Antiguo Testamento

1 Samuel — Capítulo 15

Samuel sends Saul to destroy the Amalekites, and all their substance, Sa1 15:1-3. Saul collects an immense army and comes against their city, Sa1 15:4, Sa1 15:5. He desires the Kenites to remove from among the Amaleki…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Después Samuel dijo a Saúl: Jehová me envió a que te ungiese por rey sobre su pueblo Israel; ahora, pues, está atento a las palabras de Jehová.

2Así ha dicho Jehová de los ejércitos: Yo castigaré lo que hizo Amalec a Israel al oponérsele en el camino cuando subía de Egipto.

3Ve, pues, y hiere a Amalec, y destruye todo lo que tiene, y no te apiades de él; mata a hombres, mujeres, niños, y aun los de pecho, vacas, ovejas, camellos y asnos.

4Saúl, pues, convocó al pueblo y les pasó revista en Telaim, doscientos mil de a pie, y diez mil hombres de Judá.

5Y viniendo Saúl a la ciudad de Amalec, puso emboscada en el valle.

6Y dijo Saúl a los ceneos: Idos, apartaos y salid de entre los de Amalec, para que no os destruya juntamente con ellos; porque vosotros mostrasteis misericordia a todos los hijos de Israel, cuando subían de Egipto. Y se apartaron los ceneos de entre los hijos de Amalec.

7Y Saúl derrotó a los amalecitas desde Havila hasta llegar a Shur, que está al oriente de Egipto.

8Y tomó vivo a Agag rey de Amalec, pero a todo el pueblo mató a filo de espada.

9Y Saúl y el pueblo perdonaron a Agag, y a lo mejor de las ovejas y del ganado mayor, de los animales engordados, de los carneros y de todo lo bueno, y no lo quisieron destruir; mas todo lo que era vil y despreciable destruyeron.

10Y vino palabra de Jehová a Samuel, diciendo:

11Me pesa haber puesto por rey a Saúl, porque se ha vuelto de en pos de mí, y no ha cumplido mis palabras. Y se apesadumbró Samuel, y clamó a Jehová toda aquella noche.

12Madrugó luego Samuel para ir a encontrar a Saúl por la mañana; y fue dado aviso a Samuel, diciendo: Saúl ha venido a Carmel, y he aquí se levantó un monumento, y dio la vuelta, y pasó adelante y descendió a Gilgal.

13Vino, pues, Samuel a Saúl, y Saúl le dijo: Bendito seas tú de Jehová; yo he cumplido la palabra de Jehová.

14Samuel entonces dijo: ¿Pues qué balido de ovejas y bramido de vacas es este que yo oigo con mis oídos?

15Y Saúl respondió: De Amalec los han traído; porque el pueblo perdonó lo mejor de las ovejas y de las vacas, para sacrificarlas a Jehová tu Dios, pero lo demás lo destruimos.

16Entonces dijo Samuel a Saúl: Déjame declararte lo que Jehová me ha dicho esta noche. Y él le respondió: Di.

17Y dijo Samuel: Aunque eras pequeño en tus propios ojos, ¿no has sido hecho jefe de las tribus de Israel, y Jehová te ha ungido por rey sobre Israel?

18Y Jehová te envió en misión y dijo: Ve, destruye a los pecadores de Amalec, y hazles guerra hasta que los acabes.

19¿Por qué, pues, no has oído la voz de Jehová, sino que vuelto al botín has hecho lo malo ante los ojos de Jehová?

20Y Saúl respondió a Samuel: Antes bien he obedecido la voz de Jehová, y fui a la misión que Jehová me envió, y he traído a Agag rey de Amalec, y he destruido a los amalecitas.

21Mas el pueblo tomó del botín ovejas y vacas, las primicias del anatema, para ofrecer sacrificios a Jehová tu Dios en Gilgal.

22Y Samuel dijo: ¿Se complace Jehová tanto en los holocaustos y víctimas, como en que se obedezca a las palabras de Jehová? Ciertamente el obedecer es mejor que los sacrificios, y el prestar atención que la grosura de los carneros.

23Porque como pecado de adivinación es la rebelión, y como ídolos e idolatría la obstinación. Por cuanto tú desechaste la palabra de Jehová, él también te ha desechado para que no seas rey.

24Entonces Saúl dijo a Samuel: Yo he pecado; pues he quebrantado el mandamiento de Jehová y tus palabras, porque temí al pueblo y consentí a la voz de ellos. Perdona, pues, ahora mi pecado,

25y vuelve conmigo para que adore a Jehová.

26Y Samuel respondió a Saúl: No volveré contigo; porque desechaste la palabra de Jehová, y Jehová te ha desechado para que no seas rey sobre Israel.

27Y volviéndose Samuel para irse, él se asió de la punta de su manto, y este se rasgó.

