Antiguo Testamento

1 Kings — Capítulo 21

Ahab covets the vineyard of Naboth, and wishes to have it either by purchase or exchange, Kg1 21:1, Kg1 21:2. Naboth refuses to alienate it on any account, because it was his inheritance from his fathers, Kg1 21:3. Ah…

Versión

Texto — Reina-Valera 1960

1Pasadas estas cosas, aconteció que Nabot de Jezreel tenía allí una viña junto al palacio de Acab rey de Samaria.

2Y Acab habló a Nabot, diciendo: Dame tu viña para un huerto de legumbres, porque está cercana a mi casa, y yo te daré por ella otra viña mejor que esta; o si mejor te pareciere, te pagaré su valor en dinero.

3Y Nabot respondió a Acab: Guárdeme Jehová de que yo te dé a ti la heredad de mis padres.

4Y vino Acab a su casa triste y enojado, por la palabra que Nabot de Jezreel le había respondido, diciendo: No te daré la heredad de mis padres. Y se acostó en su cama, y volvió su rostro, y no comió.

5Vino a él su mujer Jezabel, y le dijo: ¿Por qué está tan decaído tu espíritu, y no comes?

6Él respondió: Porque hablé con Nabot de Jezreel, y le dije que me diera su viña por dinero, o que si más quería, le daría otra viña por ella; y él respondió: Yo no te daré mi viña.

7Y su mujer Jezabel le dijo: ¿Eres tú ahora rey sobre Israel? Levántate, y come y alégrate; yo te daré la viña de Nabot de Jezreel.

8Entonces ella escribió cartas en nombre de Acab, y las selló con su anillo, y las envió a los ancianos y a los principales que moraban en la ciudad con Nabot.

9Y las cartas que escribió decían así: Proclamad ayuno, y poned a Nabot delante del pueblo;

10y poned a dos hombres perversos delante de él, que atestigüen contra él y digan: Tú has blasfemado a Dios y al rey. Y entonces sacadlo, y apedreadlo para que muera.

11Y los de su ciudad, los ancianos y los principales que moraban en su ciudad, hicieron como Jezabel les mandó, conforme a lo escrito en las cartas que ella les había enviado.

12Y promulgaron ayuno, y pusieron a Nabot delante del pueblo.

13Vinieron entonces dos hombres perversos, y se sentaron delante de él; y aquellos hombres perversos atestiguaron contra Nabot delante del pueblo, diciendo: Nabot ha blasfemado a Dios y al rey. Y lo llevaron fuera de la ciudad y lo apedrearon, y murió.

14Después enviaron a decir a Jezabel: Nabot ha sido apedreado y ha muerto.

15Cuando Jezabel oyó que Nabot había sido apedreado y muerto, dijo a Acab: Levántate y toma la viña de Nabot de Jezreel, que no te la quiso dar por dinero; porque Nabot no vive, sino que ha muerto.

16Y oyendo Acab que Nabot era muerto, se levantó para descender a la viña de Nabot de Jezreel, para tomar posesión de ella.

17Entonces vino palabra de Jehová a Elías tisbita, diciendo:

18Levántate, desciende a encontrarte con Acab rey de Israel, que está en Samaria; he aquí él está en la viña de Nabot, a la cual ha descendido para tomar posesión de ella.

19Y le hablarás diciendo: Así ha dicho Jehová: ¿No mataste, y también has despojado? Y volverás a hablarle, diciendo: Así ha dicho Jehová: En el mismo lugar donde lamieron los perros la sangre de Nabot, los perros lamerán también tu sangre, tu misma sangre.

20Y Acab dijo a Elías: ¿Me has hallado, enemigo mío? Él respondió: Te he encontrado, porque te has vendido a hacer lo malo delante de Jehová.

21He aquí yo traigo mal sobre ti, y barreré tu posteridad y destruiré hasta el último varón de la casa de Acab, tanto el siervo como el libre en Israel.

22Y pondré tu casa como la casa de Jeroboam hijo de Nabat, y como la casa de Baasa hijo de Ahías, por la rebelión con que me provocaste a ira, y con que has hecho pecar a Israel.

23De Jezabel también ha hablado Jehová, diciendo: Los perros comerán a Jezabel en el muro de Jezreel.

24El que de Acab fuere muerto en la ciudad, los perros lo comerán, y el que fuere muerto en el campo, lo comerán las aves del cielo.

25(A la verdad ninguno fue como Acab, que se vendió para hacer lo malo ante los ojos de Jehová; porque Jezabel su mujer lo incitaba.

26Él fue en gran manera abominable, caminando en pos de los ídolos, conforme a todo lo que hicieron los amorreos, a los cuales lanzó Jehová de delante de los hijos de Israel.)

27Y sucedió que cuando Acab oyó estas palabras, rasgó sus vestidos y puso cilicio sobre su carne, ayunó, y durmió en cilicio, y anduvo humillado.

