, y salieron de Keila, y anduvieron de un lugar a otro. Y vino a Saúl la nueva de que David se había escapado de Keila, y desistió de salir.
14Y David se quedó en el desierto en lugares fuertes, y habitaba en un monte en el desierto de Zif; y lo buscaba Saúl todos los días, pero Dios no lo entregó en sus manos.
15Viendo, pues, David que Saúl había salido en busca de su vida, se estuvo en Hores, en el desierto de Zif.
16Entonces se levantó Jonatán hijo de Saúl y vino a David a Hores, y fortaleció su mano en Dios.
17Y le dijo: No temas, pues no te hallará la mano de Saúl mi padre, y tú reinarás sobre Israel, y yo seré segundo después de ti; y aun Saúl mi padre así lo sabe.
18Y ambos hicieron pacto delante de Jehová; y David se quedó en Hores, y Jonatán se volvió a su casa.
19Después subieron los de Zif para decirle a Saúl en Gabaa: ¿No está David escondido en nuestra tierra en las peñas de Hores, en el collado de Haquila, que está al sur del desierto?
20Por tanto, rey, desciende pronto ahora, conforme a tu deseo, y nosotros lo entregaremos en la mano del rey.
21Y Saúl dijo: Benditos seáis vosotros de Jehová, que habéis tenido compasión de mí.
22Id, pues, ahora, aseguraos más, conoced y ved el lugar de su escondite, y quién lo haya visto allí; porque se me ha dicho que él es astuto en gran manera.
23Observad, pues, e informaos de todos los escondrijos donde se oculta, y volved a mí con información segura, y yo iré con vosotros; y si él estuviere en la tierra, yo le buscaré entre todos los millares de Judá.
24Y ellos se levantaron, y se fueron a Zif delante de Saúl. Pero David y su gente estaban en el desierto de Maón, en el Arabá al sur del desierto.
25Y se fue Saúl con su gente a buscarlo; pero fue dado aviso a David, y descendió a la peña, y se quedó en el desierto de Maón. Cuando Saúl oyó esto, siguió a David al desierto de Maón.
26Y Saúl iba por un lado del monte, y David con sus hombres por el otro lado del monte, y se daba prisa David para escapar de Saúl; mas Saúl y sus hombres habían encerrado a David y a su gente para capturarlos.
27Entonces vino un mensajero a Saúl, diciendo: Ven luego, porque los filisteos han hecho una irrupción en el país.
28Volvió, por tanto, Saúl de perseguir a David, y partió contra los filisteos. Por esta causa pusieron a aquel lugar por nombre Sela-hama-lecot.
29Entonces David subió de allí y habitó en los lugares fuertes de En-gadi.
ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY
Versículo 1
I. The Philistines fight against Keilah - Keilah was a fortified town in the tribe of Judah near to …
Versículo 2
II. Therefore David inquired of the Lord - In what way David made this inquiry we are not told, but i…
Versículo 4
III. David inquired of the Lord yet again - This was to satisfy his men, who made the strong objection…
Versículo 5
IV. Brought away their cattle - The forage and spoil which the Philistines had taken, driving the cou…
Versículo 6
V. Came down with an ephod - I think this verse should come immediately after Sa1 23:1 (note).
Versículo 8
VI. Saul called all the people together - That is, all the people of that region or district, that th…
Versículo 9
VII. Bring hither the ephod - It seems as if David himself, clothed with the ephod, had consulted the …
Versículo 11
VIII. In these verses we find the following questions and answers: - David said, Will Saul come down to…
Versículo 14
IX. Wilderness of Ziph - Ziph was a city in the southern part of Judea, not far from Carmel.
Versículo 16
X. And Jonathan - strengthened his hand in God - It is probable that there was always a secret inter…
Versículo 25
XI. The wilderness of Maon - Maon was a mountainous district in the most southern parts of Judah. Cal…
Versículo 26
XII. Saul went on this side of the mountain - Evidently not knowing that David and his men were on the…
Versículo 27
XIII. There came a messenger - See the providence of God exerted for the salvation of David's life! Dav…
Versículo 28
XIV. They called that place Sela-hammah-lekoth - That is, the rock of divisions; because, says the Tar…
Versículo 29
XV. Strong holds at En-gedi - En-gedi was situated near to the western coast of the Dead Sea, not far…