28Entonces Samuel le dijo: Jehová ha rasgado hoy de ti el reino de Israel, y lo ha dado a un prójimo tuyo mejor que tú.

29Además, el que es la Gloria de Israel no mentirá, ni se arrepentirá, porque no es hombre para que se arrepienta.

30Y él dijo: Yo he pecado; pero te ruego que me honres delante de los ancianos de mi pueblo y delante de Israel, y vuelvas conmigo para que adore a Jehová tu Dios.

31Y volvió Samuel tras Saúl, y adoró Saúl a Jehová.

32Después dijo Samuel: Traedme a Agag rey de Amalec. Y Agag vino a él alegremente. Y dijo Agag: Ciertamente ya pasó la amargura de la muerte.

33Y Samuel dijo: Como tu espada dejó a las mujeres sin hijos, así tu madre será sin hijo entre las mujeres. Entonces Samuel cortó en pedazos a Agag delante de Jehová en Gilgal.

34Se fue luego Samuel a Ramá, y Saúl subió a su casa en Gabaa de Saúl.

35Y nunca después vio Samuel a Saúl en toda su vida; y Samuel lloraba a Saúl; y Jehová se arrepentía de haber puesto a Saúl por rey sobre Israel.

ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 1

I. The Lord sent me to anoint thee - This gave him a right to say what immediately follows.

The Lord sent me to anoint thee - This gave him a right to say what immediately follows.

Versículo 2

II. I remember that which Amalek did - The Amalekites were a people of Arabia Petraea, who had occupi…

I remember that which Amalek did - The Amalekites were a people of Arabia Petraea, who had occupied a tract of country on the frontiers of Egypt and Palestine. They had acted with great cruelty towards the Israelites on their coming out of Egypt. (See Exo 17:8 (note), and the notes there). They came upon them when they were faint and weary, and smote the hindermost of the people - those who were too weak to keep up with the rest. (See Deu 25:18). And God then purposed that Amalek, as a nation, should be blotted out from under heaven; which purpose was now fulfilled by Saul upwards of four hundred years afterwards!

Versículo 3

III. Slay both man and woman - Nothing could justify such an exterminating decree but the absolute aut…

Slay both man and woman - Nothing could justify such an exterminating decree but the absolute authority of God. This was given: all the reasons of it we do not know; but this we know well, The Judge of all the earth doth right. This war was not for plunder, for God commanded that all the property as well as all the people should be destroyed.

Versículo 4

IV. Two hundred thousand - and ten thousand - The Septuagint, in the London Polyglot, have Four Hundr…

Two hundred thousand - and ten thousand - The Septuagint, in the London Polyglot, have Four Hundred thousand companies of Israel, and Thirty thousand companies of Judah. The Codex Alexandrinus has Ten thousand of each. The Complutensian Polyglot has Two Hundred thousand companies of Israel, and Ten thousand of Judah. And Josephus has Four Hundred thousand of Israel, and Thirty thousand of Judah. All the other versions are the same with the Hebrew text; and there is no difference in the MSS.

Versículo 5

V. Saul came to a city of Amalek - I believe the original should be translated, and Saul came to the…

Saul came to a city of Amalek - I believe the original should be translated, and Saul came to the city Amalek; their capital being called by the name of their tribe.

Versículo 6

VI. Said unto the Kenites - The Kenites were an ancient people. Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses, w…

Said unto the Kenites - The Kenites were an ancient people. Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses, was a Kenite. Hobab his son (if the same person be not meant) was guide to the Hebrews through the wilderness. They had a portion of the promised land, near to the city Arad. See Jdg 1:16; and for more particulars concerning them and the Amalekites, see the notes on Num 26:20-21 (note).

Versículo 7

VII. From Havilah - to Shur - From Pelusium in Egypt, unto the Red Sea. - Josephus. But Havilah lay ea…

From Havilah - to Shur - From Pelusium in Egypt, unto the Red Sea. - Josephus. But Havilah lay eastward from the Red Sea; the Amalekites lay between this and the way to Egypt towards Shur.

Versículo 11

VIII. It repenteth me that I have set up Saul - That is, I placed him on the throne; I intended, if he …

It repenteth me that I have set up Saul - That is, I placed him on the throne; I intended, if he had been obedient, to have established his kingdom. He has been disobedient; I change my purpose, and the kingdom shall not be established in his family. This is what is meant by God's repenting - changing a purpose according to conditions already laid down or mentally determined.

Versículo 12

IX. He set him up a place - Literally, a hand, יד yad. Some say it was a monument; others, a triumpha…

He set him up a place - Literally, a hand, יד yad. Some say it was a monument; others, a triumphal arch: probably it was no more than a hand, pointing out the place where Saul had gained the victory. Absalom's pillar is called the hand of Absalom, Sa2 18:18.