28Entonces vino palabra de Jehová a Elías tisbita, diciendo:

29¿No has visto cómo Acab se ha humillado delante de mí? Pues por cuanto se ha humillado delante de mí, no traeré el mal en sus días; en los días de su hijo traeré el mal sobre su casa.

ADAM CLARKE BIBLE COMMENTARY

Versículo 1

I. After these things - This and the twentieth chapter are transposed in the Septuagint; this preced…

After these things - This and the twentieth chapter are transposed in the Septuagint; this preceding the account of the Syrian war with Ben-hadad. Josephus gives the history in the same order.

Versículo 2

II. Give me thy vineyard - The request of Ahab seems at first view fair and honorable. Naboth's viney…

Give me thy vineyard - The request of Ahab seems at first view fair and honorable. Naboth's vineyard was nigh to the palace of Ahab, and he wished to add it to his own for a kitchen garden, or perhaps a grass-plat, גן ירק gan yarak; and he offers to give him either a better vineyard for it, or to give him its worth in money. Naboth rejects the proposal with horror: The Lord forbid it me, that I should give the inheritance of my fathers to thee. No man could finally alienate any part of the parental inheritance; it might be sold or mortgaged till the jubilee, but at that time it must revert to its original owner, if not redeemed before; for this God had particularly enjoined Lev 25:14-17, Lev 25:25-28 : therefore Naboth properly said, Kg1 21:3, The Lord forbid it me, to give the inheritance of my fathers. Ahab most evidently wished him to alienate it finally, and this is what God's law had expressly forbidden; therefore he could not, consistently with his duty to God, indulge Ahab; and it was high iniquity in Ahab to tempt him to do it; and to covet it showed the depravity of Ahab's soul. But we see farther that, despotic as those kings were, they dared not seize on the inheritance of any man. This would have been a flagrant breach of the law and constitution of the country; and this indeed would have been inconsistent with the character which they sustained, viz., the Lord's vicegerents. The Jewish kings had no authority either to alter the old laws, or to make new ones. "The Hindoos," says Mr. Ward, "are as strongly attached to their homesteads as the Jews were. Though the heads of the family be employed in a distant part of the country, and though the homesteads may be almost in ruins, they cling still to the family inheritance with a fondness bordering on superstition.

Versículo 4

III. He laid him down upon his bed - Poor soul! he was lord over ten-twelfths of the land, and became …

He laid him down upon his bed - Poor soul! he was lord over ten-twelfths of the land, and became miserable because he could not get a poor man's vineyard added to all that he possessed! It is a true saying, "That soul in which God dwells not, has no happiness: and he who has God has a satisfying portion." Every privation and cross makes an unholy soul unhappy; and privations and crosses it must ever meet with, therefore: - "Where'er it goes is hell; itself is hell!"

Versículo 7

IV. Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel? - Naboth, not Ahab, is king. If he have authority to …

Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel? - Naboth, not Ahab, is king. If he have authority to refuse, and thou have no power to take, he is the greater man of the two. This is the vital language of despotism and tyranny.

Versículo 8

V. She wrote letters in Ahab's name - She counterfeited his authority by his own consent; and he len…

She wrote letters in Ahab's name - She counterfeited his authority by his own consent; and he lent his signet to stamp that authority.

Versículo 9

VI. Proclaim a fast - Intimate that there is some great calamity coming upon the nation, because of s…

Proclaim a fast - Intimate that there is some great calamity coming upon the nation, because of some evil tolerated in it. Set Naboth on high - Bring him to a public trial.

Versículo 10

VII. Set two men - For life could not be attainted but on the evidence of two witnesses at least.

Set two men - For life could not be attainted but on the evidence of two witnesses at least. Sons of Belial - Men who will not scruple to tell lies and take a false oath. Thou didst blaspheme God and the king - Thou art an atheist and a rebel. Thou hast spoken words injurious to the perfections and nature of God; and thou hast spoken words against the crown and dignity of the king. The words literally are, Naboth hath Blessed Clod and the king; or, as Parkhurst contends, "Thou hast blessed the false gods and Molech," ברכת אלהים ומלך And though Jezebel was herself an abominable idolatress; yet, as the law of Moses still continued in force, she seems to have been wicked enough to have destroyed Naboth, upon the false accusation of blessing the heathen Aleim and Molech, which subjected him to death by Deu 12:6; Deu 17:2-7. The first meaning appears the most simple. Many think that the word ברך barach signifies both to bless and curse; and so it is interpreted in most Lexicons: it is passing strange that out of the same word proceedeth blessing and cursing; and to give such opposite and self-destructive meanings to any word is very dangerous. Parkhurst denies that it ever has the meaning of cursing, and examines all the texts where it is said to occur with this meaning; and shows that blessing, not cursing, is to be understood in all those places: see him under ברך, sec. vi.

