Antiguo Testamento

1 Samuel — Capítulo 21

David comes to Ahimelech at Nob, receives provisions from him, and the sword of Goliath; and is noticed by Doeg, one of the servants of Saul, Sa1 21:1-9. He leaves Nob, and goes to Achish, king of Gath, Sa1 21:10. But…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Vino David a Nob, al sacerdote Ahimelec; y se sorprendió Ahimelec de su encuentro, y le dijo: ¿Cómo vienes tú solo, y nadie contigo?

2Y respondió David al sacerdote Ahimelec: El rey me encomendó un asunto, y me dijo: Nadie sepa cosa alguna del asunto a que te envío, y lo que te he encomendado; y yo les señalé a los criados un cierto lugar.

3Ahora, pues, ¿qué tienes a mano? Dame cinco panes, o lo que tengas.

4El sacerdote respondió a David y dijo: No tengo pan común a la mano, solamente tengo pan sagrado; pero lo daré si los criados se han guardado a lo menos de mujeres.

5Y David respondió al sacerdote, y le dijo: En verdad las mujeres han estado lejos de nosotros ayer y anteayer; cuando yo salí, ya los vasos de los jóvenes eran santos, aunque el viaje es profano; ¿cuánto más no serán santos hoy sus vasos?

6Así el sacerdote le dio el pan sagrado, porque allí no había otro pan sino los panes de la proposición, los cuales habían sido quitados de la presencia de Jehová, para poner panes calientes el día que aquellos fueron quitados.

7Y estaba allí aquel día detenido delante de Jehová uno de los siervos de Saúl, cuyo nombre era Doeg, edomita, el principal de los pastores de Saúl.

8Y David dijo a Ahimelec: ¿No tienes aquí a mano lanza o espada? Porque no tomé en mi mano mi espada ni mis armas, por cuanto la orden del rey era apremiante.

9Y el sacerdote respondió: La espada de Goliat el filisteo, al que tú venciste en el valle de Ela, está aquí envuelta en un velo detrás del efod; si quieres tomarla, tómala; porque aquí no hay otra sino esa. Y dijo David: Ninguna como ella; dámela.

10Y levantándose David aquel día, huyó de la presencia de Saúl, y se fue a Aquis rey de Gat.

11Y los siervos de Aquis le dijeron: ¿No es este David, el rey de la tierra? ¿no es este de quien cantaban en las danzas, diciendo: Hirió Saúl a sus miles, Y David a sus diez miles?

12Y David puso en su corazón estas palabras, y tuvo gran temor de Aquis rey de Gat.

13Y cambió su manera de comportarse delante de ellos, y se fingió loco entre ellos, y escribía en las portadas de las puertas, y dejaba correr la saliva por su barba.

14Y dijo Aquis a sus siervos: He aquí, veis que este hombre es demente; ¿por qué lo habéis traído a mí?

15¿Acaso me faltan locos, para que hayáis traído a este que hiciese de loco delante de mí? ¿Había de entrar este en mi casa?

ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 1

I. Then came David to Nob - There were two places of this name, one on this side, the second on the …

Then came David to Nob - There were two places of this name, one on this side, the second on the other side of Jordan; but it is generally supposed that Nob, near Gibeah of Benjamin, is the place here intended; it was about twelve miles from Jerusalem. Why art thou alone - Ahimelech probably knew nothing of the difference between Saul and David; and as he knew him to be the king's son-in-law, he wondered to see him come without any attendants.

Versículo 2

II. The king hath commanded me a business - All said here is an untruth, and could not be dictated by…

The king hath commanded me a business - All said here is an untruth, and could not be dictated by the Spirit of the Lord; but there is no reason to believe that David was under the influence of Divine inspiration at this time. It is well known that from all antiquity it was held no crime to tell a lie, in order to save life. Thus Diphilus: - Ὑπολαμβανω το ψευδος επι σωτηριᾳ Λεγομενον, ουδεν περιποιεισθαι δυσχερες. "I hold it right to tell a lie, in order to procure my personal safety; nothing should be avoided in order to save life." A heathen may say or sing thus; but no Christian can act thus, and save his soul, though he by doing so may save his life.

Versículo 6

III. So the priest gave him hallowed bread - To this history our Lord alludes, Mar 2:25, in order to s…

So the priest gave him hallowed bread - To this history our Lord alludes, Mar 2:25, in order to show that in cases of absolute necessity a breach of the ritual law was no sin. It was lawful for the priests only to eat the shew-bread; but David and his companions were starving, no other bread could be had at the time, and therefore he and his companions ate of it without sin.

Versículo 7

IV. Detained before the Lord - Probably fulfilling some vow to the Lord, and therefore for a time res…

Detained before the Lord - Probably fulfilling some vow to the Lord, and therefore for a time resident at the tabernacle. And his name was Doeg - From Sa1 22:9 we learn that this man betrayed David's secret to Saul, which caused him to destroy the city, and slay eighty-five priests. We learn from its title that the fifty-second Psalm was made on this occasion; but titles are not to be implicitly trusted.

Versículo 9

V. The sword of Goliath - It has already been conjectured (see 1 Samuel 17:1-58) that the sword of G…

The sword of Goliath - It has already been conjectured (see 1 Samuel 17:1-58) that the sword of Goliath was laid up as a trophy in the tabernacle.

Versículo 10

VI. Went to Achish the king of Gath - This was the worst place to which he could have gone: it was th…

Went to Achish the king of Gath - This was the worst place to which he could have gone: it was the very city of Goliath, whom he had slain, and whose sword he now wore; and he soon found, from the conversation of the servants of Achish, that his life was in the most imminent danger in this place.

Versículo 13

VII. And he changed his behavior - Some imagine David was so terrified at the danger to which he was n…

And he changed his behavior - Some imagine David was so terrified at the danger to which he was now exposed, that he was thrown into a kind of frenzy, accompanied with epileptic fits. This opinion is countenanced by the Septuagint, who render the passage thus: Ιδου ιδετε ανδρα επιλητον; "Behold, ye see an epileptic man. Why have ye introduced him to me?" Μη ελαττουμαι επιληπτων εγω; "Have I any need of epileptics, that ye have brought him to have his fits before me, (επιληπτευεσθαι προς με?") It is worthy of remark, that the spittle falling upon the beard, i.e., slavering or frothing at the mouth, is a genuine concomitant of an epileptic fit. If this translation be allowed, it will set the conduct of David in a clearer point of view than the present translation does. But others think the whole was a feigned conduct, and that he acted the part of a lunatic or madman in order to get out of the hands of Achish and his courtiers. Many vindicate this conduct of David; but if mocking be catching, according to the proverb, he who feigns himself to be mad may, through the just judgment of God, become so. I dare not be the apologist of insincerity or lying. Those who wish to look farther into this subject may consult Dr. Chandler, Mr. Saurin, and Ortlob, in the first volume of Dissertations, at the end of the Dutch edition of the Critici Sacri.

Versículo 15

VIII. Shall this fellow come into my house? - I will not take into my service a man who is liable to so…

Shall this fellow come into my house? - I will not take into my service a man who is liable to so grievous a disease. Chandler, who vindicates David's feigning himself, mad, concludes thus: "To deceive the deceiver is in many instances meritorious, in none criminal. And what so likely to deceive as the very reverse of that character which they had so misconstrued? He was undone as a wise man, he had a chance to escape as a madman; he tried, and the experiment succeeded." I confess I can neither feel the force nor the morality of this. Deceit and hypocrisy can never be pleasing in the sight of God.

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