Versículo 15

X. The people spared the best of the sheep - It is very likely that the people did spare the best of…

The people spared the best of the sheep - It is very likely that the people did spare the best of the prey; and it is as likely that Saul might have restrained them if he would. That they might not love war, God had interdicted spoil and plunder, so the war was undertaken merely from a sense of duty, without any hope of enriching themselves by it.

Versículo 17

XI. Little in thine own sight - Who can bear prosperity? Is it not of the Lord's great goodness that …

Little in thine own sight - Who can bear prosperity? Is it not of the Lord's great goodness that the majority of the inhabitants of the earth are in comparative poverty?

Versículo 21

XII. To sacrifice unto the Lord - Thus he endeavors to excuse the people. They did not take the spoil …

To sacrifice unto the Lord - Thus he endeavors to excuse the people. They did not take the spoil in order to enrich themselves by it, but to sacrifice unto the Lord; and did not this motive justify their conduct?

Versículo 22

XIII. Hath the Lord as great delight, etc. - This was a very proper answer to, and refutation of Saul's…

Hath the Lord as great delight, etc. - This was a very proper answer to, and refutation of Saul's excuse. Is not obedience to the will of God the end of all religion, of its rites, ceremonies, and sacrifices?

Versículo 23

XIV. For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is as iniquity and idolatry - This is…

For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is as iniquity and idolatry - This is no translation of those difficult words, כי חטאת קסם מרי ואון ותרפים הפצר ki chattath kesem meri veaven utheraphim haphtsar. It appears to me that the three nouns which occur first in the text refer each to the three last in order. Thus, חטאת chattath, Transgression, refers to און aven, Iniquity, which is the principle whence transgression springs. קסם kesem, Divination, refers to תרפים teraphim, consecrated images or telesms, vulgarly talismans, used in incantations. And מרי meri, Rebellion, refers evidently to הפצר haphstar, Stubbornness, whence rebellion springs. The meaning therefore of this difficult place may be the following: As transgression comes from iniquity, divination from teraphim, and rebellion from stubbornness, so, because thou hast rejected the word of the Lord, he hath also rejected thee from being king. All the versions are different.

Versículo 24

XV. I have sinned - because I feared the people - This was the best excuse he could make for himself;…

I have sinned - because I feared the people - This was the best excuse he could make for himself; but had he feared God more, he need have feared the People less.

Versículo 25

16. Pardon my sin - Literally, bear my sin; take it away; forgive what I have done against thee, and …

Pardon my sin - Literally, bear my sin; take it away; forgive what I have done against thee, and be my intercessor with God, that he may forgive my offense against him; turn again with me, that I may worship the Lord.

Versículo 26

17. I will not return with thee - I cannot acknowledge thee as king, seeing the Lord hath rejected thee.

I will not return with thee - I cannot acknowledge thee as king, seeing the Lord hath rejected thee.

Versículo 29

18. The Strength of Israel will not lie - What God has purposed he will bring to pass, for he has all…

The Strength of Israel will not lie - What God has purposed he will bring to pass, for he has all power in the heavens and in the earth; and he will not repent - change his purpose - concerning thee. We may say it was some extenuation of Saul's fault that the people insisted on preserving the best of the prey; for who could resist the demands of a victorious mob? But his crime was in consenting; had he not, the crime would have been theirs alone.

Versículo 32

19. Agag came unto him delicately - The Septuagint have τρεμων, trembling; the original, מעדנת maadan…

Agag came unto him delicately - The Septuagint have τρεμων, trembling; the original, מעדנת maadannoth, delicacies; probably איש ish, man, understood; a man of delights, a pleasure-taker: the Vulgate, pinguissimus et tremens, "very fat and trembling." Surely the bitterness of death is past - Almost all the versions render this differently from ours. Surely death is bitter, is their general sense; and this seems to be the true meaning.

Versículo 33

20. As thy sword hath made women childless - It appears that Agag had forfeited his life by his own p…

As thy sword hath made women childless - It appears that Agag had forfeited his life by his own personal transgressions, and that his death now was the retribution of his cruelties. And Samuel hewed Agag in pieces - 1. What Samuel did here he did in his magisterial capacity; and, 2. It is not likely he did it by his own sword, but by that of an executioner. What kings, magistrates, and generals do, in an official way, by their subjects, servants, or soldiers, they are said to do themselves; qui facit per alterum, facit per se.

Versículo 35

21. And Samuel came no more to see Saul - But we read, Sa1 19:22-24, that Saul went to see Samuel at …

And Samuel came no more to see Saul - But we read, Sa1 19:22-24, that Saul went to see Samuel at Naioth, but this does not affect what is said here. From this time Samuel had no connection with Saul; he never more acknowledged him as king; he mourned and prayed for him, and continued to perform his prophetic functions at Ramah, and at Naioth, superintending the school of the prophets in that place.

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