Versículo 13

VIII. And stoned him with stones - As they pretended to find him guilty of treason against God and the …

And stoned him with stones - As they pretended to find him guilty of treason against God and the king, it is likely they destroyed the whole of his family; and then the king seized on his grounds as confiscated, or as escheated to the king, without any heir at law. That his family was destroyed appears strongly intimated, Kg2 9:26; Surely I have seen yesterday the blood of Naboth, And the Blood of His Sons, saith the Lord.

Versículo 15

IX. Arise, take possession - By what rites or in what forms this was done, we do not know.

Arise, take possession - By what rites or in what forms this was done, we do not know.

Versículo 18

X. Go down to meet Ahab - This was the next day after the murder, as we learn from the above quotati…

Go down to meet Ahab - This was the next day after the murder, as we learn from the above quotation, Kg2 9:26.

Versículo 19

XI. In the place where dogs licked, etc. - It is in vain to look for a literal fulfillment of this pr…

In the place where dogs licked, etc. - It is in vain to look for a literal fulfillment of this prediction. Thus it would have been fulfilled, but the humiliation of Ahab induced the merciful God to say, I will not bring the evil in his days, but in the days of his son, Kg1 21:29. Now dogs did lick the blood of Ahab; but it was at the pool of Samaria, where his chariot and his armor were washed, after he had received his death wound at Ramoth-gilead; but some think this was the place where Naboth was stoned: see Kg1 22:38. And how literally the prediction concerning his son was fulfilled, see Kg2 9:25, where we find that the body of Jehoram his son, just then slain by an arrow that had passed through his heart, was thrown into the portion of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite; and there, doubtless, the dogs licked his blood, if they did not even devour his body. There is a similar idea of the propriety of punishment overtaking the culprit in the place where he had committed the crime, expressed by Orestes to Aegisthus, Soph. Elect. 1495. - Χωρει δ' ενθαπερ κατεκτανες Πατερα τον αμον, ὡς εν ταυτῳ θανῃς. - Go where thou slew'st my father, That in the self-same place thou too may'st die.

Versículo 20

XII. Thou hast sold thyself to work evil - See a similar form of speech, Rom 7:14 (note). Thou hast to…

Thou hast sold thyself to work evil - See a similar form of speech, Rom 7:14 (note). Thou hast totally abandoned thyself to the service of sin. Satan is become thy absolute master, and thou his undivided slave.

Versículo 23

XIII. The dogs shall eat Jezebel - This was most literally fulfilled; see Kg2 9:36. The carcasses of po…

The dogs shall eat Jezebel - This was most literally fulfilled; see Kg2 9:36. The carcasses of poor Hindoos, and of persons who have received public punishment, are thrown into the rivers, and floating to the side, are devoured by dogs, vultures, and crows.

Versículo 25

XIV. Did sell himself to work wickedness - He hired himself to the devil for this very purpose, that h…

Did sell himself to work wickedness - He hired himself to the devil for this very purpose, that he might work wickedness. This was to be his employment, and at this he labored. In the sight of the Lord, whom Jezebel his wife stirred up - A good wife is from the Lord; a bad wife is from the devil: Jezebel was of this kind; and she has had many successors.

Versículo 27

XV. He rent his clothes - He was penetrated with sorrow, and that evidently unfeigned.

He rent his clothes - He was penetrated with sorrow, and that evidently unfeigned. Put sackcloth upon his flesh - He humbled himself before God and man. And fasted - He afflicted his body for his soul's benefit. Lay in sackcloth - Gave the fullest proof that his repentance was real. And went softly - Walked barefooted; so the Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic. The Vulgate has demisso capite, "with his head hanging down." Houbigant translates went groaning. Jarchi says that the word אט at, used here, signifies to be unshod. This is its most likely sense. All these things prove that Ahab's repentance was genuine; and God's approbation of it puts it out of doubt. The slow and measured pace which always accompanies deep and reflective sorrow is also alluded to by Aeschylus, where the Chorus are thus shortly addressed on the defeat of Xerxes. - Aesch. Pers. 1073. Γοασθ' ἁβροβαται "With light and noiseless step lament."

Versículo 29

16. Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself - He did abase himself; he did truly repent him of his sins,…

Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself - He did abase himself; he did truly repent him of his sins, and it was such a repentance as was genuine in the sight of God: He humbleth himself Before Me. The penitent heart ever meets the merciful eye of God; repentance is highly esteemed by the Father of compassion, even where it is comparatively shallow and short-lived. Any measure of godly sorrow has a proportionate measure of God's regard; where it is deep and lasting, the heart of God is set upon it. He that mourns shall be comforted; thus hath God spoken, and though repentance for our past sins can purchase no favor, yet without it God will not grant us his salvation.

Cargando 1KI 21...